ἐρέτης: Difference between revisions
ἄλογον δὴ τὸ μήτε μάχης ἄρξασθαι μήτε τοὺς φίλους φυλάξαι, ἐὰν ὑπό γε τῶν βαρβάρων ἀδικῆσθε → It is irrational neither to begin battle nor to guard the friends, if you are ever wronged by the foreigners
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[rower]] (Il.),<br />Other forms: myk. <b class="b2">e-re-ta</b>; [[eree]] \/[[erehen]]\/ Perpillou, Minos 9\/2,1968, 208-212.<br />Compounds: As 2. member in <b class="b3">ὑπ-ηρέτης</b>, s. v.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἐρετικός</b> <b class="b2">concerning the rowers</b> (Att.); collective abstrakt <b class="b3">εἰρεσίη</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> (<b class="b3">εἰ-</b> metr. lengthening, maintained in prose) <b class="b2">the rowers</b> (Od.); denomin. verb <b class="b3">ἐρέσσω</b>, rare Att. <b class="b3">ἐρέττω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">ἐρέσ(σ)αι</b> [[row]] (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 725). - Beside these the noun instr. <b class="b3">ἐρετμόν</b> n. [[oar]] (Il.) with <b class="b3">ἐρετμόω</b> <b class="b2">complete with oars</b> (E.), PN <b class="b3">Ἐρετμεύς</b> (θ 111; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 121). - Here also the PN <b class="b3">Ἐρέτρια</b> as "the rowing (town)". - On themselves the nouns in <b class="b3">-ηρης</b> and <b class="b3">-ερος</b>, <b class="b3">-ορος</b> like <b class="b3">τρι-ήρης</b> <b class="b2">three-rower</b> (Ion.-Att.), <b class="b3">ἁλι-ήρης</b> <b class="b2">rowing the sea</b> (<b class="b3">κώπη</b> E. Hek. 455 [lyr.]), <b class="b3">πεντηκόντερος</b>, <b class="b3">πεντηκόντ-ορος</b> <b class="b2">fifty-rower</b> (Ion.-Att.), s. below.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [338] <b class="b2">*h₁erh₁-</b>, <b class="b2">h₁reh₁-</b> [[row]]<br />Etymology: The agent noun <b class="b3">ἐρέ-της</b> points like the synonymous Skt. <b class="b2">ari-tár-</b> (= Gr. <b class="b3">*ἐρε-τήρ</b> (<b class="b2">*h₁erh₁-</b>) in <b class="b3">Ἐρέτρ-ια</b>) to a disyllabic primary verb [[row]], which in Greek was replaced by the denominative <b class="b3">ἐρέσσω</b> (uncertain Myc. <b class="b2">e-re-e</b>), but is present in other languages: Lith. <b class="b2">iriù</b>, <b class="b2">ìrti</b> (with acute, agreeing with disyllabic <b class="b3">ἐρε-</b>, < <b class="b2">*h₁r̥h₁-</b>), Germ., e. g. ONo. [[rōa]], Celt., e. g. OIr. <b class="b2">imb-rā</b> [[row]], [[sail]] (IE <b class="b2">rō-</b> against <b class="b2">rē-</b> (i. e. <b class="b2">*h₁reh₁- *h₁roh₁-</b>) in Lat. [[rēmus]], cf. below). Traces of this verb in Greek in <b class="b3">τρι-ήρης</b> <b class="b2">three-rower</b> etc. (with compositional lengthening and ending after the <b class="b3">σ-</b>stems), <b class="b3">πεντηκόντ-ερος</b>, <b class="b3">-ορος</b> <b class="b2">fifty-rower</b> etc. (after the <b class="b3">ο-</b>stems, also with <b class="b3">-ο-</b> after <b class="b3">-γονος</b>, <b class="b3">-φορος</b> a. o.; not with J. Schmidt KZ 32, 327 vowel-harmony). Perhaps with <b class="b3">το-</b>suffix (Lesb.) <b class="b3">τέρρητον τριήρης</b> H., if with Brugmann IF 13, 152f. haplological for <b class="b3">*τερρ-έρητον</b> < <b class="b3">*τρι-έρητον</b>, cf. Schwyzer 274. - On influence of <b class="b3">ἐρέτης</b> rests prob. the form <b class="b3">ἐρετμόν</b> against Skt. <b class="b2">arí-tr-a-</b> [[oar]] (from <b class="b2">ari-tár-</b>), Lat. [[rēmus]] (formation unclear). - Details in Schwyzer KZ 63, 52ff., Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 3f.; further Pok. 338, W.-Hofmann s. [[rēmus]]. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[rower]] (Il.),<br />Other forms: myk. <b class="b2">e-re-ta</b>; [[eree]] \/[[erehen]]\/ Perpillou, Minos 9\/2,1968, 208-212.<br />Compounds: As 2. member in <b class="b3">ὑπ-ηρέτης</b>, s. v.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἐρετικός</b> <b class="b2">concerning the rowers</b> (Att.); collective abstrakt <b class="b3">εἰρεσίη</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> (<b class="b3">εἰ-</b> metr. lengthening, maintained in prose) <b class="b2">the rowers</b> (Od.); denomin. verb <b class="b3">ἐρέσσω</b>, rare Att. <b class="b3">ἐρέττω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">ἐρέσ(σ)αι</b> [[row]] (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 725). - Beside these the noun instr. <b class="b3">ἐρετμόν</b> n. [[oar]] (Il.) with <b class="b3">ἐρετμόω</b> <b class="b2">complete with oars</b> (E.), PN <b class="b3">Ἐρετμεύς</b> (θ 111; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 121). - Here also the PN <b class="b3">Ἐρέτρια</b> as "the rowing (town)". - On themselves the nouns in <b class="b3">-ηρης</b> and <b class="b3">-ερος</b>, <b class="b3">-ορος</b> like <b class="b3">τρι-ήρης</b> <b class="b2">three-rower</b> (Ion.-Att.), <b class="b3">ἁλι-ήρης</b> <b class="b2">rowing the sea</b> (<b class="b3">κώπη</b> E. Hek. 455 [lyr.]), <b class="b3">πεντηκόντερος</b>, <b class="b3">πεντηκόντ-ορος</b> <b class="b2">fifty-rower</b> (Ion.-Att.), s. below.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [338] <b class="b2">*h₁erh₁-</b>, <b class="b2">h₁reh₁-</b> [[row]]<br />Etymology: The agent noun <b class="b3">ἐρέ-της</b> points like the synonymous Skt. <b class="b2">ari-tár-</b> (= Gr. <b class="b3">*ἐρε-τήρ</b> (<b class="b2">*h₁erh₁-</b>) in <b class="b3">Ἐρέτρ-ια</b>) to a disyllabic primary verb [[row]], which in Greek was replaced by the denominative <b class="b3">ἐρέσσω</b> (uncertain Myc. <b class="b2">e-re-e</b>), but is present in other languages: Lith. <b class="b2">iriù</b>, <b class="b2">ìrti</b> (with acute, agreeing with disyllabic <b class="b3">ἐρε-</b>, < <b class="b2">*h₁r̥h₁-</b>), Germ., e. g. ONo. [[rōa]], Celt., e. g. OIr. <b class="b2">imb-rā</b> [[row]], [[sail]] (IE <b class="b2">rō-</b> against <b class="b2">rē-</b> (i. e. <b class="b2">*h₁reh₁- *h₁roh₁-</b>) in Lat. [[rēmus]], cf. below). Traces of this verb in Greek in <b class="b3">τρι-ήρης</b> <b class="b2">three-rower</b> etc. (with compositional lengthening and ending after the <b class="b3">σ-</b>stems), <b class="b3">πεντηκόντ-ερος</b>, <b class="b3">-ορος</b> <b class="b2">fifty-rower</b> etc. (after the <b class="b3">ο-</b>stems, also with <b class="b3">-ο-</b> after <b class="b3">-γονος</b>, <b class="b3">-φορος</b> a. o.; not with J. Schmidt KZ 32, 327 vowel-harmony). Perhaps with <b class="b3">το-</b>suffix (Lesb.) <b class="b3">τέρρητον τριήρης</b> H., if with Brugmann IF 13, 152f. haplological for <b class="b3">*τερρ-έρητον</b> < <b class="b3">*τρι-έρητον</b>, cf. Schwyzer 274. - On influence of <b class="b3">ἐρέτης</b> rests prob. the form <b class="b3">ἐρετμόν</b> against Skt. <b class="b2">arí-tr-a-</b> [[oar]] (from <b class="b2">ari-tár-</b>), Lat. [[rēmus]] (formation unclear). - Details in Schwyzer KZ 63, 52ff., Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 3f.; further Pok. 338, W.-Hofmann s. [[rēmus]]. | ||
}} | |||
{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[[ἐρέτης]], ου, [[ἐρέσσω]]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> a [[rower]], Od., Hdt., [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">II.</b> in pl., also, oars, Anth. | |||
}} | }} |
Revision as of 22:30, 9 January 2019
English (LSJ)
ου, ὁ, mostly in pl.,
A rowers, Od.1.280, al., A.Pers. 39(anap.), Hdt.6.12, Th.1.31, etc. : sg., Ar.Eq.542 : metaph., κυλίκων ἐρέται, of tipplers, Dionys.Eleg.5.2. II in pl., also, oars, AP6.4.6 (Leon.). (Root era-, cf. Skt. aritár- 'rower', ἁλι-ήρης, τρι-ήρης, etc.)
German (Pape)
[Seite 1025] ὁ (s. ἐρέσσω), der Ruderer, Od. 1, 280 u. öfter, immer im plur.; ναῶν ἐρέται Aesch. Pers. 39; Thuc. 1, 31 u. sonst in Prosa; Dionys. bei Ath. X, 443 d nennt die Trinker ἐρέται κυλίκων, Leon. Tar. 25 (VI, 4) nennt τοὺς ἐξ ἀκάτων διχθαδίους ἐρέτας die Ruder.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἐρέτης: -ου, (ἐρέσσω), κωπηλάτης, κατὰ τὸ πλεῖστον πληθ., νῆ’ ἄρσας ἐρέτῃσιν Ὀδ. Α. 280, κ. ἀλλ. Ἡρόδ. 6. 12, καὶ Ἀττ.: μεταφ., κυλίκων ἐρέται, ἐπὶ φιλοποτῶν ἢ μεθύσων, Διον. παρ’ Ἀθην. 443D. ΙΙ. ἐν τῷ πληθ. προσέτι, κῶπαι, Ἀνθ. Π. 6. 4.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (ὁ) :
rameur.
Étymologie: ἐρέσσω.
English (Autenrieth)
pl., rowers, oarsmen, Il. 1.142.
Greek Monolingual
ο (AM ἐρέτης)
κωπηλάτης
αρχ.
1. (στον πληθ. μετωνυμικώς) oἱ ἐρέται
τα κουπιά
2. μτφ. φρ. «κυλίκων ἐρέται» — για οινοπότες ή μέθυσους.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Ο τ. ερέτης ανάγεται σε ΙΕ ρίζα er∂- «κωπηλατώ, κωπηλάτης» και πιθανώς προήλθε από ένα πρωταρχικό δισύλλαβο ρήμα που αντικαταστάθηκε από το ερέσσω, ενώ διατηρήθηκε στα λιθ. iriu, irti, στο αρχ. ιρλ. imb-rā και με θ. rō- στο αρχ. ισλ. rōa. Προς το αρχ. ινδ. ari-tar αντιστοιχεί τ. ερετήρ, από τον οποίο προήλθε το τοπωνύμιο Ερέτρια «η κωπηλάτις». Ο τ. ερέτης απαντά ως β’ συνθετικό στις λέξεις υπ-ηρέτης —όπου το -η- είναι προϊόν «εκτάσεως εν συνθέσει»— και αυτερέτης, ενώ η ρίζα του τ. εμφανίζεται ως β’ συνθετικό με τη μορφή -ορος ή -ερος και -ηρης (το τελευταίο είναι επίσης προϊόν της λειτουργίας του νόμου της «εκτάσεως εν συνθέσει») σε πολλά σύνθετα που δηλώνουν είδη πλοίων τα οποία διακρίνονται ως προς τον αριθμό τών κωπηλατών ή τών κουπιών τους (πρβλ. εικόσ-ορος, πεντηκόντ-ορος, τριακόντ-ερος, αλι-ήρης, τρι-ήρης, τετρ-ήρης). Τέλος, από τον τ. ερέτης προέρχεται το μετονοματικό ρ. ερέσσω που απαντά στον Όμηρο και στους ποιητές, ενώ στην αττική διάλεκτο χρησιμοποιείται αντί γι’ αυτό το ρ. ελαύνω].
Greek Monotonic
ἐρέτης: -ου, ὁ (ἐρέσσω),·
I. κωπηλάτης, σε Ομήρ. Οδ., Ηρόδ. Αττ.
II. στον πληθ. επίσης, κουπιά, σε Ανθ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἐρέτης: ου ὁ1) преимущ. pl. гребец Hom., Her., Thuc., Xen., Arst.;
2) (только pl.) весло Anth.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: rower (Il.),
Other forms: myk. e-re-ta; eree \/erehen\/ Perpillou, Minos 9\/2,1968, 208-212.
Compounds: As 2. member in ὑπ-ηρέτης, s. v.
Derivatives: ἐρετικός concerning the rowers (Att.); collective abstrakt εἰρεσίη, -ία (εἰ- metr. lengthening, maintained in prose) the rowers (Od.); denomin. verb ἐρέσσω, rare Att. ἐρέττω, aor. ἐρέσ(σ)αι row (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 725). - Beside these the noun instr. ἐρετμόν n. oar (Il.) with ἐρετμόω complete with oars (E.), PN Ἐρετμεύς (θ 111; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf -ευς 121). - Here also the PN Ἐρέτρια as "the rowing (town)". - On themselves the nouns in -ηρης and -ερος, -ορος like τρι-ήρης three-rower (Ion.-Att.), ἁλι-ήρης rowing the sea (κώπη E. Hek. 455 [lyr.]), πεντηκόντερος, πεντηκόντ-ορος fifty-rower (Ion.-Att.), s. below.
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [338] *h₁erh₁-, h₁reh₁- row
Etymology: The agent noun ἐρέ-της points like the synonymous Skt. ari-tár- (= Gr. *ἐρε-τήρ (*h₁erh₁-) in Ἐρέτρ-ια) to a disyllabic primary verb row, which in Greek was replaced by the denominative ἐρέσσω (uncertain Myc. e-re-e), but is present in other languages: Lith. iriù, ìrti (with acute, agreeing with disyllabic ἐρε-, < *h₁r̥h₁-), Germ., e. g. ONo. rōa, Celt., e. g. OIr. imb-rā row, sail (IE rō- against rē- (i. e. *h₁reh₁- *h₁roh₁-) in Lat. rēmus, cf. below). Traces of this verb in Greek in τρι-ήρης three-rower etc. (with compositional lengthening and ending after the σ-stems), πεντηκόντ-ερος, -ορος fifty-rower etc. (after the ο-stems, also with -ο- after -γονος, -φορος a. o.; not with J. Schmidt KZ 32, 327 vowel-harmony). Perhaps with το-suffix (Lesb.) τέρρητον τριήρης H., if with Brugmann IF 13, 152f. haplological for *τερρ-έρητον < *τρι-έρητον, cf. Schwyzer 274. - On influence of ἐρέτης rests prob. the form ἐρετμόν against Skt. arí-tr-a- oar (from ari-tár-), Lat. rēmus (formation unclear). - Details in Schwyzer KZ 63, 52ff., Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 3f.; further Pok. 338, W.-Hofmann s. rēmus.
Middle Liddell
ἐρέτης, ου, ἐρέσσω
I. a rower, Od., Hdt., attic
II. in pl., also, oars, Anth.