View source for imperator

{{Woodhouse1
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<b class="b2">Imperator</b> (<b class="b2">in Roman sense</b>): P. [[στρατηγός]], ὁ (late).
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{{Lewis
|lshtext=<b>impĕrātor</b>: (inp-), ōris (archaic form induperator, Enn. Ann. v. 86; 332; 350; 552 Vahl.; Lucr. 4, 967; 5, 1227; cf. 1.<br /><b>I</b> init.; [[but]] in Enn. also [[imperator]], Trag. v. 34 Vahl.), m. id..<br /><b>I</b> Orig., milit. t. t., a [[commander]]-in-[[chief]], [[general]], = [[στρατηγός]] (cf.: dux, [[ductor]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen.: si [[forte]] quaereretur, quae esset ars imperatoris, constituendum putarem [[principio]], [[quis]] esset [[imperator]]: qui cum esset [[constitutus]] [[administrator]] [[quidam]] belli gerendi, tum adjungeremus de exercitu, de castris, etc.... de reliquis rebus, quae essent propriae belli administrandi: quarum qui essent [[animo]] et [[scientia]] compotes, eos esse imperatores dicerem, utererque exemplis Africanorum et Maximorum; Epaminondam [[atque]] Hannibalem [[atque]] ejus generis homines nominarem, Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 210: aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: [[alter]] omnia agere ad [[praescriptum]], [[alter]] [[libere]] ad summam rerum consulere debet, Caes. B. C. 3, 51, 4: [[sapiens]] et [[callidus]] [[imperator]], Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 58: [[bonus]] ac [[fortis]], id. de Or. 2, 44, 187; cf.: [[egregie]] [[fortis]] et [[bonus]], id. ib. 2, 66, 268: eosdem labores non [[aeque]] esse graves imperatori et militi, id. Tusc. 2, 26, 62: ego sic [[existimo]] in summo imperatore quatuor has res inesse oportere, scientiam rei [[militaris]], virtutem, auctoritatem, felicitatem, etc., id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: unum ad id [[bellum]] imperatorem deposci, id. ib. 2, 5: [[nomen]] invicti imperatoris, id. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 82: [[Themistocles]] ... [[imperator]] [[bello]] Persico, id. Lael. 12, 42: cum pro se [[quisque]] in conspectu imperatoris ... operam navare cuperet, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.: insece, [[Musa]], manu Romanorum induperator Quod [[quisque]] in [[bello]] gessit cum rege Philippo, Enn. ap. Gell. 18, 9, 3 (Ann. v. 332 Vahl.): induperatores pugnare ac proelia obire, Lucr. 4, 967.—As a [[title]], placed [[after]] the [[name]]: M. [[Cicero]] S. D. C. Antonio M. F. Imp., Cic. Fam. 5, 5 inscr.: Cn. Pompeio Cn. F. Magno Imperatori, id. ib. 5, 7 inscr.: Vatinio Imp. S., id. ib. 5, 11 et saep. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic., pregn., in the times of the [[republic]], a [[title]] of [[honor]] conferred on a [[general]] [[after]] [[any]] [[important]] [[victory]]: his rebus gestis [[Curio]] se in [[castra]] ad Bagradam recepit, [[atque]] universi [[exercitus]] conclamatione Imperator appellatur, Caes. B. C. 2, 26, 1; cf.: [[Pompeius]] eo [[proelio]] Imperator est appellatus, id. ib. 3, 71, 3; Cic. Phil. 14, 4, 11; 14, 5, 12; Caes. B. C. 3, 31, 1; Liv. 27, 19, 4; Inscr. Orell. 542; 3417 sq. (cf. also Plin. [[Pan]]. 12, 1).—<br /><b>II</b> Transf. [[beyond]] the milit. [[sphere]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen., a [[commander]], [[leader]], [[chief]], [[director]], [[ruler]], [[master]]: (Romani) immutato [[more]] annua imperia, binos imperatores sibi fecere, i. e. consuls, Sall. C. 6, 7: (vis venti) Induperatorem [[classis]] [[super]] aequora verrit, [[admiral]], Lucr. 5, 1227: [[imperator]] [[histricus]], [[director]], [[manager]], Plaut. Poen. prol. 4: di te servassint [[semper]] ... [[salus]] interioris hominis amorisque inperator, id. As. 3, 3, 66: familiae, id. Capt. 2, 2, 57: [[nolo]] eundem populum imperatorem et portitorem esse terrarum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 22 (Rep. 4, 7 Mos.): dux et [[imperator]] vitae mortalium [[animus]] est, Sall. J. 1, 3: vitae nostrae necisque, Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An epithet of Jupiter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129: [[signum]] Jovis Imperatoris, Liv. 6, 29, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[conqueror]] at a [[game]] of chess, Vop. Proc. 13, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[title]] of the Roman emperors, placed [[either]] [[before]] or [[after]] the [[name]] (cf. I.); [[before]] it, Suet. Caes. 76; Claud. 12; 26: IMP. CAESARI DIVI IVLI F., Inscr. Orell. 596; so ib. 597; 600; 602; 604 sq.; [[after]] it, Suet. Oth. 2; Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 9; 4, 17, 8; 4, 22, 4.—Hence [[afterwards]] absol.: Imperator, a Roman [[emperor]], Tac. A. 3, 74: [[velut]] [[praesagium]] insequentis [[casus]], quo [[medius]] [[inter]] utriusque filios exstitit Imperator, Suet. Galb. 6; id. Claud. 13; 29; id. Galb. 3, 6, 20; id. Vit. 3 et saep.
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{{Gaffiot
|gf=<b>impĕrātŏr</b>,⁶ ōris, m. ([[impero]]),<br /><b>1</b> celui qui commande, chef, maître : Pl. Pœn. 4 ; Cic. Rep. 4, 7 ; Sall. C. 6, 7 ; J. 1, 3 ; Plin. 29, 11<br /><b>2</b> chef d’armée, général : Cic. de Or. 1, 210 ; etc. ; Cæs. C. 3, 51, 3 ; etc. &#124;&#124; titre décerné au général victorieux : Cic. Phil. 14, 11 ; Cæs. C. 3, 31, 1 ; Liv. 27, 19, 4 &#124;&#124; [fig.] homme de guerre, capitaine : Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 95 ; 5, 2, etc. &#124;&#124; [épithète de Jupiter] Jupiter impérator : Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 129<br /><b>3</b> empereur : Suet. Cæs. 76 ; Claud. 12 ; Plin. Min. Ep. 3, 5, 9, etc. arch. [[induperator]] Enn. Ann. 83 ; 326, etc. ; Lucr. 4, 967 ; 5, 1227.||titre décerné au général victorieux : Cic. Phil. 14, 11 ; Cæs. C. 3, 31, 1 ; Liv. 27, 19, 4||[fig.] homme de guerre, capitaine : Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 95 ; 5, 2, etc.||[épithète de Jupiter] Jupiter impérator : Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 129<br /><b>3</b> empereur : Suet. Cæs. 76 ; Claud. 12 ; Plin. Min. Ep. 3, 5, 9, etc. arch. [[induperator]] Enn. Ann. 83 ; 326, etc. ; Lucr. 4, 967 ; 5, 1227.
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{{Georges
|georg=imperātor, ōris, m. ([[impero]]), [[jeder]] [[Befehlshaber]], [[Vorgesetzte]], Gebieter, I) eig.: A) im allg.: familiae ([[des]] Hausgesindes), Plaut.: imp. [[histricus]], [[Direktor]] der [[Schauspieler]], Plaut.: imp. [[populus]], Tac.: [[populus]] est imp. omnium gentium, Cic.: vitae, Sall.: vitae necisque, Plin.: im [[Wortspiel]] [[mit]] imperare provinciam ([[ein]] [[Amt]] [[anweisen]]), Plaut. mil. 1159 u. 1160. – B) insbes., der [[oberste]] [[Befehlshaber]] beim Heere, der [[Feldherr]], griech. [[στρατηγός]], Caes., Cic. u.a. – dah. [[ein]] [[Ehrentitel]], den [[ein]] [[Feldherr]] [[nach]] einem ansehnlichen Siege vom Heere und Senate erhielt, Caes., Cic. u.a.: [[als]] [[Titel]] gew. dem Namen nachgesetzt, Cn. Pompeio Cn. F. Magno Imperatori, Cic. ep. 5, 7 lemm. – II) übtr.: A) [[Beiname]] Jupiters, Cic. Verr. 4, 129. – B) der [[Sieger]] im Schachspiele, Vopisc. Proc. 13, 2. – C) [[seit]] Cäsar (s. Suet. Caes. 76, 1) [[ein]] [[Titel]] der [[Herrscher]] u. dem Namen [[bald]] [[vor]]-, [[bald]] nachgesetzt (vgl. no. I, B), der [[Herrscher]], Gebieter, [[Gewalthaber]] (s. Nipp. Tac. ann. 1, 3), imp. [[Augustus]], Suet.: [[Otho]] imp., Suet.: [[Vespasianus]] imp., Plin. ep.: imp. [[Nerva]], Plin. ep. – [[dann]] absol. = röm. [[Kaiser]], Suet. u. Plin.: [[scaenicus]] ([[auf]] der [[Bühne]] auftretender), [[von]] [[Nero]], Plin. pan. – / inpeirator, Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 5041. – Nbf. [[induperator]], s. [[bes]].
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