ῥέθος: Difference between revisions

From LSJ

Λόγοις δ' ἐγὼ φιλοῦσαν οὐ στέργω φίλην → I do not care for the friend who loves in word alone

Sophocles, Antigone, 543
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{{etym
{{etym
|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[face]], [[countenance]] (S. Ant. 529, E. HF 1205 [both anap.], Theoc. 29, 16, Lyc. 1137), [[body]] (Lyc. 173), meaning un<b class="b3">χερταιν</b> (Sapph. 22, 3); pl. [[faces]] (A. R. 2, 68), [[limb]] (Theoc. 23, 39); older meaning unclear (<b class="b3">ἐκ ῥεθέων Π</b> 856 = Χ 362, Χ 68); cf. <b class="b3">ῥεθέων σπλάγχνων</b>, <b class="b3">μελῶν</b>, <b class="b3">σωμάτων</b> H.; sch. on Χ 68 proposes [[face]], [[mouth]], also [[nostrils]], the last of which is preferred by Leumann Hom. Wörter 218ff. (where older lit.) because of the plur. Cf. Snell, Entdeckung des Geistes 24-6, who demonstratess the transition from the literal meaning (a bodypart) to [[body]].<br />Compounds: As 1. member in Aeol. <b class="b3">ῥεθο-μαλίδας</b>, after sch. on Χ 68 = <b class="b3">εὑπροσώπους</b>; litt. "with face-apples". As the meaning [[face]], [[countenance]], by gramm. given as Aeolic, is certain, we have to start from this in explaining the word. Both an older ep. meaning [[mouth]] and [[figure]], [[body]] seems possible; cf. e.g. Lat. [[ōs]] [[mouth]], [[face]], [[faciēs]] [[figure]], [[face]]; the plur. could be after <b class="b3">μέλεα</b>, <b class="b3">στήθεα</b>, <b class="b3">στέρνα</b>, <b class="b3">νῶτα</b> a.o. On the meaning in Hom. cf. Vivante Arch. glottol. it. 40, 41 f. -- An orig. mening <b class="b2">nostril(s)</b> fits excellently, and the transition to [[face]] or [[body]] is unproblematic.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: No convincing etymology. If we can trust the byform <b class="b3">ῥόθος</b> in EM 701, 34, the word must be IE and the <b class="b3">θ</b> must belong to the root [but this is doubtful]. Against connection with Skt. <b class="b2">várdhati</b> [[grow]] (to which a.o. Slav., e.g. Russ. [[rod]] [[lineage]], [[birh]], Czech. <b class="b2">ú-roda</b> [[figure]], [[beauty]]) as *figure (= 'Wuchs'), Frisk IF 49, 101 ff., tells, as Leumann l.c. rightly remarks, the lack of the <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b> (<b class="b3">β-</b>) in Aeol. <b class="b3">ῥέθος</b>. Diff. Fraenkel Glotta 32, 31 ff. (agreeing Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 190 n. 4): to <b class="b3">ῥίς</b>, <b class="b3">ῥέω</b>; neither morpholog. nor semant. convincing. -- An orig. mening <b class="b2">nostril(s)</b> fits excellently, and the transition to [[face]] or [[body]] is unproblematic.
|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[face]], [[countenance]] (S. Ant. 529, E. HF 1205 [both anap.], Theoc. 29, 16, Lyc. 1137), [[body]] (Lyc. 173), meaning un<b class="b3">χερταιν</b> (Sapph. 22, 3); pl. [[faces]] (A. R. 2, 68), [[limb]] (Theoc. 23, 39); older meaning unclear (<b class="b3">ἐκ ῥεθέων Π</b> 856 = Χ 362, Χ 68); cf. <b class="b3">ῥεθέων σπλάγχνων</b>, <b class="b3">μελῶν</b>, <b class="b3">σωμάτων</b> H.; sch. on Χ 68 proposes [[face]], [[mouth]], also [[nostrils]], the last of which is preferred by Leumann Hom. Wörter 218ff. (where older lit.) because of the plur. Cf. Snell, Entdeckung des Geistes 24-6, who demonstratess the transition from the literal meaning (a bodypart) to [[body]].<br />Compounds: As 1. member in Aeol. <b class="b3">ῥεθο-μαλίδας</b>, after sch. on Χ 68 = <b class="b3">εὑπροσώπους</b>; litt. "with face-apples". As the meaning [[face]], [[countenance]], by gramm. given as Aeolic, is certain, we have to start from this in explaining the word. Both an older ep. meaning [[mouth]] and [[figure]], [[body]] seems possible; cf. e.g. Lat. [[ōs]] [[mouth]], [[face]], [[faciēs]] [[figure]], [[face]]; the plur. could be after <b class="b3">μέλεα</b>, <b class="b3">στήθεα</b>, <b class="b3">στέρνα</b>, <b class="b3">νῶτα</b> a.o. On the meaning in Hom. cf. Vivante Arch. glottol. it. 40, 41 f. -- An orig. mening <b class="b2">nostril(s)</b> fits excellently, and the transition to [[face]] or [[body]] is unproblematic.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: No convincing etymology. If we can trust the byform <b class="b3">ῥόθος</b> in EM 701, 34, the word must be IE and the <b class="b3">θ</b> must belong to the root [but this is doubtful]. Against connection with Skt. <b class="b2">várdhati</b> [[grow]] (to which a.o. Slav., e.g. Russ. [[rod]] [[lineage]], [[birh]], Czech. <b class="b2">ú-roda</b> [[figure]], [[beauty]]) as *figure (= 'Wuchs'), Frisk IF 49, 101 ff., tells, as Leumann l.c. rightly remarks, the lack of the <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b> (<b class="b3">β-</b>) in Aeol. <b class="b3">ῥέθος</b>. Diff. Fraenkel Glotta 32, 31 ff. (agreeing Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 190 n. 4): to <b class="b3">ῥίς</b>, <b class="b3">ῥέω</b>; neither morpholog. nor semant. convincing. -- An orig. mening <b class="b2">nostril(s)</b> fits excellently, and the transition to [[face]] or [[body]] is unproblematic.
}}
{{mdlsj
|mdlsjtxt=[[ῥέθος]], ος, εος, τό,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> a [[limb]], in pl. the limbs, [[body]], Il.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> in sg. the [[face]], [[countenance]], Soph., Eur.
}}
}}

Revision as of 15:00, 9 January 2019

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: ῥέθος Medium diacritics: ῥέθος Low diacritics: ρέθος Capitals: ΡΕΘΟΣ
Transliteration A: rhéthos Transliteration B: rhethos Transliteration C: rethos Beta Code: r(e/qos

English (LSJ)

εος, τό,

   A limb, usu. in pl. ῥέθεα, limbs, ψυχὴ δ' ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη Il.16.856; ῥεθέων ἐκ θυμὸν ἕληται 22.68, cf. Theoc.23.39.    II in sg., face, countenance, S.Ant.529 (anap.), E.HF1204 (anap.), Theoc. 29.16: Aeol. in this sense acc. to Eust.1090.27; it occurs in broken context, Sapph.Supp.11.3.    2 body, Lyc.173.

German (Pape)

[Seite 837] τό, bei Hom. dreimal, im genit. plur. ῥεθέων: Iliad. 16, 856 und 22, 362 ψυχὴ δ' ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη Ἄιδόσδε βεβήκει, aus den Gliedern, aus dem Leibe; 22, 68 ἐπεί κέ τις ὀξέι χαλκῷ τύψας ἠὲ βαλὼν ῥεθέων ἐκ θυμὸν ἕληται; Scholl. Aristonic. 16, 856 ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι πάντα τὰ μέλη ῥέθη Ὅμηρος προσαγορεύει, οἱ δὲ Αἰολεῖς μόνον τὸ πρόσωπον, id. zu 22, 68 καὶ ὅτι ῥέθη πάντα τὰ μέλη, οἱ δὲ Αἰολεῖς τὸ πρόσωπον. Dies verwendete nämlich Aristarch für seinen Beweis, Homer sei kein Aeoler gewesen, s. die Recension von Lauers Gesch. der homer. Poesie in Jahns Jahrbb. 1853 Bd 67 Hft 3 S. 259. – Soph. Ant. 529 ῥέθος das Antlitz; Eur. Herc. F. 1204 ῥέθος das Antlitz; Theocr. 29, 16 ῥέθος das Antlitz; id. 23, 39 ἀμφίθες ἐκ ῥεθέων σῶν εἵματα καὶ κρύψον με, von deinem Leibe; Mosch. 4, 3 ἐπὶ ῥεθέεσσι, im Antlitz; Apoll. Rh. 2, 68 ἀνασχόμενοι ῥεθέων προπάροιθε βαρείας χεῖρας, die Antlitze; Lycophr. 173 ῥέθει, Leib. – Ableitung unbekannt.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ῥέθος: -εος, τό, μέλος τοῦ σώματος, ἐν τῷ πληθ., τὰ μέλη τοῦ σώματος, ψυχὴ δ’ ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη Ἰλ. Π. 856, Χ. 362· ῥεθέων ἐκ θυμὸν ἑλέσθαι Χ. 68· πρβλ. Θεόκρ. 23· 39. ΙΙ. ἐν τῷ ἑνικῷ, τὸ πρόσωπον, Σοφ. Ἀντ. 529, Εὐρ. Ἡρ. Μαιν. 1204. 2) τὸ σῶμα, Λυκόφρ. 73.

French (Bailly abrégé)

ion. -εος, att. -ους (τό) :
1 τὰ ῥέθη membre;
2 p. ext. visage, air, aspect.
Étymologie: DELG pas d’étym. en vue.

English (Autenrieth)

εος: pl., limbs. (Il.)

Greek Monolingual

-εος, τὸ, Α
1. το πρόσωποῥέθος ἀελίω δεῑξον», Ευρ.)
2. το σώμα
3. πληθ. τὰ ῥέθη
τα μέλη του σώματος («ψυχὴ δ' ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη», Ομ. Ιλ.).
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Άγνωστης ετυμολ. Η λ. ῥέθος απαντά αρχικά στην αιολ. λυρική ποίηση με τη σημ. «πρόσωπο» και με αυτήν τη σημ. χρησιμοποιήθηκε και στην τραγική ποίηση, αλλά και στο ομηρικό κείμενο στους στ. Π 856 και Χ 362. Η χρήση, όμως, του τ. ῥεθος στον στ. Χ 68 ἐπεὶ κέ τις ὀξέι χαλκῷ τύψας ἠέ βαλὼν ῥεθέων ἐκ θυμὸν ἕληται οδήγησε ορισμένους μελετητές στην υπόθεση ότι ο τ. ῥέθεα έχει τη σημ. «μέλη του σώματος». Ωστόσο, το χωρίο αυτό είναι γραμμένο από κάποιον πολύ μεταγενέστερο ραψωδό, ο οποίος, μη γνωρίζοντας τη σημ. της αιολ. αυτής λ., τήν θεώρησε ως συνώνυμη της λ. μέλος. Η σύγχυση αυτή προκλήθηκε λόγω τών ομοιοτήτων που παρουσίαζαν οι στίχοι: ὦκα δὲ θυμὸς ᾤχετ' ἀπὸ μελέων (Ν 671) και ψυχή δ' ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη Ἄϊδόσδε βεβήκει (Π 85β), όπου η λ. θυμός αντιστοιχεί με τη λ. ψυχή, οπότε και ο τ. ῥεθέων θεωρήθηκε ισοδύναμος προς το μελέων. Τέλος, οι συνδέσεις της λ. ῥέθος με το αρχ. ινδ. vardhati «μεγαλώνω, αυξάνομαι» ή με τους τ. ῥίς και ῥέω δεν θεωρούνται πιθανές].

Greek Monotonic

ῥέθος: -εος, τό,
I. μέλος του σώματος· στον πληθ., μέλη σώματος, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.
II. στον ενικ., πρόσωπο, όψη, παρουσιαστικό, έκφραση προσώπου, σε Σοφ., Ευρ.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

ῥέθος: εος τό
1) член, pl. тело (ψυχὴ δ᾽ ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη Hom.);
2) лицо (ῥ. αἱματόεν Soph.): ῥ. ἀελίῳ δεικνύναι Eur. показать солнцу, т. е. открыть (свой) лицо.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: face, countenance (S. Ant. 529, E. HF 1205 [both anap.], Theoc. 29, 16, Lyc. 1137), body (Lyc. 173), meaning unχερταιν (Sapph. 22, 3); pl. faces (A. R. 2, 68), limb (Theoc. 23, 39); older meaning unclear (ἐκ ῥεθέων Π 856 = Χ 362, Χ 68); cf. ῥεθέων σπλάγχνων, μελῶν, σωμάτων H.; sch. on Χ 68 proposes face, mouth, also nostrils, the last of which is preferred by Leumann Hom. Wörter 218ff. (where older lit.) because of the plur. Cf. Snell, Entdeckung des Geistes 24-6, who demonstratess the transition from the literal meaning (a bodypart) to body.
Compounds: As 1. member in Aeol. ῥεθο-μαλίδας, after sch. on Χ 68 = εὑπροσώπους; litt. "with face-apples". As the meaning face, countenance, by gramm. given as Aeolic, is certain, we have to start from this in explaining the word. Both an older ep. meaning mouth and figure, body seems possible; cf. e.g. Lat. ōs mouth, face, faciēs figure, face; the plur. could be after μέλεα, στήθεα, στέρνα, νῶτα a.o. On the meaning in Hom. cf. Vivante Arch. glottol. it. 40, 41 f. -- An orig. mening nostril(s) fits excellently, and the transition to face or body is unproblematic.
Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
Etymology: No convincing etymology. If we can trust the byform ῥόθος in EM 701, 34, the word must be IE and the θ must belong to the root [but this is doubtful]. Against connection with Skt. várdhati grow (to which a.o. Slav., e.g. Russ. rod lineage, birh, Czech. ú-roda figure, beauty) as *figure (= 'Wuchs'), Frisk IF 49, 101 ff., tells, as Leumann l.c. rightly remarks, the lack of the Ϝ- (β-) in Aeol. ῥέθος. Diff. Fraenkel Glotta 32, 31 ff. (agreeing Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 190 n. 4): to ῥίς, ῥέω; neither morpholog. nor semant. convincing. -- An orig. mening nostril(s) fits excellently, and the transition to face or body is unproblematic.

Middle Liddell

ῥέθος, ος, εος, τό,
I. a limb, in pl. the limbs, body, Il.
II. in sg. the face, countenance, Soph., Eur.