ἐλαία: Difference between revisions

From LSJ

ἀσκέειν, περὶ τὰ νουσήματα, δύο, ὠφελέειν, ἢ μὴ βλάπτειν → strive, with regard to diseases, for two things — to do good, or to do no harm | as to diseases, make a habit of two things — to help, or at least, to do no harm

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{{etym
{{etym
|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">the olive (tree)</b> (Od.), rare <b class="b3">ἔλαιος</b> (m.) <b class="b2">(wild) olive</b> (Pi. Fr. 46, S. Tr. 1197 );<br />Other forms: Att. also <b class="b3">ἐλάα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">ἐλαίη</b>. Cypr. <b class="b3">ἔλαιϜον</b> (Kadmos 3, 1965, 148).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[erawa]], <b class="b2">-wo</b> \/[[elaiwa]], <b class="b2">-won</b>\/.<br />Compounds: Because of the economic value of the oil and the olivetree there are many compounds, esp. since hellen. times. As 1. member <b class="b3">ἐλαιο-</b> refers not only to <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b>, but also to <b class="b3">ἐλαία</b>, e. g. <b class="b3">ἐλαιό-φυτος</b> <b class="b2">planted with olives</b> (A.). As 2. member in bahuvrihi, e. g. <b class="b3">ἄν-ελαιος</b> <b class="b2">without oil, olives</b> (Thphr., Str.); in determinatives, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀγρι-έλαιος</b> = <b class="b3">ἄγριος ἔλαιος</b> (Thpr. usw.), <b class="b3">χαμ-ελαία</b> <b class="b2">Daphne oleoides</b> (Nic.), cf. Risch IF 59, 257, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 110; <b class="b3">γλυκ-έλαιον</b> <b class="b2">sweet-oil</b>, <b class="b3">ὑδρ-έλαιον</b> "wateroil", i. e. <b class="b2">oil mixed with water</b> (late).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b> n. <b class="b2">olive-oil, oil in general</b> (Il.); on the pair <b class="b3">ἐλαία</b> (<b class="b3">-ος</b>) : <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b>, for the tree resp. the product, s. Wackernagel Syntax 2, 17, Schwyzer-Debrunner 30. Substantiva: <b class="b3">ἐλαΐς</b> f., acc. pl. <b class="b3">ἐλᾳ̃δας</b> <b class="b2">olive-trees</b> (Att.; s. Chantr. Form. 344), diminut. <b class="b3">ἐλᾳδιον</b> (<b class="b3">-ίδιον</b>) <b class="b2">small olive-tree</b>, also (from <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b>) <b class="b2">a little oil</b> (Com., pap.); <b class="b3">ἐλαιών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. <b class="b2">thicket of olives</b> (LXX, pap. ), <b class="b2">the olive mountain</b> (NT, J.), diminut. <b class="b3">ἐλαιωνίδιον</b> (pap.); <b class="b3">ἐλαιεύς</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Chalkis; s. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 21f.). Adj. <b class="b3">ἐλαίϊνος</b>, <b class="b3">ἐλάϊνος</b> <b class="b2">of olive -wood, belonging to the olive</b> (Il.), <b class="b2">of olive-oil</b> (Orph. L. 717); <b class="b3">-ίνεος</b> <b class="b2">of olive-wood</b> (ι 320 and 394; metrically easy contamination of <b class="b3">-ινος</b> and <b class="b3">-εος</b>, Risch Wortbildung 122, Schmid -εος und -ειος 38); <b class="b3">ἐλαϊκός</b> <b class="b2">of olive</b> (Aristeas, pap.); <b class="b3">ἐλαιηρός</b> <b class="b2">regarding oil</b> (Hp., Pl., pap. ; s. Chantraine 232); <b class="b3">ἐλαιώδης</b> [[oily]] (Hp., Arist.); <b class="b3">ἐλαιήεις</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the olive</b> (S.; on the formation Schwyzer 527). Denomin. verbs: <b class="b3">ἐλαΐζω</b> <b class="b2">cultivate olives</b> with <b class="b3">ἐλαιστήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-τής</b> <b class="b2">collector of olives</b> (Poll.) and <b class="b3">ἐλαιστήριον</b> <b class="b2">olive-press</b> (Mylasa); <b class="b3">ἐλαιόομαι</b> <b class="b2">be oiled</b> (Arist.) with <b class="b3">ἐλαίωσις</b> (Zos. Alch.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Lat. [[olīva]], from Greek, proves a basic <b class="b3">*ἐλαίϜα</b>, with <b class="b3">*ἔλαιϜον</b> to Lat. [[oleum]]. From Latin all European forms (s. W.-Hofmann 2, 205f.). On itself Arm. [[ewɫ]] [[oil]], which comes together with <b class="b3">ἐλαία</b>, <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b> from a Mediterranaean source (Crete?, s. W.-Hofmann s. v.). See Bq. - The word is no doubt a Pre-Greek word.
|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">the olive (tree)</b> (Od.), rare <b class="b3">ἔλαιος</b> (m.) <b class="b2">(wild) olive</b> (Pi. Fr. 46, S. Tr. 1197 );<br />Other forms: Att. also <b class="b3">ἐλάα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">ἐλαίη</b>. Cypr. <b class="b3">ἔλαιϜον</b> (Kadmos 3, 1965, 148).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[erawa]], <b class="b2">-wo</b> \/[[elaiwa]], <b class="b2">-won</b>\/.<br />Compounds: Because of the economic value of the oil and the olivetree there are many compounds, esp. since hellen. times. As 1. member <b class="b3">ἐλαιο-</b> refers not only to <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b>, but also to <b class="b3">ἐλαία</b>, e. g. <b class="b3">ἐλαιό-φυτος</b> <b class="b2">planted with olives</b> (A.). As 2. member in bahuvrihi, e. g. <b class="b3">ἄν-ελαιος</b> <b class="b2">without oil, olives</b> (Thphr., Str.); in determinatives, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀγρι-έλαιος</b> = <b class="b3">ἄγριος ἔλαιος</b> (Thpr. usw.), <b class="b3">χαμ-ελαία</b> <b class="b2">Daphne oleoides</b> (Nic.), cf. Risch IF 59, 257, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 110; <b class="b3">γλυκ-έλαιον</b> <b class="b2">sweet-oil</b>, <b class="b3">ὑδρ-έλαιον</b> "wateroil", i. e. <b class="b2">oil mixed with water</b> (late).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b> n. <b class="b2">olive-oil, oil in general</b> (Il.); on the pair <b class="b3">ἐλαία</b> (<b class="b3">-ος</b>) : <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b>, for the tree resp. the product, s. Wackernagel Syntax 2, 17, Schwyzer-Debrunner 30. Substantiva: <b class="b3">ἐλαΐς</b> f., acc. pl. <b class="b3">ἐλᾳ̃δας</b> <b class="b2">olive-trees</b> (Att.; s. Chantr. Form. 344), diminut. <b class="b3">ἐλᾳδιον</b> (<b class="b3">-ίδιον</b>) <b class="b2">small olive-tree</b>, also (from <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b>) <b class="b2">a little oil</b> (Com., pap.); <b class="b3">ἐλαιών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. <b class="b2">thicket of olives</b> (LXX, pap. ), <b class="b2">the olive mountain</b> (NT, J.), diminut. <b class="b3">ἐλαιωνίδιον</b> (pap.); <b class="b3">ἐλαιεύς</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Chalkis; s. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 21f.). Adj. <b class="b3">ἐλαίϊνος</b>, <b class="b3">ἐλάϊνος</b> <b class="b2">of olive -wood, belonging to the olive</b> (Il.), <b class="b2">of olive-oil</b> (Orph. L. 717); <b class="b3">-ίνεος</b> <b class="b2">of olive-wood</b> (ι 320 and 394; metrically easy contamination of <b class="b3">-ινος</b> and <b class="b3">-εος</b>, Risch Wortbildung 122, Schmid -εος und -ειος 38); <b class="b3">ἐλαϊκός</b> <b class="b2">of olive</b> (Aristeas, pap.); <b class="b3">ἐλαιηρός</b> <b class="b2">regarding oil</b> (Hp., Pl., pap. ; s. Chantraine 232); <b class="b3">ἐλαιώδης</b> [[oily]] (Hp., Arist.); <b class="b3">ἐλαιήεις</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the olive</b> (S.; on the formation Schwyzer 527). Denomin. verbs: <b class="b3">ἐλαΐζω</b> <b class="b2">cultivate olives</b> with <b class="b3">ἐλαιστήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-τής</b> <b class="b2">collector of olives</b> (Poll.) and <b class="b3">ἐλαιστήριον</b> <b class="b2">olive-press</b> (Mylasa); <b class="b3">ἐλαιόομαι</b> <b class="b2">be oiled</b> (Arist.) with <b class="b3">ἐλαίωσις</b> (Zos. Alch.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Lat. [[olīva]], from Greek, proves a basic <b class="b3">*ἐλαίϜα</b>, with <b class="b3">*ἔλαιϜον</b> to Lat. [[oleum]]. From Latin all European forms (s. W.-Hofmann 2, 205f.). On itself Arm. [[ewɫ]] [[oil]], which comes together with <b class="b3">ἐλαία</b>, <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b> from a Mediterranaean source (Crete?, s. W.-Hofmann s. v.). See Bq. - The word is no doubt a Pre-Greek word.
}}
{{mdlsj
|mdlsjtxt=<br /><b class="num">I.</b> the [[olive]]-[[tree]], Lat. [[olea]], [[oliva]], Hom., etc.; said to [[have]] been produced by [[Athena]] in her [[contest]] with [[Poseidon]], Hdt., Soph.; φέρεσθαι ἐκτὸς τῶν ἐλαῶν to run [[beyond]] the olives, [[which]] stood at the end of the Athenian [[race]]-[[course]], i. e. to go too far, Ar.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> the [[fruit]] of the [[olive]]-[[tree]], an [[olive]], Ar.
}}
}}

Revision as of 22:05, 9 January 2019

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: ἐλαία Medium diacritics: ἐλαία Low diacritics: ελαία Capitals: ΕΛΑΙΑ
Transliteration A: elaía Transliteration B: elaia Transliteration C: elaia Beta Code: e)lai/a

English (LSJ)

Att. ἐλάα, ἡ,

   A olive-tree, Hom., esp. in Od., 11.590, al.; ἱερὴ ἐ. 13.372, cf. Pi.O.3.13, Hdt.8.55, S.OC701 (lyr.), etc.; ἡμέρη ἐλαίη Hdt.5.82 (opp. ἀγρία ἐ. or κότινος) φέρεσθαι ἐκτὸς τῶν ἐλαῶν to run beyond the olives, which stood at the end of the Athenian racecourse, i.e. to go too far, Ar.Ra.995, ubi v. Sch.; of the Indian Olea cuspidata, Thphr.HP4.4.11.    2 variety of δάφνη 111, ib.4.7.2, Str.16.3.6.    II olive, Ar.Ach.550, Pl.R.372c, D.18.262, Dsc. 1.119, etc.—Acc. to Gramm. ἐλάα was the proper form in this sense, ἐλαία in the first; but ἐλάα is simply the Att. form, cf. IG12.94.33, 2.476.21, 1055.36 (also PHal.1.98 (iii B.C.), etc.).    III naevus on the skin, Melamp.p.508F.    IV = δίφρου Κυρηναϊκοῦ μέρος, Hsch. [In ἐλάα, the penult. is long, E.Fr.360.46, Ar.Ach.550, Pax 578, Av.617, etc.; but ἐλᾰῶν in Alex.261.3 (where perh. ἐλῶν—ἐλᾶς is acknowledged by Ael.Dion.Fr.162, and found in PRyl.97.7 (ii A.D.), ἐλᾶν in 130.11 (i A.D.)—should be restored), and ᾰ in ἐλάη, AP4.2.12 (Phil.), 6.102 (Id.).]

German (Pape)

[Seite 788] ἡ, ion. ἐλαίη, = ἐλάα, 1) Olivenbaum, Od. 11, 589 u. öfter, sonst bei Tragg. u. a. D.; auch in att. Prosa, Xen. An. 6, 2, 6; Dem. 43, 69; später die allein übliche Form. Er heißt bei Hom. τανύφυλλος, θηλεθόωσα, ἱερή, weil er der Athene heilig war; χρυσέα Pind. Ol. 10, 13; ξανθή Aesch. Pers. 617; γλαυκή Soph. O. C. 698 u. öfter. – 2) bei Sp. auch Frucht des Oelbaums, Olive, Plut. – 3) ein Flecken in der Haut, Sp.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ἐλαία: Ἀττ. ἐλάα ἴδε ἐν τέλ., ἡ, «ἐλῃά», ἐλαιόδενδρον, Ὁμ., μάλιστα ἐν Ὀδ., ὡς Λ. 590˙ δένδρον καθιερωμένον τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ, ἥτις λέγεται ὅτι πρώτη αὐτὴ ἐφύτευσεν αὐτὸ ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ, κατὰ τοὺς μὲν ἐν Κολωνῷ, κατ’ ἄλλους δὲ ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ Ἀκροπόλει Ἀθηνῶν, Σοφ. Ο. Κ. 701 κἑξ., πρβλ. Ἡρόδ. 5. 82˙ ἴδε ἐν λ. μορία˙ ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ ἱερὴ ἐλαίη ἔτι καὶ ἐν τοῖς χρόνοις τοῦ Ὁμήρου, Ὀδ. Ν. 372˙ κατά τινα δὲ ἀρχαῖον μῦθον ἐκομίσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους ἐκ τῆς χώρας τῶν Ὑπερβορείων, Πινδ. Ο. 3. 24˙ κἑξ. Παυσ. 5. 7, 7˙ περὶ δὲ τοῦ Ἀττ. μύθου, καθ’ ὃν ἡ ἐλαία παρήχθη ὑπὸ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς κατὰ τὴν μεταξὺ αὐτῆς καὶ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἔριδα, ἴδε Ἡρόδ. 8. 55, Ἀπολλόδ. 3. 14, κτλ.: - ἡμέρη ἐλαίη, Λατ. felix oliva, Ἡρόδ. 5. 82 (ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τὸ ἀγρία ἐλ. ἢ κότινος): ἐπίθετα αὐτῆς εἶναι, χρυσέα, ξανθὴ Πινδ. Ο. 11 (10), 13, Αἰσχύλ. Πέρσ. 617 (τὸ τοῦ Οὐεργιλίου flava oliva)˙ καὶ πρὸ πάντων γλαυκή, ἴδε ἐν λ. γλαυκός, τοὺς κλάδους αὐτῆς μετεχειρίζοντο οἱ ἱκέται, ἴδε πρὸ πάντων Αἰσχύλ. Εὐμ. 43, Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 3, κτλ. μόνον ὅπως μή σ’ ὁ θυμὸς ἁρπάσας ἐκτὸς οἴσει τῶν ἐλαιῶν, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐκτὸς τοῦ προκειμένου, «ἐν τῷ τέλει τοῦ τόπου οὗ ἐτελεῖτο ὁ δρόμος, ἐλαῖαι στοιχηδὸν ἵστανται, οὖσαι κατάντημα τοῦ δρόμου, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐπέκεινα τούτων ἐχώρει˙ ὅστις οὖν πέρα τοῦ δέοντος ἔπραττέ τι, ἔλεγον ὡς ἐκτὸς τῶν ἐλαιῶν φέρεται˙ ἐπεκράτησε δὲ εἰς παροιμίαν» (Σχόλ.) Ἀριστοφ. Βάτρ. 995. ΙΙ. ὁ καρπὸς τοῦ ἐλαιοδένδρου, «ἐλῃά», Ἀριστοφ. Ἀχ. 550. - Κατὰ τοὺς Γραμμ. ἐλάα ἦτο κυρίως ὁ καρπός, ἐλαία δὲ τὸ δένδρον, Σουΐδ., Ζωναρ. 684 886, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἐλάα εἶναι ἁπλῶς ὁ Ἀττικὸς τύπος, «ἐλάα καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ καρποῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ δένδρου κρεῖττον ἢ ἐλαία» Θωμ. Μάγ. Σ. 292 ἴδε Συλλ Ἐπιγρ. 93. 41 κἑξ., 123. 21: - μεταφ. ἐλαία ἐν τῷ σώματι τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, κοινῶς ἐλῃά, Μαλ. 138, 21 κλ. ἐν τῷ τύπῳ ἐλάα, ἡ παραλήγουσα εἶναι μακρά, Εὐρ. Ἀποσπ. 362. 46, Ἀριστοφ. Αχ. 550. Εἰρ. 578, Ὄρν. 617, κτλ., καὶ ὁ Δινδ ἀποκαθιστᾷ τὸν τύπον τοῦτον παρὰ τῷ Αἰσχύλ. καὶ Σοφ.˙ ἀλλὰ τὸ ἐλαῶν ἐν Ἀλέξ. Ἀδήλ. 1 ἔχει τὸ α βραχὺ (ἔνθα ἴσως γραπτέον ἐλῶν - ὅπερ εἶναι τύπος ἀναγνωριζόμενος ὐπὸ Αἰλ. Διον. παρ’ Εὐστ. 1944 8-) οὕτω καὶ τὸ ἐλάη, ἐν Ἀνθ. Π. 4. 2., 6 102. (Ἡ ῥίζα φαίνεται ὑπάρχουσα ἐν τῇ Σανσκρ. √ li (lique-facere), Κούρτ. ἀρ. 528: - ἐκ τοῦ ἐλαίαἔλαιον πιθανῶς παράγονται ἅπαντες οἱ σῳζόμενοι τύποι, Λατ. olea, oliva, oleum, olivum·Ϗ Γοτθ. alev, Παλαιο-Σκανδιν. olea or olia, Ἀγγλο-Σαξον. œl (oil)Ϗ Παλ. Ὑψηλ. Γερμ. olei (öl)Ϗ κτλ.).

French (Bailly abrégé)

ας (ἡ) :
1 olivier, arbre;
2 postér. olive.
Étymologie: pour ἐλαίϜα, lat. oliva.
Syn. ἐλάα, ἐλαΐς, μορία.

English (Slater)

ἐλαία (ἐλαίας, -ᾳ; -ᾶν)
   1 olive γαίᾳ δὲ καυθείσᾳ πυρὶ καρπὸς ἐλαίας ἔμολεν Ἥρας τὸν εὐάνορα λαὸν (τοῖς γὰρ ἀθληταῖς τοῖς τὰ Παναθήναια νενικηκόσι δίδοται ὑδρία ἐλαίου πλήρης. Σ.) (N. 10.35) esp. olive wreath the victor's prize in the Olympic games ἀμφὶ κόμαισι βάλῃ γλαυκόχροα κόσμον ἐλαίας (O. 3.13) ἐλαίᾳ στεφανωθεις Πισάτιδι (O. 4.11) ἐπὶ στεφάνῳ χρυσέας ἐλαίας (O. 11.13) λαὸν θαμὰ δὴ καὶ Ὀλυμπιάδων φύλλοις ἐλαιᾶν χρυσέοις μιχθέντα (N. 1.17) olive wood σκάπτῳ θενὼν σκληρᾶς ἐλαίας (O. 7.29)

Spanish (DGE)

-ας, ἡ

• Alolema(s): jón. ἐλαίη Hp.Mul.1.51; ἐλάη [ᾰ] AP 4.2 (Phil.); ἐλάα Alc.296(b).2, IG 13.422.133 (V a.C.), Arist.GA 755b11

• Morfología: [sg. ac. ἐλέην AP 15.11, gen. ἐλαίης Il.17.53, ἐλᾶς PRyl.97.7 (II d.C.); plu. ac. ἐλάας Ar.Fr.148, lesb. ἐλάαις Alc.l.c., gen. ἐλᾱῶν Ar.Ach.550, ἐλᾰῶν Alex.263.3, ἐλᾶν PRyl.130.11 (I d.C.)]
I bot.
1 olivo, Olea europaea L.
a) gener. τρέφει ἔρνος ἀνὴρ ... ἐλαίης Il.l.c., τανύφυλλος ἐ. Od.13.346, ὁ δ' (θάμνος) ἐλαίης Od.5.477, ἐλαῖαι τηλεθόωσαι florecientes olivos, Od.7.116, θάμνος ἔφυ ... ἐλαίης del olivo a partir del cual Odiseo construyó su lecho Od.23.190, πὰρ ἐλάαις ἐροέσσα[ις Alc.l.c., παιδοτρόφος ... ἐ. olivo que cría a nuestros hijos S.OC 701, δένδρεα ... ἐλαίας Emp.B 79, cf. Ar.Au.617, φυτευτε̄́ρια ἐλαōν IG 13.84.33 (V a.C.), D.53.15, τᾶς ... ἐλαίας τὸν θαλλόν Theoc.4.44, ἐλαίαν πεφυκέναι brotar un olivo Artem.4.48, 5.18, ἐλαίας ... κόκκος D.P.Au.3.13
ἡμέρη ἐ. olivo cultivado op. al silvestre, Hdt.5.82, al κότινος o ‘acebuche’, Arist.l.c.;
b) mit., sacral, introducido por Heracles desde los Hiperbóreos, Pi.O.3.13, Pediasim.9, ἱερὴ ... ἐ. olivo sagrado junto a la gruta de las Ninfas Od.13.372, νηός, ἐν τῷ ἐ. del olivo de la Acrópolis, Hdt.8.55, cf. E.Fr.360.46, Apollod.3.14.1, Paus.1.24.3, 27.2, en Delos γενέθλιον ἔρνος ἐλαίης Call.Del.262, cf. Paus.8.23.5, de Lindos AP 15.11, en dif. recintos sagrados τάς τε ἐλάας ἐκκόπτοντες τοῦ τεμένους Th.6.99, καλλίνικος ἡλαίη olivo de hermosa victoria en su disputa con el laurel, Call.Fr.194.87, como referencia local μή σ' ὁ θυμὸς ... ἐκτὸς οἴσει τῶν ἐλαῶν que la pasión no te lleve más allá de los olivos que marcaban el límite del hipódromo ateniense, Ar.Ra.995;
c) de sus ramas u hojas, como símbolo de la victoria en los Juegos περὶ κ[ρατὶ] ... ἄνδημ' ἐλαίας en torno a su cabeza la guirnalda de olivo B.8.30, cf. Call.Fr.384.42, como adorno ἀνέστεφον ἐλαίᾳ καὶ δάφνῃ τὰς θύρας para la ceremonia nupcial, Plu.2.755a, en coronas, Paus.5.11.1, 16.3, AP 4.2 (Phil.), usada como planta medicinal ἐλαίης τὰ ἁπαλὰ φύλλα Hp.l.c., en sacrificios τιθέασι δὲ καὶ κλῶνας ἐλαίας Paus.5.15.10, en prácticas mágicas PMag.4.1229, 7.213;
d) en la trad. judeo-crist. εἶχε φύλλον ἐλαίας la paloma que anunció a Noé el fin del diluvio, LXX Ge.8.11, cf. Chrys.M.53.235, como símbolo de la paz, Cyr.Al.M.69.72B.
2 ἀγρία ἐ. acebuche, olivo silvestre, Olea silvestris Brot., Dsc.1.105.5; cf. ἀγριελαία.
3 olivo indio, Olea ferruginea Royle (= Olea cuspidata Wall.), cuyo fruto no produce aceite, Thphr.HP 4.4.11.
4 olivo del Mar Rojo o mangle negro, Avicennia officinalis L., Thphr.HP 4.7.1, Str.16.3.6, cf. δάφνη 3.
5 Αἰθιοπικὴ ἐ. olivo etíope que produce una goma medicinal, prob. Olea capensis L., Dsc.1.105.6.
II como fruto
1 aceituna u oliva ἐ] λαōν σ[τ] άμνοι IG l.c., como parte de la dieta y aprovisionamiento básico, Ar.Ach.550, Pax 578, Mnesim.4.29, ἅλας ... καὶ ἐλάας καὶ τυρόν Pl.R.372c, cf. D.18.262, Aen.Tact.29.6, IG 22.1013.21 (II a.C.), Vett.Val.387.2, PCustoms 473.5 (III d.C.)
en diferentes clases y formas de conservación ἐλαῶν γένη clases de aceitunas Alex.l.c., θλασταὶ ἐλάαι aceitunas machacadas Ar.Fr.408, Diph.14.5, δρυπεπεῖς ἐλᾶαι aceitunas maduradas en el árbol, aceitunas moradas Eup.338, Chionid.7, Archestr.SHell.138, ἐ. μέλαινα aceituna negra, BGU 603.18 en BL 1.55 (II d.C.), 2483.8, PSI 33.16, POxy.1631.23 (todos III d.C.), ἁλμάς ἐ. aceitunas en salmuera Ar.Fr.148.2, cf. Dsc.1.119, ἐλαίας ἐσθίειν Hierocl.Facet.105
ref. a producción, cosecha ἔαρος μεσοῦντος ... τὰς δ' ἐλαίας ἐν ᾧ χρόνῳ βρύειν εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτὰς ἐλαίας ἐνεγκεῖν en mitad de la primavera, en el tiempo en que lo lógico era que los olivos echen renuevos, producen propiamente aceitunas en ciertas regiones, Theopomp.Hist.237a, τὸν δὲ κατασπασμὸν τῆς ἐλᾶς ποησόμεθα haremos la recolección de la aceituna, PRyl.97.7 (II d.C.), cf. 130.11 (I d.C.)
distinciones aticistas y tard. ἐλαία καὶ ἐλάα καὶ ἐλᾶ· Ἀττικῶς ὁ τῆς ἐλαίας καρπός Ael.Dion.ε 29, ἐλαία· τὸ δένδρον. ἐλάα δὲ ὁ καρπός Sud., cf. Zonar.
2 fig. lunar en forma de oliva, Melamp.Naeu.p.508.
III ἐλαία· δίφρου Κυρηναϊκοῦ μέρος Hsch. • DMic.: e-ra-wa.

• Etimología: De origen pregriego, cf. mic. erawa, chipr. ἐλαίϝα de donde el préstamo lat. oliva.

English (Strong)

feminine of a presumed derivative from an obsolete primary; an olive (the tree or the fruit): olive (berry, tree).

English (Thayer)

ἐλαίας, ἡ (from Homer down), the Sept. for זַיִת;
1. an olive tree: τό ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν (for הַזֵּיתִים הַר, the Mount of Olives, so called from the multitude of olive-trees which grew upon it, distant from Jerusalem (Josephus, Antiquities 20,8, 6) five stadia eastward (cf. Winer s RWB, under the word Oelberg; Arnold in Herzog x., p. 549ff; Furrer in Schenkel iv. 354 f; (Grove and Porter in BB. DD.)): (on ἐλαιῶν).
2. an olive, the fruit of the olive-tree: James 3:12.

Greek Monolingual

και ελιά, η (AM ἐλαία, Α. αττ. τ. ἐλάα)
βλ. ελιά.

Greek Monotonic

ἐλαία: Αττ. ἐλάα[ᾱᾱ], ἡ,
I. ελαιόδεντρο, Λατ. olea, η ελιά, σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· λέγεται ότι είχε δημιουργηθεί από τη θεά Αθηνά κατά τη διάρκεια της διαμάχης της με τον Ποσειδώνα, σε Ηρόδ., Σοφ.· φέρεσθαι ἐκτὸς τῶν ἐλαῶν, τρέχω μακρύτερα από τις ελιές, οι οποίες βρίσκονταν στο τέρμα του αθηναϊκού ιπποδρόμου, δηλ. πηγαίνω πολύ μακριά, σε Αριστοφ.
II. ο καρπός του ελαιόδεντρου, στον ίδ.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

ἐλαία: ион. ἐλαίη
1) масличное дерево, олива Hom. etc.;
2) маслина (плод) Arst., Plut.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: f.
Meaning: the olive (tree) (Od.), rare ἔλαιος (m.) (wild) olive (Pi. Fr. 46, S. Tr. 1197 );
Other forms: Att. also ἐλάα, Ion. ἐλαίη. Cypr. ἔλαιϜον (Kadmos 3, 1965, 148).
Dialectal forms: Myc. erawa, -wo \/elaiwa, -won\/.
Compounds: Because of the economic value of the oil and the olivetree there are many compounds, esp. since hellen. times. As 1. member ἐλαιο- refers not only to ἔλαιον, but also to ἐλαία, e. g. ἐλαιό-φυτος planted with olives (A.). As 2. member in bahuvrihi, e. g. ἄν-ελαιος without oil, olives (Thphr., Str.); in determinatives, e. g. ἀγρι-έλαιος = ἄγριος ἔλαιος (Thpr. usw.), χαμ-ελαία Daphne oleoides (Nic.), cf. Risch IF 59, 257, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 110; γλυκ-έλαιον sweet-oil, ὑδρ-έλαιον "wateroil", i. e. oil mixed with water (late).
Derivatives: ἔλαιον n. olive-oil, oil in general (Il.); on the pair ἐλαία (-ος) : ἔλαιον, for the tree resp. the product, s. Wackernagel Syntax 2, 17, Schwyzer-Debrunner 30. Substantiva: ἐλαΐς f., acc. pl. ἐλᾳ̃δας olive-trees (Att.; s. Chantr. Form. 344), diminut. ἐλᾳδιον (-ίδιον) small olive-tree, also (from ἔλαιον) a little oil (Com., pap.); ἐλαιών, -ῶνος m. thicket of olives (LXX, pap. ), the olive mountain (NT, J.), diminut. ἐλαιωνίδιον (pap.); ἐλαιεύς id. (Chalkis; s. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf -ευς 21f.). Adj. ἐλαίϊνος, ἐλάϊνος of olive -wood, belonging to the olive (Il.), of olive-oil (Orph. L. 717); -ίνεος of olive-wood (ι 320 and 394; metrically easy contamination of -ινος and -εος, Risch Wortbildung 122, Schmid -εος und -ειος 38); ἐλαϊκός of olive (Aristeas, pap.); ἐλαιηρός regarding oil (Hp., Pl., pap. ; s. Chantraine 232); ἐλαιώδης oily (Hp., Arist.); ἐλαιήεις belonging to the olive (S.; on the formation Schwyzer 527). Denomin. verbs: ἐλαΐζω cultivate olives with ἐλαιστήρ, -τής collector of olives (Poll.) and ἐλαιστήριον olive-press (Mylasa); ἐλαιόομαι be oiled (Arist.) with ἐλαίωσις (Zos. Alch.).
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
Etymology: Lat. olīva, from Greek, proves a basic *ἐλαίϜα, with *ἔλαιϜον to Lat. oleum. From Latin all European forms (s. W.-Hofmann 2, 205f.). On itself Arm. ewɫ oil, which comes together with ἐλαία, ἔλαιον from a Mediterranaean source (Crete?, s. W.-Hofmann s. v.). See Bq. - The word is no doubt a Pre-Greek word.

Middle Liddell


I. the olive-tree, Lat. olea, oliva, Hom., etc.; said to have been produced by Athena in her contest with Poseidon, Hdt., Soph.; φέρεσθαι ἐκτὸς τῶν ἐλαῶν to run beyond the olives, which stood at the end of the Athenian race-course, i. e. to go too far, Ar.
II. the fruit of the olive-tree, an olive, Ar.