View source for Ἡρῴδης

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|txtha=Ἡρῴδου, ὁ (equivalent to ἡρωιδης, sprung from a [[hero]]: [[hence]], the Etym. Magn., pp. 165,43; 437,56 directs it to be written Ἡρῴδης (so WH), as it is [[found]] [[also]] in [[certain]] inscriptions (cf. Lipsius, Gram. Unters., p. 9; WH. Introductory § 410; Tdf. Proleg. 109; Pape, Eigennamen, [[under]] the [[word]])), [[Herod]], the [[name]] of a [[royal]] [[family]] [[that]] flourished [[among]] the Jews in the [[time]] of Jesus and the apostles. In the N. T. are mentioned,<br /><b class="num">1.</b> the [[one]] [[who]] gave the [[family]] its [[name]], [[Herod]] surnamed the Great, a [[son]] of [[Antipater]] of Idumaea. Appointed [[king]] of [[Judaea]] in 40 B.C.> by the Roman [[senate]] at the [[suggestion]] of Antony and [[with]] the [[consent]] of Octavian, he at [[length]] overcame the [[great]] [[opposition]] [[which]] the [[country]] made to him and took [[possession]] of the [[kingdom]] in 37 B.C.>; and, [[after]] the [[battle]] of [[Actium]], he [[was]] confirmed in it by Octavian, whose favor he [[ever]] [[after]] enjoyed. He [[was]] [[brave]] and [[skilled]] in [[war]], [[learned]] and [[sagacious]]; [[but]] [[also]] [[extremely]] [[suspicious]] and [[cruel]]. Hence, he destroyed the [[entire]] [[royal]] [[family]] of the Hasmonaeans, [[put]] to [[death]] [[many]] of the Jews [[that]] opposed his [[government]], and proceeded to [[kill]] [[even]] his [[dearly]] [[beloved]] [[wife]] Mariamne of the Hasmonaean [[line]] and the [[two]] sons she had borne him. By these acts of [[bloodshed]], and [[especially]] by his [[love]] and [[imitation]] of Roman [[customs]] and institutions and by the [[burdensome]] taxes imposed [[upon]] his subjects, he so alienated the Jews [[that]] he [[was]] [[unable]] to [[regain]] [[their]] favor by his [[splendid]] [[restoration]] of the [[temple]] and [[other]] acts of [[munificence]]. He died in the 70th [[year]] of his [[age]], the 37th of his [[reign]], the 4th [[before]] the Dionysian [[era]]. Cf. Josephus, Antiquities 14,14, 4; 15,6, 7; 7,4; 8,1; 16,5, 4; 11,6, etc. In his [[closing]] years John the Baptist and Christ were [[born]], Macrobius, sat. 2,4) [[that]] he commanded the [[male]] children in Bethlehem from [[two]] years [[old]] and [[under]] to be [[slain]]. Cf. [[especially]] Keim in Schenkel 3:27 ff; Schürer, Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 15, and the books [[there]] mentioned.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[Herod]] surnamed Antipas, [[son]] of [[Herod]] the Great and Malthace, a Samaritan [[woman]]. After the [[death]] of his [[father]] he [[was]] appointed by the Romans tetrach of Galilee and Peraea. His [[first]] [[wife]] [[was]] a [[daughter]] of Aretas, [[king]] of [[Arabia]]; [[but]] he [[subsequently]] repudiated her and took to [[himself]] Herodias, the [[wife]] of his [[brother]] [[Herod]] ([[see]] [[Φίλιππος]], 1); and in [[consequence]] Aretas, his [[father-in-law]], made [[war]] [[against]] him and conquered him. He [[cast]] John the Baptist [[into]] [[prison]] [[because]] John had rebuked him for [[this]] [[unlawful]] [[connection]]; and afterward, at the [[instigation]] of Herodias, he [[ordered]] him to be [[beheaded]]. Induced by her, [[too]], he went to [[Rome]] to [[obtain]] from the [[emperor]] the [[title]] of [[king]]. But in [[consequence]] of accusations brought [[against]] him by [[Herod]] [[Agrippa]] I., Caligula [[banished]] him (39> A.D. 39) to Lugdunum in [[Gaul]], [[where]] he seems to [[have]] died. (On the [[statement]] of Josephus (b. j. 2,9, 6) [[that]] he died in [[Spain]] [[see]] the [[conjecture]] in B. D. [[under]] the [[word]] Smith's Bible Dictionary, Herodias.) He [[was]] [[light]]-[[minded]], [[sensual]], [[vicious]] (Josephus, Antiquities 17,1, 3; 8,1; 11,4; 18,5, 1; 7,1 f; b. j. 2,9, 6). In the N. T. he is mentioned by the [[simple]] [[name]] of [[Herod]] in [[βασιλεύς]], [[either]] improperly, or in the [[sense]] of [[royal]] [[lineage]] ([[see]] [[βασιλεύς]]). Cf. Keim, the [[passage]] cited, p. 42ff; Schürer, the [[passage]] cited, p. 232ff<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[Herod]] [[Agrippa]] I ([[who]] is called by Luke [[simply]] [[Herod]], by Josephus [[everywhere]] [[Agrippa]]), [[son]] of Aristobulus and Berenice, and [[grandson]] of [[Herod]] the Great. After [[various]] changes of [[fortune]], he gained the favor of the emperors Caligula and [[Claudius]] to [[such]] a [[degree]] [[that]] he [[gradually]] obtained the [[government]] of [[all]] [[Palestine]], [[with]] the [[title]] of [[king]]. He died at Caesarea, 44> A.D. 44, at the [[age]] of 54, in the [[seventh]] (or 4th, [[reckoning]] from the [[extension]] of his dominions by [[Claudius]]) [[year]] of his [[reign]] (Josephus, Antiquities 17,1, 2; 18,6; 19,4, 5; 6,1; 7,3; b. j. 2,11, 6), [[just]] [[after]] having [[ordered]] James the [[apostle]], [[son]] of Zebedee, to be [[slain]], and Peter to be [[cast]] [[into]] [[prison]]: Keim, the [[passage]] cited, p. 49ff; Schürer, the [[passage]] cited, p. 290ff; (Farrar, St. Paul, vol. ii. Excurs. vi.).<br /><b class="num">4.</b> ([[Herod]]) [[Agrippa]] II, [[son]] of the [[preceding]]. When his [[father]] died he [[was]] a [[youth]] of seventeen. In 48> A.D. 48 he [[received]] from [[Claudius]] [[Caesar]] the [[government]] of [[Chalcis]], [[with]] the [[right]] of appointing the Jewish [[high]] priests, [[together]] [[with]] the [[care]] and [[oversight]] of the [[temple]] at [[Jerusalem]]. Four years [[later]] [[Claudius]] took from him [[Chalcis]] and gave him [[instead]] a larger [[dominion]], viz. Batanaea, Trachonitis, and Gaulanitis, [[with]] the [[title]] of [[king]]. To these regions [[Nero]], in 53> A.D. 53, added Tiberias and Tarichaeae and the Peraean Julias, [[with]] [[fourteen]] neighboring villages. Cf. Josephus, Antiquities 19,9, 1 f; 20,1, 3; 5,2; 7,1; 8,4; b. j. 2,12, 1,8. In the N. T. he is mentioned in Keim, the [[passage]] cited, p. 56ff; Schürer, the [[passage]] cited, p. 315ff (Less [[complete]] accounts of the [[family]] [[may]] he [[found]] in BB. DD.; Sieffert in Herzog edition 2under the [[word]]; an extended [[narrative]] in Hausrath, Neutest. Zeitgesch. vol. i. Abschn. v. Cf. [[also]] Edersheim, Jesus the Messiah, [[book]] ii., [[chapter]] ii. and Appendix iv.)
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{{elru
|elrutext='''Ἡρῴδης:''' ου ὁ Герод или Ирод<br /><b class="num">1)</b> афинский архонт в 60 г. до н. э.;<br /><b class="num">2)</b> Ἡ. ὁ Μέγας «Ирод Великий», сын Антипатра, царь Иудеи в 37-34 гг. до н. э. NT;<br /><b class="num">3)</b> Ἡ. ὁ Ἀντιππας, сын предыдущего, тетрарх Галилеи и Переи, муж Геродиады или Иродиады NT;<br /><b class="num">4)</b> Ἡ. ὁ Ἀγρίππας I, внук Ирода Великого, сын Аристобула и Береники или Вероники, царь Палестины, ум. в 44 г. н. э. NT.
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