ἀπό: Difference between revisions
Νόμος γονεῦσιν ἰσοθέους τιμὰς νέμειν → Iubet parentes lex coli iuxta deos → Die Eltern gleich den Göttern ehren ist Gesetz
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|Definition=Aeol., Thess., Arc., Cypr. ἀπύ Sapph.44, cf. 78, <span class="bibl">Alc.33</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.28.16</span>,<span class="title">IG</span>12(2).6.45 (Mytil.), <b class="b3">ἀπυδόμεναι</b> ib.9(2).594 (Larissa), 5(2).6 (Tegea), etc.:—Prep. usually with Gen. but v. infr. B. (Cf. Skt. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> [[ápa]], Lat. [[ab]], Umbr. [[ap-ehtre]] 'ab extra', Goth. [[af]], OE. [[af]], [[cef]], [[of]], etc.) Orig. sense, [[from]]. [ᾰπο?~X: where <b class="b3">ἀπο ¯</b> is found in Ep. before v or liquids (as ἀπὸ ἕθεν <span class="bibl">Il.6.62</span>, ἀπὸ νευρῆς <span class="bibl">11.664</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Sc.</span>409</span>) <b class="b3">ἀπαί</b> was sometimes written in later texts, cf. <span class="bibl">Eust. 625.11</span>:— ᾱ metri gr. in Ep. compds., such as <b class="b3">ἀπονέεσθαι.]</b> </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> OF PLACE, the earliest, and in Hom. the prevailing sense: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of Motion, [[from]], [[away from]], ἐσσεύοντο νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων <span class="bibl">Il.2.208</span>; pleonastic, <b class="b3">ἀ. Τροίηθεν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">24.492</span>; ἀπ' οὐρανόθεν <span class="bibl">8.365</span> (later with Advbs., ἀπὸ ἔμπροσθεν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ec.</span>1.10</span>, etc.); strengthd., ἐκτὸς ἀ. κλισιης <span class="bibl">Il.10.151</span>; also <b class="b3">ἀπ' αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο</b>, implying [[departure from]] life, ib.<span class="bibl">24.725</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἐξ</b>, of relatively superficial motion, λαμβάνομεν οὔτε ἐκ τῆς γῆς οὐδέν, οὔτ' ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.7.2</span>; similarly of the cause or ground, ἐξ ὧν προηγώνισθε καὶ ἀφ' ὧν εἰκάζω <span class="bibl">Th.4.126</span>:— freq. of warriors fighting [[from]] chariots, etc., οἱ μὲν ἀφ' ἵππων, οἱ δ' ἀ. νηῶν . . μάχοντο <span class="bibl">Il.15.386</span>; ἀφ' ἵππων μάρνασθαι <span class="bibl">Od.9.49</span>; so ἡ μάχη ἦν ἀφ' ἵππων <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.79</span>; <b class="b3">λαμπὰς ἔσται ἀφ' ἵππων</b> [[on]] horse[[back]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328a</span>; ἀφ' ἵππου θηρεύειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.2.7</span>; ἀ. νεῶν πεζομαχεῖν <span class="bibl">Th. 7.62</span>; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶν αἰρόμενος τοὺς ἱστοὺς ἀ. τούτων ἐσκοπεῖτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span> 6.2.29</span>; <b class="b3">ὀμμάτων ἄπο . . κατέσταζον γένυν</b>, of tears, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>240</span>: joined with ἐκ, ἐκ Κορίνθου ἀ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of Position, [[away from]], [[far from]], μένων ἀ. ἧς ἀλόχοιο <span class="bibl">Il.2.292</span> (cf. <b class="b3">ἀπ' ἀνδρὸς εἶναι</b> to live [[apart from]] a man or husband, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">CG</span>4</span>); κεκρυμμένος ἀπ' ἄλλων <span class="bibl">Od.23.110</span>; μοῦνος ἀπ' ἄλλων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>193</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπ' ὀφθαλμῶν, ἀπ' οὔατος</b>, [[far from]] sight or hearing, <span class="bibl">Il.23.53</span>, <span class="bibl">18.272</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">22.454</span>; ἀ. θαλάσσης ᾠκίσθησαν <span class="bibl">Th.1.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">46</span>; αὐλίζεσθαι ἀ. τῶν ὅπλων <span class="bibl">Id.6.64</span>; ἀπ' οἴκου εἶναι <span class="bibl">Id.1.99</span>; <b class="b3">σπεύδειν ἀ. ῥυτῆρος</b> [[far from]], i.e. [[without using]] the rein, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>900</span>; in Hom. freq. strengthd., <b class="b3">τῆλε ἀ.... νόσφιν ἀ. .</b>., <span class="bibl">Il.23.880</span>, <span class="bibl">5.322</span>; in measurement of distances, ὅσον ιέ στάδια ἀ. Φυλῆς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.4.4</span>, etc.; but later the numeral follows ἀ., πηγὰς ἔχων ἀ. μ σταδίων τῆς θαλάσσης <span class="bibl">D.S.4.56</span>; ἀ. σταδίων κ τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phil.</span>4</span>; <b class="b3">κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀ. ν σταδίων</b> fifty stades [[away]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Oth.</span>11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.Chr.17.17</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of the mind, <b class="b3">ἀ. θυμοῦ</b> [[away from]], i. e. [[alien from]], my heart, <span class="bibl">Il.1.562</span>; ἀ. δόξης <span class="bibl">10.324</span>; οὐ . . ἀ. σκοποῦ οὐδ' ἀ. δόξης <span class="bibl">Od.11.344</span>; ἀ. τοῦ ἀνθρωπείου τρόπου <span class="bibl">Th.1.76</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ἀ. τρόπου</b> not [[without]] reason, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>470b</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀ. σκοποῦ, καιροῦ</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>179c</span>, <span class="bibl">187e</span>; οὐκ ἀ. γνώμης <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Tr.</span>389</span>; οὐκ ἀ. τοῦ πράγματος <span class="bibl">D.24.6</span>; μάλα πολλὸν ἀπ' ἐλπίδος ἔπλετο <span class="bibl">A.R.2.863</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> in pregnant sense, with Verbs of rest, previous motion being implied (cf. [[ἐκ]]), ἀνὰ δ' ἐβόασεν . . ἀ. πέτρας σταθείς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>523</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ.τῆς ἐμῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν [ἐκείνου] κεφαλὴν ἀναδήσω</b>, i. e. taking the chaplet [[off]] my head, and placing it on his, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>212e</span>: with Verbs of hanging, where <b class="b3">ἐκ</b> is more common, ἁψαμένη βρόχον ἀ. μελάθρου <span class="bibl">Od.11.278</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> with the Article, where the sense of motion often disappears, <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τῶν οἰκιῶν φεύγουσιν</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">οἱ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις φεύγουσιν ἀπ' αὐτῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.23</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τῶν πύργων . . ἐπαρήξουσι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">6.4.18</span>; αἴρειν τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>410b</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ ἵπποι αἱ ἀ. τοῦ ἅρματος</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.8</span>; ὁ Ἀθηναῖος ὁ ἀ. τοῦ στρατεύματος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.2.19</span>; τὸν ἀ. γραμμᾶς κινεῖ λίθον <span class="bibl">Theoc.6.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> partitive, <b class="b3">λαχὼν ἀ. ληΐδος αἶσαν</b> part [[taken]] [[from]] the booty, a share [[of]] it, <span class="bibl">Od.5.40</span>; αἴρεσθαι ἀ. τῶν καλπίδων <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Lys.</span>539</span>; ἀ. ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι παίδων εἷς μοῦνος <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.27</span>; ὀλίγοι ἀ. πολλῶν <span class="bibl">Th.7.87</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>1023</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> Math., of figures described [[upon]] a base, κῶνον ἀναγράφειν ἀ. κύκλου <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>1.19</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὸ ἀ. τῆς</b> AB <b class="b3">τετράγωνον</b> the square [[on]] AB, <span class="bibl">Euc.1.47</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">48</span>; <b class="b3">εἴδεα ἀ</b>. . . <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Spir.</span>10</span>,<span class="bibl">11</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">ἀ. ἀνθρώπου ἕως γυναικός</b> man [[and]] woman, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">1 Es.</span>9.40</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. ἀρσενικοῦ ἕως θηλυκοῦ</b>ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>5.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">9</span> [[from being]], [[instead of]], ἀθανάταν ἀ. θνατᾶς . . ἐποίησας Βερενίκαν <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.106</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">10</span> privative, [[free from]], [[without]], ἀ. πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLips.</span>16.19</span> (ii A. D.); ἀ. ζημίας <span class="title">PTeb</span>420.4 (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> OF TIME, [[from]], [[after]], Hom. only in <span class="bibl">Il.8.54</span> <b class="b3">ἀ. δείπνου θωρήσσοντο</b> rising up [[from]], i.e. [[after]], cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.133</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. δείπνου εἶναι</b> or <b class="b3">γενέσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.126</span>, <span class="bibl">2.78</span>, <span class="bibl">5.18</span>, al.; ἀ. τοῦ σιτίου πίνειν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Salubr.</span>5</span>; ἀ. τῶν σίτων διαπονεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span> 5.8</span>; in narrative, <b class="b3">τὸ ἀ. τούτου</b> or <b class="b3">το̄δε</b>, [[from]] this point [[onwards]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.4</span>,<span class="bibl">2.99</span>; ἀ. τούτου τοῦ χρόνου <span class="bibl">Id.1.82</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.5.8</span>; τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνου <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tox.</span>25</span>; ἡμέρῃ δεκάτῃ ἀφ' ἧς . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.14</span>, etc.; δευτέρῃ ἡμέρῃ ἀ. τῆς ἐμπρήσιος <span class="bibl">Id.8.55</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.7.18</span>, etc.; ἀφ' οὗ χρόνου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 1.2.13</span>; more often <b class="b3">ἀπ'</b> or <b class="b3">ἀφ' οὗ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.18</span>, etc.; ἀφ' οὗπερ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>177</span>; ἀφ' ἧς <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pel.</span>15</span>; <b class="b3">εὐθὺς ἀ. παλαιοῦ, ἀ. τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου</b>, [[of]] olden time, <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>,<span class="bibl">2.15</span>; ἀπ' ἀρχᾶς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.25</span>, etc.; ἀ. γενεᾶς <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἀφ' ἑσπέρας</b> [[from the beginning of]] evening, i.e. [[at]] eventide, <span class="bibl">Th.7.29</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. πρώτου ὕπνου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">43</span>; ἀ. μέσων νυκτῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>218</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπ' ἀγροῦ</b> [[fresh from]] field-work, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>15.21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.4</span>; ἀ. νουμηνίας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.6.23</span>; <b class="b3">χρονίζειν ἀ. τοῦ καιροῦ</b> tarry [[beyond]] the time, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">2 Ki.</span> 20.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τέλους ἐννέα μηνῶν</b> [[at]] the end of... ib.<span class="bibl">24.8</span>; γενόμενος ἀ. τῆς ἀρχῆς <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>5</span>: hence <b class="b3">ἀ. ἀγωνοθετῶν</b> an <b class="b3">εχ-ἀγωνοθέτης</b>, <span class="title">IG</span>3.398; ἀ. λογιστῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1103.3</span> (iv A. D.); <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. ὑπατείας</b>, = [[consulares]], <span class="bibl">Hdn.7.1.9</span>, etc.; but <b class="b3">ἀ. τινος</b> the <b class="b2">freedman of .</b>., IG5(2).50.59(Tegea, ii A. D.), cf.ib.5(1).1391 (Andania), 1473. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of that [[from]] which one is born, <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἀ. δρυός ἐσσι οὐδ' ἀ. πέτρης</b> not [[sprung from]] oak or rock, <span class="bibl">Od.19.163</span>; γίγνονται δ' ἄρα ταί γ' ἔκ τε κρηνέων ἀ. τ' ἀλσέων <span class="bibl">10.350</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>415</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>571</span>, etc.: sts. <b class="b3">ἀπό</b> denotes remote, and <b class="b3">ἐκ</b> immediate, descent, τοὺς μὲν ἀ. θεῶν, τοὺς δ' ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν θεῶν γεγονότας <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.81</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.150</span>; πέμπτη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ γέννα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>853</span>; <b class="b3">τρίτος ἀ. Διός</b> third [[in descent from]] Zeus, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 391c</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. γένους τινός</b> his descendants, <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Them.</span>32</span>; Περσέως ἀφ' αἵματος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>509</span>: of the place one [[springs from]], ἵπποι . . ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος <span class="bibl">Il.2.839</span>. cf. <span class="bibl">849</span>; Ἡρακλεῖδαι οἱ ἀ. Σπάρτης <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.114</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.89</span>, etc.; τοὺς ἀ. Φρυγίας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.5</span>, etc.:hence, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> metaph. of things, Χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι <span class="bibl">Od.6.18</span>; <b class="b3">θεῶν ἄπο μήδεα εἰδώς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">12</span>; γάλα ἀ. βοός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>611</span>; μῆνις ἀφ' ἡμῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>314</span>; ἡ ἀφ' ὑμῶν τιμωρία <span class="bibl">Th.1.69</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ἀ. τῶν πολεμίων φόβος</b> fear [[inspired by]] the enemy, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.53</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> of persons, <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τῆς χώρας, τῆς πόλεως</b>, country [[folk]], towns[[folk]], <span class="bibl">Plb.2.6.8</span>, <span class="bibl">5.70.8</span>; and so of connection with the founder or leader of a sect, οἱ ἀ. Πυθαγόρου <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span>14</span>; οἱ ἀ. Πλάτωνος <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Brut.</span>2</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τοῦ περιπάτου, ἀ. τῆς Στοᾶς</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cont.</span> 6</span>; generally <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. φιλοσοφίας καὶ λόγων</b> philosophers and learned men, ibid.; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. σκηνῆς καὶ θεάτρου</b> stage players, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Sull.</span>2</span>; οἱ ἀ. τῆς βουλῆς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Caes.</span>10</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ ἀφ' ἑστίας παῖς</b>, v. [[ἑστία; ἀπ' ἐξωμίδος]] [[with only]] an <b class="b3">ἐξωμίς</b>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">P.</span>1.153</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of the material [[from]] or [[of]] which a thing is made, εἵματα ἀ. ξύλου πεποιημένα <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.65</span>; ἀπ' ὄμφακος τεύχειν οἶνον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>970</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>704</span>; ὅσσα ἀ. γλυκερῶ μέλιτος <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.117</span>; ἔνδυμα ἀ. τριχῶν καμήλου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>3.4</span>: hence <b class="b3">στέφανος ἀ. ταλάντων ἑξήκοντα</b> [[of]] or [[weighing]] <span class="bibl">60</span> talents, Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">D. 18.92</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.24.1.7</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>2.555.10, al.: hence of value, θύεν αἶγα ἀ. δραχμᾶν εἴκοσι <span class="title">GDI</span>3707 (Cos); κρᾶσις ἀ. τε τῆς ἡδονῆς συγκεκραμένη καὶ ἀ. τῆς λύπης <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>59a</span>; so, by an extension of this use, <b class="b3">εἰδεχθής τις ἀ. τοῦ προσώπου</b> ugly [[of]] countenance, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>28.4</span>; θῆλυν ἀ. χροιῆς <span class="bibl">Theoc.16.49</span>; σεμνὸς ἀ. τοῦ σχήματος <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMort.</span>10.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of the instrument [[from]] or [[by]] which a thing is done, <b class="b3">τοὺς . . πέφνεν ἀπ' ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο</b> by arrow [[shot from]] silver bow, <span class="bibl">Il.24.605</span>; τόξου ἄπο κρατεροῦ ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας <span class="bibl">8.279</span>; ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρός <span class="bibl">10.371</span>, <span class="bibl">11.675</span>; so ἀ. χειρὸς ἐργάζεσθαι μεγάλα <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>29</span>; <b class="b3">γυμνάζεσθαι ἀ. σκελῶν, χειρῶν, τραχήλου</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>5.9</span>; μάχεσθαι ἀ. ἄκοντος <span class="bibl">Str.17.3.7</span>; ἡ ἀ. τοῦ ξίφους μάχη <span class="bibl">D.S.5.29</span>; βάπτειν τὸν δάκτυλον ἀ. τοῦ αἵματος <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Le.</span>4.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> of the person [[from]] whom an act comes, i.e. [[by]] whom it is done, οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.14</span>; ζήτησιν ἀ. σφέων γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.2.54</span>; ἐπράχθη οὐδὲν ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἔργον ἀξιόλογον <span class="bibl">Th.1.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.61</span>; ἀ. τινος ὄνασθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>528a</span>, etc.; so <b class="b3">τἀπ' ἐμοῦ, τἀπὸ σοῦ</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>74</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1628</span>; τὰ ἀ. τῶν Ἀθηναίων <span class="bibl">Th.1.127</span>; in later Greek freq. of the direct agent, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.34.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.5.4.12</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.9.12</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>9.22</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>20.8.10</span>, etc.; in codd. this may sts. be due to confusion with <b class="b3">ὑπό</b>, but cf. <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.256, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span> 1185.26</span>(Aug.), <span class="title">SIG</span>820.8(Ephesus, i A. D.), etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> of the source [[from]] which life, power, etc., are sustained, ζῆν ἀπ' ὕλης ἀγρίης <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.203</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. κτήνεων καὶ ἰχθύων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">216</span>; ἀ. πολέμου <span class="bibl">Id.5.6</span>; ἀπ' ἐλαχίστων χρημάτων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.14</span>; ἀ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.1</span>; τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀ. τῶν νήσων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>4.8.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.99</span>; ἀ. τῶν κοινῶν πλουτεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>569</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.24.124</span>; ἀ. μικρῶν εὔνους . . γεγένησαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 788</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.18.102</span>; ἀφ' ὥρας ἐργάζεσθαι [[quaestum corpore facere]], <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Tim.</span>14</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> of the cause, means, or occasion [[from]], [[by]], or [[because of]] which a thing is done, ἀ. τούτου κριοπρόσωπον τὤγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς ποιεῦσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.42</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τινος ἐπαινεῖσθαι, θαυμάζεσθαι, ὠφελεῖσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.25</span>,<span class="bibl">6.12</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.1.2</span>; ἀ. τῶν ξυμφορῶν διαβάλλεσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.5.17</span>; τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν ἀ. τινος <span class="bibl">Id.1.46</span>; ἀ. λῃστείας τὸν βίον ἔχειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 7.7.9</span>; ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων κρίνειν <span class="bibl">D.2.27</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ πάθους</b> [[in consequence of]]... <span class="bibl">Th.4.30</span>; βλάπτειν τινὰ ἀ. τινος <span class="bibl">Id.7.29</span>; κατασκευάσαντα τὸ πλοῖον ἀφ' ὧν ὑπελάμβανε σωθήσεσθαι <span class="bibl">D.18.194</span>; <b class="b3">τρόπαιον ἀ. τινος εἱστήκει</b> [[on occasion of]] his defeat, <span class="bibl">Id.19.320</span>; <b class="b3">τλήμων οὖσ' ἀπ' εὐτόλμου</b> φρενός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1302</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1643</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. δικαιοσύνης</b> [[by reason of]] it (v. l. for [[ὑπό]]), <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.164</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων</b> [[on]] the same [[scale of]] profits, <span class="bibl">D.3.34</span>, etc.; for <b class="b3">ὅσον ἀ. βοῆς ἕνεκα</b>, v. [[ἕνεκα]]: hence in half adverbial usages, <b class="b3">ἀ. σπουδῆς</b> in earnest, eagerly, <span class="bibl">Il.7.359</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦἴσου, ἀ. τῆς ἴσης</b>, or <b class="b3">ἀπ' ἴσης</b>, equally, <span class="bibl">Th.1.99</span>,<span class="bibl">15</span>, <span class="bibl">D.14.6</span>, etc.; ἀπ' ὀρθῆς καὶ δικαίας τῆς ψυχῆς <span class="bibl">Id.18.298</span>; ἀ. ἀντιπάλου παρασκευῆς <span class="bibl">Th.1.91</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ προφανοῦς</b> openly, ib.<span class="bibl">35</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ εὐθέος</b> straightforwardly, <span class="bibl">Id.3.43</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ αὐτομάτου</b> [[of]] free-will, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>323c</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. γλώσσης</b> [[by]] word of mouth, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.123</span> (but also, [[from]] hearsay, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>813</span>); ἀ. στόματος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142d</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπ' ὄψεως</b> [[at]] sight, <span class="bibl">Lys.16.19</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. χειρὸς λογίζεσθαι</b> [[on]] your fingers, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>656</span>; πεύθομαι δ' ἀπ' ὀμμάτων νόστον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 988</span>; <b class="b3">ὀμμάτων ἄπο</b> [[in]] the public gaze, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>216</span>; ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου ἄρχοντας καθίστασθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.9</span>; ἡ βουλὴ ἡ ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου <span class="bibl">Th.8.66</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>1.9; τοὺς ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου δισχιλίους ἄνδρας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>24.3</span>; <b class="b3">τριηράρχους αἱρεῖσθαι ἀ. τῆς οὐσίας</b> Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.106</span>; <b class="b3">ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ</b> [[from]] oneself, [[on]] one's own [[account]], <span class="bibl">Th.8.6</span>, etc.; ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ γνώμης <span class="bibl">Id.4.68</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. συνθήματος, ἀ. παραγγέλματος</b>, [[by]] agreement, [[by]] word of command, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.74</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.99</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. σάλπιγγος</b> [[by sound of]] trumpet, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>3.12</span> (s.v.l.); <b class="b3">ἐπίτροπος ἀ. τῶν λόγων</b>, = Lat. <b class="b2">procurator a rationibus, Ann.Epigr.</b>.<span class="bibl">1913.143a</span> (Ephesus, ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> of the object spoken of, <b class="b3">τὰ ἀ. τῆς νήσου οἰκότα ἐστί</b> the things [[told from]] or [[of]] the island... <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.195</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">54</span>, <span class="bibl">7.195</span>; νόμος κείμενος ἀ. τῶν τεχνῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>762</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> in Arc., Cypr., <b class="b3">ἀπύ</b> takes dat., <b class="b3">ἀπὺ τᾷ [ἁμέρᾳ</b>] <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).6 (Tegea); ἀπὺ τᾷ ζᾷ <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>135.8 H. (Idalion). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> in later Greek <b class="b3">ἀπό</b> is found c. acc., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>1.124.30</span> (iv/v A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">C</span> in Hom. frequent with Verbs in tmesi, as <span class="bibl">Il.5.214</span>, etc., and sts. in Prose, as <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.89</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">D</span> IN COMPOS.: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> [[asunder]], as <b class="b3">ἀποκόπτω, ἀπολύω, ἀποτέμνω</b>: and hence, [[away]], [[off]], as <b class="b3">ἀποβάλλω, ἀποβαίνω;</b> denoting, [[remoual]] of an accusation, as <b class="b3">ἀπολογέομαι, ἀποψηφίζομαι</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> [[finishing off]], [[completing]], <b class="b3">ἀπεργάζομαι, ἀπανδρόω, ἀπανθρωπίζω, ἀπογλαυκόω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> [[ceasing from]], [[leaving off]], as <b class="b3">ἀπαλγέω, ἀποκηδεύω, ἀπολοφύρομαι, ἀποζέω, ἀπανθίζω, ἀφυβρίζω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> [[back again]], as <b class="b3">ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω, ἀπόπλους</b>: also, [[in full]], or | |Definition=Aeol., Thess., Arc., Cypr. ἀπύ Sapph.44, cf. 78, <span class="bibl">Alc.33</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.28.16</span>,<span class="title">IG</span>12(2).6.45 (Mytil.), <b class="b3">ἀπυδόμεναι</b> ib.9(2).594 (Larissa), 5(2).6 (Tegea), etc.:—Prep. usually with Gen. but v. infr. B. (Cf. Skt. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> [[ápa]], Lat. [[ab]], Umbr. [[ap-ehtre]] 'ab extra', Goth. [[af]], OE. [[af]], [[cef]], [[of]], etc.) Orig. sense, [[from]]. [ᾰπο?~X: where <b class="b3">ἀπο ¯</b> is found in Ep. before v or liquids (as ἀπὸ ἕθεν <span class="bibl">Il.6.62</span>, ἀπὸ νευρῆς <span class="bibl">11.664</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Sc.</span>409</span>) <b class="b3">ἀπαί</b> was sometimes written in later texts, cf. <span class="bibl">Eust. 625.11</span>:— ᾱ metri gr. in Ep. compds., such as <b class="b3">ἀπονέεσθαι.]</b> </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> OF PLACE, the earliest, and in Hom. the prevailing sense: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of Motion, [[from]], [[away from]], ἐσσεύοντο νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων <span class="bibl">Il.2.208</span>; pleonastic, <b class="b3">ἀ. Τροίηθεν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">24.492</span>; ἀπ' οὐρανόθεν <span class="bibl">8.365</span> (later with Advbs., ἀπὸ ἔμπροσθεν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ec.</span>1.10</span>, etc.); strengthd., ἐκτὸς ἀ. κλισιης <span class="bibl">Il.10.151</span>; also <b class="b3">ἀπ' αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο</b>, implying [[departure from]] life, ib.<span class="bibl">24.725</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἐξ</b>, of relatively superficial motion, λαμβάνομεν οὔτε ἐκ τῆς γῆς οὐδέν, οὔτ' ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.7.2</span>; similarly of the cause or ground, ἐξ ὧν προηγώνισθε καὶ ἀφ' ὧν εἰκάζω <span class="bibl">Th.4.126</span>:— freq. of warriors fighting [[from]] chariots, etc., οἱ μὲν ἀφ' ἵππων, οἱ δ' ἀ. νηῶν . . μάχοντο <span class="bibl">Il.15.386</span>; ἀφ' ἵππων μάρνασθαι <span class="bibl">Od.9.49</span>; so ἡ μάχη ἦν ἀφ' ἵππων <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.79</span>; <b class="b3">λαμπὰς ἔσται ἀφ' ἵππων</b> [[on]] horse[[back]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328a</span>; ἀφ' ἵππου θηρεύειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.2.7</span>; ἀ. νεῶν πεζομαχεῖν <span class="bibl">Th. 7.62</span>; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶν αἰρόμενος τοὺς ἱστοὺς ἀ. τούτων ἐσκοπεῖτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span> 6.2.29</span>; <b class="b3">ὀμμάτων ἄπο . . κατέσταζον γένυν</b>, of tears, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>240</span>: joined with ἐκ, ἐκ Κορίνθου ἀ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of Position, [[away from]], [[far from]], μένων ἀ. ἧς ἀλόχοιο <span class="bibl">Il.2.292</span> (cf. <b class="b3">ἀπ' ἀνδρὸς εἶναι</b> to live [[apart from]] a man or husband, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">CG</span>4</span>); κεκρυμμένος ἀπ' ἄλλων <span class="bibl">Od.23.110</span>; μοῦνος ἀπ' ἄλλων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>193</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπ' ὀφθαλμῶν, ἀπ' οὔατος</b>, [[far from]] sight or hearing, <span class="bibl">Il.23.53</span>, <span class="bibl">18.272</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">22.454</span>; ἀ. θαλάσσης ᾠκίσθησαν <span class="bibl">Th.1.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">46</span>; αὐλίζεσθαι ἀ. τῶν ὅπλων <span class="bibl">Id.6.64</span>; ἀπ' οἴκου εἶναι <span class="bibl">Id.1.99</span>; <b class="b3">σπεύδειν ἀ. ῥυτῆρος</b> [[far from]], i.e. [[without using]] the rein, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>900</span>; in Hom. freq. strengthd., <b class="b3">τῆλε ἀ.... νόσφιν ἀ. .</b>., <span class="bibl">Il.23.880</span>, <span class="bibl">5.322</span>; in measurement of distances, ὅσον ιέ στάδια ἀ. Φυλῆς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.4.4</span>, etc.; but later the numeral follows ἀ., πηγὰς ἔχων ἀ. μ σταδίων τῆς θαλάσσης <span class="bibl">D.S.4.56</span>; ἀ. σταδίων κ τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phil.</span>4</span>; <b class="b3">κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀ. ν σταδίων</b> fifty stades [[away]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Oth.</span>11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.Chr.17.17</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of the mind, <b class="b3">ἀ. θυμοῦ</b> [[away from]], i. e. [[alien from]], my heart, <span class="bibl">Il.1.562</span>; ἀ. δόξης <span class="bibl">10.324</span>; οὐ . . ἀ. σκοποῦ οὐδ' ἀ. δόξης <span class="bibl">Od.11.344</span>; ἀ. τοῦ ἀνθρωπείου τρόπου <span class="bibl">Th.1.76</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ἀ. τρόπου</b> not [[without]] reason, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>470b</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀ. σκοποῦ, καιροῦ</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>179c</span>, <span class="bibl">187e</span>; οὐκ ἀ. γνώμης <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Tr.</span>389</span>; οὐκ ἀ. τοῦ πράγματος <span class="bibl">D.24.6</span>; μάλα πολλὸν ἀπ' ἐλπίδος ἔπλετο <span class="bibl">A.R.2.863</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> in pregnant sense, with Verbs of rest, previous motion being implied (cf. [[ἐκ]]), ἀνὰ δ' ἐβόασεν . . ἀ. πέτρας σταθείς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>523</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ.τῆς ἐμῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν [ἐκείνου] κεφαλὴν ἀναδήσω</b>, i. e. taking the chaplet [[off]] my head, and placing it on his, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>212e</span>: with Verbs of hanging, where <b class="b3">ἐκ</b> is more common, ἁψαμένη βρόχον ἀ. μελάθρου <span class="bibl">Od.11.278</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> with the Article, where the sense of motion often disappears, <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τῶν οἰκιῶν φεύγουσιν</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">οἱ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις φεύγουσιν ἀπ' αὐτῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.23</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τῶν πύργων . . ἐπαρήξουσι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">6.4.18</span>; αἴρειν τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>410b</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ ἵπποι αἱ ἀ. τοῦ ἅρματος</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.8</span>; ὁ Ἀθηναῖος ὁ ἀ. τοῦ στρατεύματος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.2.19</span>; τὸν ἀ. γραμμᾶς κινεῖ λίθον <span class="bibl">Theoc.6.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> partitive, <b class="b3">λαχὼν ἀ. ληΐδος αἶσαν</b> part [[taken]] [[from]] the booty, a share [[of]] it, <span class="bibl">Od.5.40</span>; αἴρεσθαι ἀ. τῶν καλπίδων <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Lys.</span>539</span>; ἀ. ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι παίδων εἷς μοῦνος <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.27</span>; ὀλίγοι ἀ. πολλῶν <span class="bibl">Th.7.87</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>1023</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> Math., of figures described [[upon]] a base, κῶνον ἀναγράφειν ἀ. κύκλου <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>1.19</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὸ ἀ. τῆς</b> AB <b class="b3">τετράγωνον</b> the square [[on]] AB, <span class="bibl">Euc.1.47</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">48</span>; <b class="b3">εἴδεα ἀ</b>. . . <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Spir.</span>10</span>,<span class="bibl">11</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">ἀ. ἀνθρώπου ἕως γυναικός</b> man [[and]] woman, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">1 Es.</span>9.40</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. ἀρσενικοῦ ἕως θηλυκοῦ</b>ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>5.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">9</span> [[from being]], [[instead of]], ἀθανάταν ἀ. θνατᾶς . . ἐποίησας Βερενίκαν <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.106</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">10</span> privative, [[free from]], [[without]], ἀ. πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLips.</span>16.19</span> (ii A. D.); ἀ. ζημίας <span class="title">PTeb</span>420.4 (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> OF TIME, [[from]], [[after]], Hom. only in <span class="bibl">Il.8.54</span> <b class="b3">ἀ. δείπνου θωρήσσοντο</b> rising up [[from]], i.e. [[after]], cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.133</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. δείπνου εἶναι</b> or <b class="b3">γενέσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.126</span>, <span class="bibl">2.78</span>, <span class="bibl">5.18</span>, al.; ἀ. τοῦ σιτίου πίνειν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Salubr.</span>5</span>; ἀ. τῶν σίτων διαπονεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span> 5.8</span>; in narrative, <b class="b3">τὸ ἀ. τούτου</b> or <b class="b3">το̄δε</b>, [[from]] this point [[onwards]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.4</span>,<span class="bibl">2.99</span>; ἀ. τούτου τοῦ χρόνου <span class="bibl">Id.1.82</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.5.8</span>; τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνου <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tox.</span>25</span>; ἡμέρῃ δεκάτῃ ἀφ' ἧς . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.14</span>, etc.; δευτέρῃ ἡμέρῃ ἀ. τῆς ἐμπρήσιος <span class="bibl">Id.8.55</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.7.18</span>, etc.; ἀφ' οὗ χρόνου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 1.2.13</span>; more often <b class="b3">ἀπ'</b> or <b class="b3">ἀφ' οὗ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.18</span>, etc.; ἀφ' οὗπερ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>177</span>; ἀφ' ἧς <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pel.</span>15</span>; <b class="b3">εὐθὺς ἀ. παλαιοῦ, ἀ. τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου</b>, [[of]] olden time, <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>,<span class="bibl">2.15</span>; ἀπ' ἀρχᾶς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.25</span>, etc.; ἀ. γενεᾶς <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἀφ' ἑσπέρας</b> [[from the beginning of]] evening, i.e. [[at]] eventide, <span class="bibl">Th.7.29</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. πρώτου ὕπνου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">43</span>; ἀ. μέσων νυκτῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>218</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπ' ἀγροῦ</b> [[fresh from]] field-work, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>15.21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.4</span>; ἀ. νουμηνίας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.6.23</span>; <b class="b3">χρονίζειν ἀ. τοῦ καιροῦ</b> tarry [[beyond]] the time, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">2 Ki.</span> 20.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τέλους ἐννέα μηνῶν</b> [[at]] the end of... ib.<span class="bibl">24.8</span>; γενόμενος ἀ. τῆς ἀρχῆς <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>5</span>: hence <b class="b3">ἀ. ἀγωνοθετῶν</b> an <b class="b3">εχ-ἀγωνοθέτης</b>, <span class="title">IG</span>3.398; ἀ. λογιστῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1103.3</span> (iv A. D.); <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. ὑπατείας</b>, = [[consulares]], <span class="bibl">Hdn.7.1.9</span>, etc.; but <b class="b3">ἀ. τινος</b> the <b class="b2">freedman of .</b>., IG5(2).50.59(Tegea, ii A. D.), cf.ib.5(1).1391 (Andania), 1473. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of that [[from]] which one is born, <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἀ. δρυός ἐσσι οὐδ' ἀ. πέτρης</b> not [[sprung from]] oak or rock, <span class="bibl">Od.19.163</span>; γίγνονται δ' ἄρα ταί γ' ἔκ τε κρηνέων ἀ. τ' ἀλσέων <span class="bibl">10.350</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>415</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>571</span>, etc.: sts. <b class="b3">ἀπό</b> denotes remote, and <b class="b3">ἐκ</b> immediate, descent, τοὺς μὲν ἀ. θεῶν, τοὺς δ' ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν θεῶν γεγονότας <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.81</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.150</span>; πέμπτη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ γέννα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>853</span>; <b class="b3">τρίτος ἀ. Διός</b> third [[in descent from]] Zeus, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 391c</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. γένους τινός</b> his descendants, <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Them.</span>32</span>; Περσέως ἀφ' αἵματος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>509</span>: of the place one [[springs from]], ἵπποι . . ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος <span class="bibl">Il.2.839</span>. cf. <span class="bibl">849</span>; Ἡρακλεῖδαι οἱ ἀ. Σπάρτης <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.114</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.89</span>, etc.; τοὺς ἀ. Φρυγίας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.5</span>, etc.:hence, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> metaph. of things, Χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι <span class="bibl">Od.6.18</span>; <b class="b3">θεῶν ἄπο μήδεα εἰδώς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">12</span>; γάλα ἀ. βοός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>611</span>; μῆνις ἀφ' ἡμῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>314</span>; ἡ ἀφ' ὑμῶν τιμωρία <span class="bibl">Th.1.69</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ἀ. τῶν πολεμίων φόβος</b> fear [[inspired by]] the enemy, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.53</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> of persons, <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τῆς χώρας, τῆς πόλεως</b>, country [[folk]], towns[[folk]], <span class="bibl">Plb.2.6.8</span>, <span class="bibl">5.70.8</span>; and so of connection with the founder or leader of a sect, οἱ ἀ. Πυθαγόρου <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span>14</span>; οἱ ἀ. Πλάτωνος <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Brut.</span>2</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τοῦ περιπάτου, ἀ. τῆς Στοᾶς</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cont.</span> 6</span>; generally <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. φιλοσοφίας καὶ λόγων</b> philosophers and learned men, ibid.; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. σκηνῆς καὶ θεάτρου</b> stage players, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Sull.</span>2</span>; οἱ ἀ. τῆς βουλῆς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Caes.</span>10</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ ἀφ' ἑστίας παῖς</b>, v. [[ἑστία; ἀπ' ἐξωμίδος]] [[with only]] an <b class="b3">ἐξωμίς</b>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">P.</span>1.153</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of the material [[from]] or [[of]] which a thing is made, εἵματα ἀ. ξύλου πεποιημένα <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.65</span>; ἀπ' ὄμφακος τεύχειν οἶνον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>970</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>704</span>; ὅσσα ἀ. γλυκερῶ μέλιτος <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.117</span>; ἔνδυμα ἀ. τριχῶν καμήλου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>3.4</span>: hence <b class="b3">στέφανος ἀ. ταλάντων ἑξήκοντα</b> [[of]] or [[weighing]] <span class="bibl">60</span> talents, Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">D. 18.92</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.24.1.7</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>2.555.10, al.: hence of value, θύεν αἶγα ἀ. δραχμᾶν εἴκοσι <span class="title">GDI</span>3707 (Cos); κρᾶσις ἀ. τε τῆς ἡδονῆς συγκεκραμένη καὶ ἀ. τῆς λύπης <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>59a</span>; so, by an extension of this use, <b class="b3">εἰδεχθής τις ἀ. τοῦ προσώπου</b> ugly [[of]] countenance, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>28.4</span>; θῆλυν ἀ. χροιῆς <span class="bibl">Theoc.16.49</span>; σεμνὸς ἀ. τοῦ σχήματος <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMort.</span>10.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of the instrument [[from]] or [[by]] which a thing is done, <b class="b3">τοὺς . . πέφνεν ἀπ' ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο</b> by arrow [[shot from]] silver bow, <span class="bibl">Il.24.605</span>; τόξου ἄπο κρατεροῦ ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας <span class="bibl">8.279</span>; ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρός <span class="bibl">10.371</span>, <span class="bibl">11.675</span>; so ἀ. χειρὸς ἐργάζεσθαι μεγάλα <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>29</span>; <b class="b3">γυμνάζεσθαι ἀ. σκελῶν, χειρῶν, τραχήλου</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>5.9</span>; μάχεσθαι ἀ. ἄκοντος <span class="bibl">Str.17.3.7</span>; ἡ ἀ. τοῦ ξίφους μάχη <span class="bibl">D.S.5.29</span>; βάπτειν τὸν δάκτυλον ἀ. τοῦ αἵματος <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Le.</span>4.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> of the person [[from]] whom an act comes, i.e. [[by]] whom it is done, οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.14</span>; ζήτησιν ἀ. σφέων γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.2.54</span>; ἐπράχθη οὐδὲν ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἔργον ἀξιόλογον <span class="bibl">Th.1.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.61</span>; ἀ. τινος ὄνασθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>528a</span>, etc.; so <b class="b3">τἀπ' ἐμοῦ, τἀπὸ σοῦ</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>74</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1628</span>; τὰ ἀ. τῶν Ἀθηναίων <span class="bibl">Th.1.127</span>; in later Greek freq. of the direct agent, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.34.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.5.4.12</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.9.12</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>9.22</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>20.8.10</span>, etc.; in codd. this may sts. be due to confusion with <b class="b3">ὑπό</b>, but cf. <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.256, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span> 1185.26</span>(Aug.), <span class="title">SIG</span>820.8(Ephesus, i A. D.), etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> of the source [[from]] which life, power, etc., are sustained, ζῆν ἀπ' ὕλης ἀγρίης <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.203</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. κτήνεων καὶ ἰχθύων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">216</span>; ἀ. πολέμου <span class="bibl">Id.5.6</span>; ἀπ' ἐλαχίστων χρημάτων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.14</span>; ἀ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.1</span>; τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀ. τῶν νήσων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>4.8.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.99</span>; ἀ. τῶν κοινῶν πλουτεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>569</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.24.124</span>; ἀ. μικρῶν εὔνους . . γεγένησαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 788</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.18.102</span>; ἀφ' ὥρας ἐργάζεσθαι [[quaestum corpore facere]], <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Tim.</span>14</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> of the cause, means, or occasion [[from]], [[by]], or [[because of]] which a thing is done, ἀ. τούτου κριοπρόσωπον τὤγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς ποιεῦσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.42</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τινος ἐπαινεῖσθαι, θαυμάζεσθαι, ὠφελεῖσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.25</span>,<span class="bibl">6.12</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.1.2</span>; ἀ. τῶν ξυμφορῶν διαβάλλεσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.5.17</span>; τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν ἀ. τινος <span class="bibl">Id.1.46</span>; ἀ. λῃστείας τὸν βίον ἔχειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 7.7.9</span>; ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων κρίνειν <span class="bibl">D.2.27</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ πάθους</b> [[in consequence of]]... <span class="bibl">Th.4.30</span>; βλάπτειν τινὰ ἀ. τινος <span class="bibl">Id.7.29</span>; κατασκευάσαντα τὸ πλοῖον ἀφ' ὧν ὑπελάμβανε σωθήσεσθαι <span class="bibl">D.18.194</span>; <b class="b3">τρόπαιον ἀ. τινος εἱστήκει</b> [[on occasion of]] his defeat, <span class="bibl">Id.19.320</span>; <b class="b3">τλήμων οὖσ' ἀπ' εὐτόλμου</b> φρενός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1302</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1643</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. δικαιοσύνης</b> [[by reason of]] it (v. l. for [[ὑπό]]), <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.164</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων</b> [[on]] the same [[scale of]] profits, <span class="bibl">D.3.34</span>, etc.; for <b class="b3">ὅσον ἀ. βοῆς ἕνεκα</b>, v. [[ἕνεκα]]: hence in half adverbial usages, <b class="b3">ἀ. σπουδῆς</b> in earnest, eagerly, <span class="bibl">Il.7.359</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦἴσου, ἀ. τῆς ἴσης</b>, or <b class="b3">ἀπ' ἴσης</b>, equally, <span class="bibl">Th.1.99</span>,<span class="bibl">15</span>, <span class="bibl">D.14.6</span>, etc.; ἀπ' ὀρθῆς καὶ δικαίας τῆς ψυχῆς <span class="bibl">Id.18.298</span>; ἀ. ἀντιπάλου παρασκευῆς <span class="bibl">Th.1.91</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ προφανοῦς</b> openly, ib.<span class="bibl">35</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ εὐθέος</b> straightforwardly, <span class="bibl">Id.3.43</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ αὐτομάτου</b> [[of]] free-will, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>323c</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. γλώσσης</b> [[by]] word of mouth, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.123</span> (but also, [[from]] hearsay, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>813</span>); ἀ. στόματος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142d</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπ' ὄψεως</b> [[at]] sight, <span class="bibl">Lys.16.19</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. χειρὸς λογίζεσθαι</b> [[on]] your fingers, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>656</span>; πεύθομαι δ' ἀπ' ὀμμάτων νόστον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 988</span>; <b class="b3">ὀμμάτων ἄπο</b> [[in]] the public gaze, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>216</span>; ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου ἄρχοντας καθίστασθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.9</span>; ἡ βουλὴ ἡ ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου <span class="bibl">Th.8.66</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>1.9; τοὺς ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου δισχιλίους ἄνδρας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>24.3</span>; <b class="b3">τριηράρχους αἱρεῖσθαι ἀ. τῆς οὐσίας</b> Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.106</span>; <b class="b3">ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ</b> [[from]] oneself, [[on]] one's own [[account]], <span class="bibl">Th.8.6</span>, etc.; ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ γνώμης <span class="bibl">Id.4.68</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. συνθήματος, ἀ. παραγγέλματος</b>, [[by]] agreement, [[by]] word of command, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.74</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.99</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. σάλπιγγος</b> [[by sound of]] trumpet, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>3.12</span> (s.v.l.); <b class="b3">ἐπίτροπος ἀ. τῶν λόγων</b>, = Lat. <b class="b2">procurator a rationibus, Ann.Epigr.</b>.<span class="bibl">1913.143a</span> (Ephesus, ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> of the object spoken of, <b class="b3">τὰ ἀ. τῆς νήσου οἰκότα ἐστί</b> the things [[told from]] or [[of]] the island... <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.195</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">54</span>, <span class="bibl">7.195</span>; νόμος κείμενος ἀ. τῶν τεχνῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>762</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> in Arc., Cypr., <b class="b3">ἀπύ</b> takes dat., <b class="b3">ἀπὺ τᾷ [ἁμέρᾳ</b>] <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).6 (Tegea); ἀπὺ τᾷ ζᾷ <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>135.8 H. (Idalion). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> in later Greek <b class="b3">ἀπό</b> is found c. acc., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>1.124.30</span> (iv/v A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">C</span> in Hom. frequent with Verbs in tmesi, as <span class="bibl">Il.5.214</span>, etc., and sts. in Prose, as <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.89</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">D</span> IN COMPOS.: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> [[asunder]], as <b class="b3">ἀποκόπτω, ἀπολύω, ἀποτέμνω</b>: and hence, [[away]], [[off]], as <b class="b3">ἀποβάλλω, ἀποβαίνω;</b> denoting, [[remoual]] of an accusation, as <b class="b3">ἀπολογέομαι, ἀποψηφίζομαι</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> [[finishing off]], [[completing]], <b class="b3">ἀπεργάζομαι, ἀπανδρόω, ἀπανθρωπίζω, ἀπογλαυκόω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> [[ceasing from]], [[leaving off]], as <b class="b3">ἀπαλγέω, ἀποκηδεύω, ἀπολοφύρομαι, ἀποζέω, ἀπανθίζω, ἀφυβρίζω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> [[back again]], as <b class="b3">ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω, ἀπόπλους</b>: also, [[in full]], or [[what is one's own]], as <b class="b3">ἀπέχω, ἀπολαμβάνω</b>: freq. it only strengthens the sense of the simple. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> [[by way of abuse]], as in <b class="b3">ἀποκαλέω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> almost = [[ἀ-]] priv.; sts. with Verbs, as <b class="b3">ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύω;</b> more freq. with Adjectives, as <b class="b3">ἀποχρήματος, ἀπότιμος, ἀπόσιτος, ἀπόφονος</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">E</span> <b class="b3">ἄπο</b>, by anastrophe for <b class="b3">ἀπό</b>, when it follows its Noun, as ὀμμάτων ἄπο <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1231</span>, etc.; never in Prose. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἄπο</b> for <b class="b3">ἄπεστι</b>, <span class="bibl">Semon.1.20</span>, <span class="bibl">Timocr.9</span>.</span> | ||
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Revision as of 14:55, 5 July 2020
English (LSJ)
Aeol., Thess., Arc., Cypr. ἀπύ Sapph.44, cf. 78, Alc.33, Theoc.28.16,IG12(2).6.45 (Mytil.), ἀπυδόμεναι ib.9(2).594 (Larissa), 5(2).6 (Tegea), etc.:—Prep. usually with Gen. but v. infr. B. (Cf. Skt.
A ápa, Lat. ab, Umbr. ap-ehtre 'ab extra', Goth. af, OE. af, cef, of, etc.) Orig. sense, from. [ᾰπο?~X: where ἀπο ¯ is found in Ep. before v or liquids (as ἀπὸ ἕθεν Il.6.62, ἀπὸ νευρῆς 11.664, Hes. Sc.409) ἀπαί was sometimes written in later texts, cf. Eust. 625.11:— ᾱ metri gr. in Ep. compds., such as ἀπονέεσθαι.] I OF PLACE, the earliest, and in Hom. the prevailing sense: 1 of Motion, from, away from, ἐσσεύοντο νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων Il.2.208; pleonastic, ἀ. Τροίηθεν ib.24.492; ἀπ' οὐρανόθεν 8.365 (later with Advbs., ἀπὸ ἔμπροσθεν LXX Ec.1.10, etc.); strengthd., ἐκτὸς ἀ. κλισιης Il.10.151; also ἀπ' αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο, implying departure from life, ib.24.725; opp. ἐξ, of relatively superficial motion, λαμβάνομεν οὔτε ἐκ τῆς γῆς οὐδέν, οὔτ' ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν X.Mem.2.7.2; similarly of the cause or ground, ἐξ ὧν προηγώνισθε καὶ ἀφ' ὧν εἰκάζω Th.4.126:— freq. of warriors fighting from chariots, etc., οἱ μὲν ἀφ' ἵππων, οἱ δ' ἀ. νηῶν . . μάχοντο Il.15.386; ἀφ' ἵππων μάρνασθαι Od.9.49; so ἡ μάχη ἦν ἀφ' ἵππων Hdt.1.79; λαμπὰς ἔσται ἀφ' ἵππων on horseback, Pl.R.328a; ἀφ' ἵππου θηρεύειν X.An.1.2.7; ἀ. νεῶν πεζομαχεῖν Th. 7.62; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶν αἰρόμενος τοὺς ἱστοὺς ἀ. τούτων ἐσκοπεῖτο X.HG 6.2.29; ὀμμάτων ἄπο . . κατέσταζον γένυν, of tears, E.Hec.240: joined with ἐκ, ἐκ Κορίνθου ἀ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου Pl.Tht.142a. 2 of Position, away from, far from, μένων ἀ. ἧς ἀλόχοιο Il.2.292 (cf. ἀπ' ἀνδρὸς εἶναι to live apart from a man or husband, Plu.CG4); κεκρυμμένος ἀπ' ἄλλων Od.23.110; μοῦνος ἀπ' ἄλλων h.Merc.193; ἀπ' ὀφθαλμῶν, ἀπ' οὔατος, far from sight or hearing, Il.23.53, 18.272, cf. 22.454; ἀ. θαλάσσης ᾠκίσθησαν Th.1.7, cf. 46; αὐλίζεσθαι ἀ. τῶν ὅπλων Id.6.64; ἀπ' οἴκου εἶναι Id.1.99; σπεύδειν ἀ. ῥυτῆρος far from, i.e. without using the rein, S.OC900; in Hom. freq. strengthd., τῆλε ἀ.... νόσφιν ἀ. .., Il.23.880, 5.322; in measurement of distances, ὅσον ιέ στάδια ἀ. Φυλῆς X.HG2.4.4, etc.; but later the numeral follows ἀ., πηγὰς ἔχων ἀ. μ σταδίων τῆς θαλάσσης D.S.4.56; ἀ. σταδίων κ τῆς πόλεως Plu.Phil.4; κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀ. ν σταδίων fifty stades away, Id.Oth.11, cf. D.Chr.17.17. 3 of the mind, ἀ. θυμοῦ away from, i. e. alien from, my heart, Il.1.562; ἀ. δόξης 10.324; οὐ . . ἀ. σκοποῦ οὐδ' ἀ. δόξης Od.11.344; ἀ. τοῦ ἀνθρωπείου τρόπου Th.1.76; οὐδὲν ἀ. τρόπου not without reason, Pl.R.470b; οὐκ ἀ. σκοποῦ, καιροῦ, Id.Tht.179c, 187e; οὐκ ἀ. γνώμης S. Tr.389; οὐκ ἀ. τοῦ πράγματος D.24.6; μάλα πολλὸν ἀπ' ἐλπίδος ἔπλετο A.R.2.863. 4 in pregnant sense, with Verbs of rest, previous motion being implied (cf. ἐκ), ἀνὰ δ' ἐβόασεν . . ἀ. πέτρας σταθείς E.Tr.523; ἀ.τῆς ἐμῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν [ἐκείνου] κεφαλὴν ἀναδήσω, i. e. taking the chaplet off my head, and placing it on his, Pl.Smp.212e: with Verbs of hanging, where ἐκ is more common, ἁψαμένη βρόχον ἀ. μελάθρου Od.11.278. 5 with the Article, where the sense of motion often disappears, οἱ ἀ. τῶν οἰκιῶν φεύγουσιν, i.e. οἱ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις φεύγουσιν ἀπ' αὐτῶν, X.Cyr.7.5.23; οἱ ἀ. τῶν πύργων . . ἐπαρήξουσι ib.6.4.18; αἴρειν τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆς Pl.Cra.410b; αἱ ἵπποι αἱ ἀ. τοῦ ἅρματος v.l. in Hdt.4.8; ὁ Ἀθηναῖος ὁ ἀ. τοῦ στρατεύματος X.An.7.2.19; τὸν ἀ. γραμμᾶς κινεῖ λίθον Theoc.6.18. 6 partitive, λαχὼν ἀ. ληΐδος αἶσαν part taken from the booty, a share of it, Od.5.40; αἴρεσθαι ἀ. τῶν καλπίδων Ar. Lys.539; ἀ. ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι παίδων εἷς μοῦνος Hdt.6.27; ὀλίγοι ἀ. πολλῶν Th.7.87, cf. A.Pers.1023. 7 Math., of figures described upon a base, κῶνον ἀναγράφειν ἀ. κύκλου Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.19, etc.; τὸ ἀ. τῆς AB τετράγωνον the square on AB, Euc.1.47, cf. 48; εἴδεα ἀ. . . Archim.Spir.10,11. 8 ἀ. ἀνθρώπου ἕως γυναικός man and woman, LXX1 Es.9.40; ἀ. ἀρσενικοῦ ἕως θηλυκοῦib.Nu.5.3. 9 from being, instead of, ἀθανάταν ἀ. θνατᾶς . . ἐποίησας Βερενίκαν Theoc.15.106. 10 privative, free from, without, ἀ. πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας PLips.16.19 (ii A. D.); ἀ. ζημίας PTeb420.4 (iii A. D.). II OF TIME, from, after, Hom. only in Il.8.54 ἀ. δείπνου θωρήσσοντο rising up from, i.e. after, cf. Hdt.1.133; ἀ. δείπνου εἶναι or γενέσθαι, Id.1.126, 2.78, 5.18, al.; ἀ. τοῦ σιτίου πίνειν Hp.Salubr.5; ἀ. τῶν σίτων διαπονεῖσθαι X.Lac. 5.8; in narrative, τὸ ἀ. τούτου or το̄δε, from this point onwards, Hdt.1.4,2.99; ἀ. τούτου τοῦ χρόνου Id.1.82, X.An.7.5.8; τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνου Luc.Tox.25; ἡμέρῃ δεκάτῃ ἀφ' ἧς . . Hdt.3.14, etc.; δευτέρῃ ἡμέρῃ ἀ. τῆς ἐμπρήσιος Id.8.55, cf. X.An.1.7.18, etc.; ἀφ' οὗ χρόνου Id.Cyr. 1.2.13; more often ἀπ' or ἀφ' οὗ, Hdt.2.44, Th.1.18, etc.; ἀφ' οὗπερ A.Pers.177; ἀφ' ἧς Plu.Pel.15; εὐθὺς ἀ. παλαιοῦ, ἀ. τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου, of olden time, Th.1.2,2.15; ἀπ' ἀρχᾶς Pi.P.8.25, etc.; ἀ. γενεᾶς X. Cyr.1.2.8; ἀφ' ἑσπέρας from the beginning of evening, i.e. at eventide, Th.7.29; ἀ. πρώτου ὕπνου ib.43; ἀ. μέσων νυκτῶν Ar.V.218; ἀπ' ἀγροῦ fresh from field-work, Ev.Marc.15.21, cf. 7.4; ἀ. νουμηνίας X.An.5.6.23; χρονίζειν ἀ. τοῦ καιροῦ tarry beyond the time, LXX2 Ki. 20.5; ἀ. τέλους ἐννέα μηνῶν at the end of... ib.24.8; γενόμενος ἀ. τῆς ἀρχῆς Plu.Caes.5: hence ἀ. ἀγωνοθετῶν an εχ-ἀγωνοθέτης, IG3.398; ἀ. λογιστῶν POxy.1103.3 (iv A. D.); οἱ ἀ. ὑπατείας, = consulares, Hdn.7.1.9, etc.; but ἀ. τινος the freedman of .., IG5(2).50.59(Tegea, ii A. D.), cf.ib.5(1).1391 (Andania), 1473. III OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.: 1 of that from which one is born, οὐ γὰρ ἀ. δρυός ἐσσι οὐδ' ἀ. πέτρης not sprung from oak or rock, Od.19.163; γίγνονται δ' ἄρα ταί γ' ἔκ τε κρηνέων ἀ. τ' ἀλσέων 10.350, cf. S.OT415, OC571, etc.: sts. ἀπό denotes remote, and ἐκ immediate, descent, τοὺς μὲν ἀ. θεῶν, τοὺς δ' ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν θεῶν γεγονότας Isoc.12.81, cf. Hdt.7.150; πέμπτη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ γέννα A.Pr.853; τρίτος ἀ. Διός third in descent from Zeus, Pl.R. 391c; οἱ ἀ. γένους τινός his descendants, Plu. Them.32; Περσέως ἀφ' αἵματος E.Alc.509: of the place one springs from, ἵπποι . . ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος Il.2.839. cf. 849; Ἡρακλεῖδαι οἱ ἀ. Σπάρτης Hdt.8.114, cf. Th.1.89, etc.; τοὺς ἀ. Φρυγίας X.Cyr.2.1.5, etc.:hence, b metaph. of things, Χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι Od.6.18; θεῶν ἄπο μήδεα εἰδώς ib.12; γάλα ἀ. βοός A.Pers.611; μῆνις ἀφ' ἡμῶν Id.Eu.314; ἡ ἀφ' ὑμῶν τιμωρία Th.1.69; ὁ ἀ. τῶν πολεμίων φόβος fear inspired by the enemy, X.Cyr.3.3.53. c of persons, οἱ ἀ. τῆς χώρας, τῆς πόλεως, country folk, townsfolk, Plb.2.6.8, 5.70.8; and so of connection with the founder or leader of a sect, οἱ ἀ. Πυθαγόρου Luc.Herm.14; οἱ ἀ. Πλάτωνος Plu.Brut.2; οἱ ἀ. τοῦ περιπάτου, ἀ. τῆς Στοᾶς, etc., Luc.Cont. 6; generally οἱ ἀ. φιλοσοφίας καὶ λόγων philosophers and learned men, ibid.; οἱ ἀ. σκηνῆς καὶ θεάτρου stage players, Plu.Sull.2; οἱ ἀ. τῆς βουλῆς Id.Caes.10, etc.; ὁ ἀφ' ἑστίας παῖς, v. ἑστία; ἀπ' ἐξωμίδος with only an ἐξωμίς, S.E.P.1.153. 2 of the material from or of which a thing is made, εἵματα ἀ. ξύλου πεποιημένα Hdt.7.65; ἀπ' ὄμφακος τεύχειν οἶνον A.Ag.970, cf. S.Tr.704; ὅσσα ἀ. γλυκερῶ μέλιτος Theoc.15.117; ἔνδυμα ἀ. τριχῶν καμήλου Ev.Matt.3.4: hence στέφανος ἀ. ταλάντων ἑξήκοντα of or weighing 60 talents, Decr. ap. D. 18.92, cf. Plb.24.1.7, IG2.555.10, al.: hence of value, θύεν αἶγα ἀ. δραχμᾶν εἴκοσι GDI3707 (Cos); κρᾶσις ἀ. τε τῆς ἡδονῆς συγκεκραμένη καὶ ἀ. τῆς λύπης Pl.Phd.59a; so, by an extension of this use, εἰδεχθής τις ἀ. τοῦ προσώπου ugly of countenance, Thphr.Char.28.4; θῆλυν ἀ. χροιῆς Theoc.16.49; σεμνὸς ἀ. τοῦ σχήματος Luc.DMort.10.8. 3 of the instrument from or by which a thing is done, τοὺς . . πέφνεν ἀπ' ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο by arrow shot from silver bow, Il.24.605; τόξου ἄπο κρατεροῦ ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας 8.279; ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρός 10.371, 11.675; so ἀ. χειρὸς ἐργάζεσθαι μεγάλα Luc.Hist.Conscr.29; γυμνάζεσθαι ἀ. σκελῶν, χειρῶν, τραχήλου, X.Lac.5.9; μάχεσθαι ἀ. ἄκοντος Str.17.3.7; ἡ ἀ. τοῦ ξίφους μάχη D.S.5.29; βάπτειν τὸν δάκτυλον ἀ. τοῦ αἵματος LXX Le.4.7. 4 of the person from whom an act comes, i.e. by whom it is done, οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο Hdt.1.14; ζήτησιν ἀ. σφέων γενέσθαι Id.2.54; ἐπράχθη οὐδὲν ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἔργον ἀξιόλογον Th.1.17, cf. 6.61; ἀ. τινος ὄνασθαι Pl.R.528a, etc.; so τἀπ' ἐμοῦ, τἀπὸ σοῦ, E.Tr.74, S.OC1628; τὰ ἀ. τῶν Ἀθηναίων Th.1.127; in later Greek freq. of the direct agent, Plb.1.34.8, Str.5.4.12, D.H.9.12, Ev.Luc.9.22, J.AJ20.8.10, etc.; in codd. this may sts. be due to confusion with ὑπό, but cf. PMag.Par.1.256, BGU 1185.26(Aug.), SIG820.8(Ephesus, i A. D.), etc. 5 of the source from which life, power, etc., are sustained, ζῆν ἀπ' ὕλης ἀγρίης Hdt.1.203; ἀ. κτήνεων καὶ ἰχθύων ib.216; ἀ. πολέμου Id.5.6; ἀπ' ἐλαχίστων χρημάτων X.Mem.1.2.14; ἀ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς Id.An.6.1.1; τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀ. τῶν νήσων Id.HG4.8.9, cf. Th.1.99; ἀ. τῶν κοινῶν πλουτεῖν Ar.Pl.569, cf. D.24.124; ἀ. μικρῶν εὔνους . . γεγένησαι Ar.Eq. 788, cf. D.18.102; ἀφ' ὥρας ἐργάζεσθαι quaestum corpore facere, Plu. Tim.14. 6 of the cause, means, or occasion from, by, or because of which a thing is done, ἀ. τούτου κριοπρόσωπον τὤγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς ποιεῦσι Hdt.2.42; ἀ. τινος ἐπαινεῖσθαι, θαυμάζεσθαι, ὠφελεῖσθαι, Th.2.25,6.12, X.Cyr.1.1.2; ἀ. τῶν ξυμφορῶν διαβάλλεσθαι Th.5.17; τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν ἀ. τινος Id.1.46; ἀ. λῃστείας τὸν βίον ἔχειν X.An. 7.7.9; ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων κρίνειν D.2.27; ἀ. τοῦ πάθους in consequence of... Th.4.30; βλάπτειν τινὰ ἀ. τινος Id.7.29; κατασκευάσαντα τὸ πλοῖον ἀφ' ὧν ὑπελάμβανε σωθήσεσθαι D.18.194; τρόπαιον ἀ. τινος εἱστήκει on occasion of his defeat, Id.19.320; τλήμων οὖσ' ἀπ' εὐτόλμου φρενός A.Ag.1302, cf. 1643; ἀ. δικαιοσύνης by reason of it (v. l. for ὑπό), Hdt.7.164; ἀ. τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων on the same scale of profits, D.3.34, etc.; for ὅσον ἀ. βοῆς ἕνεκα, v. ἕνεκα: hence in half adverbial usages, ἀ. σπουδῆς in earnest, eagerly, Il.7.359; ἀ. τοῦἴσου, ἀ. τῆς ἴσης, or ἀπ' ἴσης, equally, Th.1.99,15, D.14.6, etc.; ἀπ' ὀρθῆς καὶ δικαίας τῆς ψυχῆς Id.18.298; ἀ. ἀντιπάλου παρασκευῆς Th.1.91; ἀ. τοῦ προφανοῦς openly, ib.35; ἀ. τοῦ εὐθέος straightforwardly, Id.3.43; ἀ. τοῦ αὐτομάτου of free-will, Pl.Prt.323c; ἀ. γλώσσης by word of mouth, Hdt.1.123 (but also, from hearsay, A.Ag.813); ἀ. στόματος Pl.Tht.142d; ἀπ' ὄψεως at sight, Lys.16.19; ἀ. χειρὸς λογίζεσθαι on your fingers, Ar.V.656; πεύθομαι δ' ἀπ' ὀμμάτων νόστον A.Ag. 988; ὀμμάτων ἄπο in the public gaze, E.Med.216; ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου ἄρχοντας καθίστασθαι X.Mem.1.2.9; ἡ βουλὴ ἡ ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου Th.8.66, cf. IG1.9; τοὺς ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου δισχιλίους ἄνδρας Arist.Ath.24.3; τριηράρχους αἱρεῖσθαι ἀ. τῆς οὐσίας Decr. ap. D.18.106; ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ from oneself, on one's own account, Th.8.6, etc.; ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ γνώμης Id.4.68; ἀ. συνθήματος, ἀ. παραγγέλματος, by agreement, by word of command, Hdt.5.74, Th.8.99; ἀ. σάλπιγγος by sound of trumpet, X.Eq.Mag.3.12 (s.v.l.); ἐπίτροπος ἀ. τῶν λόγων, = Lat. procurator a rationibus, Ann.Epigr..1913.143a (Ephesus, ii A. D.). 7 of the object spoken of, τὰ ἀ. τῆς νήσου οἰκότα ἐστί the things told from or of the island... Hdt.4.195, cf. 54, 7.195; νόμος κείμενος ἀ. τῶν τεχνῶν Ar.Ra.762. B in Arc., Cypr., ἀπύ takes dat., ἀπὺ τᾷ [ἁμέρᾳ] IG5(2).6 (Tegea); ἀπὺ τᾷ ζᾷ Inscr.Cypr.135.8 H. (Idalion). 2 in later Greek ἀπό is found c. acc., PLond.1.124.30 (iv/v A. D.). C in Hom. frequent with Verbs in tmesi, as Il.5.214, etc., and sts. in Prose, as Hdt.8.89. D IN COMPOS.: 1 asunder, as ἀποκόπτω, ἀπολύω, ἀποτέμνω: and hence, away, off, as ἀποβάλλω, ἀποβαίνω; denoting, remoual of an accusation, as ἀπολογέομαι, ἀποψηφίζομαι. 2 finishing off, completing, ἀπεργάζομαι, ἀπανδρόω, ἀπανθρωπίζω, ἀπογλαυκόω. 3 ceasing from, leaving off, as ἀπαλγέω, ἀποκηδεύω, ἀπολοφύρομαι, ἀποζέω, ἀπανθίζω, ἀφυβρίζω. 4 back again, as ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω, ἀπόπλους: also, in full, or what is one's own, as ἀπέχω, ἀπολαμβάνω: freq. it only strengthens the sense of the simple. 5 by way of abuse, as in ἀποκαλέω. 6 almost = ἀ- priv.; sts. with Verbs, as ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύω; more freq. with Adjectives, as ἀποχρήματος, ἀπότιμος, ἀπόσιτος, ἀπόφονος. E ἄπο, by anastrophe for ἀπό, when it follows its Noun, as ὀμμάτων ἄπο S.El.1231, etc.; never in Prose. 2 ἄπο for ἄπεστι, Semon.1.20, Timocr.9.
German (Pape)
[Seite 293] ab, ab, drückt im Allgemeinen die Entfernung von einem Gegenstande aus.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἀπό: Αἰολ. ἀπύ, Σαπφ. 50, Ἐπίγραμ. Μυτιλ. ἐν Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 2189, πρβλ. 4725. 5, 4727: πρόθ. μετὰ γεν. μόνον (Σανσκρ. καὶ Ζενδ. apa· Λατ. ab, au-, abs· Γοτθ. καὶ Παλαιο-Σκανδ. af· Ἀγγλο-Σαξ. of (πρβλ. τὰ ἀγγλ. of, off)· Παλ΄ Ὑψ. Γερμ. aba (von), Γερμ. ab- ἐν συνθέσει). Ἡ ἀρχικὴ σημασ. εἶναι ἀπὸ, δηλ. ἀπὸ τινος. [ᾰπο: ἀλλ’ ἐν τῇ παλαιᾷ ἐπ. ἡ λήγουσα ἐνίοτε ἐξετείνετο ἐν τῇ ἄρσει πρὸ ὑγροῦ, πρὸ τοῦ δ, ἢ πρὸ τοῦ δίγαμμα· οὕτω παρ’ Ἀττ. πρὸ τοῦ ῥ. Ἐν ταῖς τοιαύταις περιπτώσεσιν οἱ μεταγενέστεροι ποιηταὶ ἔγραφον ἀπαί, ὡς παραί, ὑπαί, Spitzn Vers. Her. σ. 52. Ἡ πρώτη συλλαβὴ μακρὰ ἐν τοῖς Ἐπικοῖς συνθέτοις, οἷον ἐν τῷ ἀπονέεσθαι, ὅπου ἄλλως ἡ λέξις δὲν θὰ ἠδύνατο νὰ σταθῇ ἐν τῷ στίχῳ.]
French (Bailly abrégé)
A. adv. (en poésie et en prose ion.) au loin, à l’écart : ἀπὸ χλαῖναν βάλλειν IL jeter au loin son manteau ; τινι ἀπὸ λοῖγον ἀμύνειν IL repousser au loin le fléau qui menace qqn;
B. prép. avec le gén.;
I. en venant de, de :
1 avec idée de lieu, avec ou sans mouv. : καπνὸς ἀπὸ χθονὸς ἀΐσσων OD fumée qui s’élève du sol ; ἀφ’ ἵππων, ἀπὸ νηῶν μάχεσθαι ou μάρνασθαι IL, OD combattre du haut des chars, de dessus les navires ; fig. ἀπ’ αἰῶνος ὀλέσθαι IL quitter la vie, mourir;
2 avec idée de temps à partir de, à la suite de : ἀπὸ δείπνου θωρήσσοντο IL au sortir de table, ils s’armaient de leurs cuirasses ; ἀπὸ δείπνου εἶναι ou γενέσθαι HDT avoir dîné ; ἀπὸ παίδων XÉN dès l’enfance ; τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου ou τοῦδε à la suite de cela ; ἀφ’ οὗ χρόνου ou simpl. ἀφ’ οὗ (ion. ἀπ’ οὗ) depuis que;
3 avec idée de descendance οὐκ ἀπὸ δρυὸς οὐδ’ ἀπὸ πέτρης OD (qui n’est issu) ni d’un chêne ni d’un rocher ; οἱ ἀπό τινος ATT les descendants de qqn ; ἀπὸ Σπάρτης HDT (celui, ceux) de Sparte ; οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πυθαγόρου les disciples de Pythagore ; fig. en parl. de choses κάλλος ἀπὸ Χαρίτων OD la beauté née des Grâces ; μήδεα ἀπὸ θεῶν OD les sages pensées qui viennent des dieux ; ἔβλητ’ ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρός IL il a été frappé d’un trait parti de ma main ; τἀπ’ ἐμοῦ SOPH ce qui est en mon pouvoir ; τὸ ἀπὸ σεῦ HDT ton avis ; καὶ βέβαια τἀπὸ σοῦ ; EUR et peut-on compter sur ce qui doit venir de toi, sur ton concours ? ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν ἀπό τινος THC recevoir un surnom par suite de qqe particularité ; κρίνειν ἀπ’ αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων DÉM juger d’après les œuvres mêmes ; ἀπό τινος θαυμάζεσθαι, διαβάλλεσθαι THC être admiré, calomnié à cause de qch ; ἀπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν δειπνήσετον AR vous souperez tous deux à mes frais ; avec un gén. d’instrument ou de moyen τοὺς πέφνεν ἀπ’ ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο IL il les tua de son arc d’argent ; ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἐργάζεσθαί τι LUC faire qch de sa main ; ἀπὸ γλώσσης de vive voix (mais οὐκ ἀπὸ γλώσσης ESCHL qui ne part pas seulement de la bouche) ; ἀπὸ κτηνέων ζώειν καὶ ἰχθύων HDT vivre de bétail et de poissons ; ἀπὸ κυάμου καθιστάσθαι ἄρχοντα XÉN instituer un magistrat par un vote (litt. au moyen d’une fève) ; avec un n. de matière ἀπὸ ξύλου πεποιημένος HDT (vêtement) fait de coton ; avec un gén. partitif βαία γ’ ἀπὸ πολλῶν ESCHL de tant de milliers, il reste bien peu ! avec un gén. d’objet ταῦτα μὲν τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ποταμῶν HDT voilà ce que j’avais à dire au sujet (litt. du côté) des fleuves;
II. hors de :
1 en séparant de, en éloignant de : ἐλευθεροῦν ἀπό τινος THC délivrer de qqn;
2 loin de : κεκρυμμένος ἀπ’ ἄλλων OD (signe) caché, hors de portée d’autrui, càd connu d’Ulysse et de Pénélope seuls et inconnus à tout autre ; en parl. de mesures itinéraires ὅσον πέντε καὶ δέκα στάδια ἀπὸ Φυλῆς XÉN environ à 15 stades de Phylè ; fig. hors de, contrairement à : πὸ σκόπου OD hors du but, autrement qu’il ne convient ; ἀπὸ δόξης IL contrairement à l’opinion qu’on a ; ἀπ’ ἐλπίδος ou ἀπ’ ἐλπίδων contre l’attente, contre l’espérance ; ἀπὸ ἀνθρωπείου τρόπου THC en dehors de l’ordre des choses humaines;
III. qqf en poésie après son régime, et alors accentué ἄπο : ὄμμάτων ἄπο (sang qui coule) des yeux, ou par le témoignage de mes yeux;
En compos. marque :
1 la séparation (ἀπολύω, ἀποτέμνω) ; l’éloignement (ἀπάγω, ἀπέρχομαι);
2 le changement (ἀπανδρόω, ἀπανθρωπίζω);
3 l’achèvement (ἀπεργάζομαι, ἀποτελέω) ; la cessation (ἀπαλγέω, ἀποζέω);
4 le retour (ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπόπλους);
5 la privation ou la négation (ἀπάνθρωπος, ἀπαυδάω).
Étymologie: cf. lat. ab.
English (Autenrieth)
from (a b).—I. adv. (here belong all examples of the so-called use ‘in tmesi’), off, away; ἡμῖν ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι, Il. 1.67; ἀπὸ δὲ χλαῖναν βάλε, Il. 2.183, etc.; a subst. in the gen. (of separation) is often added to render more specific the relation of the adv., ἀπ' χῶ χειρὸς ὀμόργνῦ, Il. 5.416; πολλόν γὰρ ἀπὸ πλυνοί εἰσι πόληος, Od. 6.40; thus preparing the way for the strict prepositional usage.—II. prep., w. gen., from, away from, denoting origin, starting-point, separation (distance); οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ δρυός ἐσσι παλαιφάτου, οὐδ' άπὸ πέτρης, ‘sprung from’ tree or rock, Od. 19.163 ; ἀφ' ἵππων ἆλτο χαμᾶζε, ‘from his car,’ Il. 16.733; so freq. ἀφ' ἵππων, ἀπὸ νεῶν μάχεσθαι, where we say ‘on’; οὐκ ἀπὸ σκοποῦ οὐδ' ἀπὸ δόξης | μῦθεῖται βασίλεια, ‘wide of,’ i. e. she hits the mark and meets our views, Od. 11.344 ; μένων ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο, ‘away from’ his wife, Il. 2.292; so ἀπ' οὔατος, ἀπ ὀφθαλμῶν; adverbial phrase, ἀπὸ σπουδης, ‘in earnest,’ Il. 12.237. The ‘temporal’ meaning commonly ascribed to ἀπὸ in Il. 8.54 is only implied, not expressed by the preposition.
English (Slater)
ᾰπό (
1 ἄπο (O. 3.9), (O. 1.13), (P. 5.7), (N. 3.8) 84, (I. 4.53), Πα. 20. 11, 13)
1 prep. c. gen.
a with a verb of motion, from Πίσα τᾶς ἄπο νίσοντ' ἐπ ἀνθρώπους ἀοιδαί (O. 3.9) Ἴστρου ἄπο σκιαρᾶν παγᾶν (O. 3.14) Ἀρκαδίας ἀπὸ δειρᾶν (O. 3.27) ἀπὸ Στυμφαλίων τειχέων (O. 6.99) Λερναίας ἀπ' ἀκτᾶς (O. 7.33) ἀπὸ Μαντινέας (O. 10.70) τᾶν λιπαρᾶν ἀπὸ Θηβᾶν φέρων (P. 2.3) ἀπ' Ἀρκαδίας (P. 3.26) αἶψα δ' ἀπὸ κλισιᾶν ὦρτο (P. 4.133) ἔκ τε Πύλου καὶ ἀπ' ἄκρας Ταινάρου (P. 4.174) ἀπ' Ἄργεος ἤλυθον (P. 8.41) στεῖχ' ἀπ Αἰγίνας (N. 5.3) φεῦγε γὰρ πατρίων οἴκων ἀπό τ' Ἄργεος (N. 9.14) Ἀνταίου δόμους Θηβᾶν ἄπο Καδμειᾶν ἦλθ' ἀνήρ (I. 4.53)
b out of, from out of, from, generally ἄνθεμα δὲ χρυσοῦ φλέγει ἀπ' ἀγλαῶν δενδρέων (O. 2.73) [ἀπ byz.: ὑπ codd. (O. 5.14) ] φιάλαν ὡς εἴ τις ἀφνειᾶς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἑλὼν δωρήσεται νεανίᾳ γαμβρῷ (O. 7.1) ἀλλὰ νῦν ἑκαταβόλων Μοισᾶν ἀπὸ τόξων ἐπίνειμαι ἀκρωτήριον Ἄλιδος (O. 9.5) θύγατρ' ἀπὸ γᾶς Ἐπειῶν Ὀπόεντος ἀναρπάσαις (O. 9.58) αἰθέρος ψυχρῶν ἀπὸ κόλπων ἐρήμου βάλλων (O. 13.88) [ἀπὸ coni. Stone: ἐρέω codd.: ἄρα Wil. (P. 1.77) ] φλόγ' ἀπὸ ξανθᾶν γενύων πνέον (P. 4.225) τὸ δ' ἐμὸν γαρύει ἀπὸ Σπάρτας ἐπήρατον κλέος (P. 5.73) δόξαν ἱμερτὰν ἀγαγόντ' ἀπὸ Δελφῶν (P. 9.75) ἀφθονίαν ὄπαζε μήτιος ἁμᾶς ἄπο (N. 3.9) Νεμέας Ἐπιδαυρόθεν τ' ἄπο καὶ Μεγάρων δέδορκεν φάος (N. 3.84) Κλεωναίου τ' ἀπ ἀγῶνος ὅρμον στεφάνων πέμψαντα καὶ λιπαρᾶν εὐωνύμων ἀπ Ἀθανᾶν (N. 4.17) καὶ τίς ἄνδρας ἀλκίμους δαίμων ἀπ' Οἰνώνας ἔλασεν (N. 5.16) χρὴ δ' ἀπ Ἀθανᾶν τέκτον' ἀεθληταῖσιν ἔμμεν (N. 5.49) ἔρνεα πρῶτος λτ;ἔνεικενγτ; ἀπ' Ἀλφεοῦ (N. 6.18) ὥτ' ἀπὸ τόξου ἱείς (N. 6.28) ἄραντο γὰρ νίκας ἀπὸ παγκρατίου τρεῖς ἀπ' Ἰσθμοῦ, τὰς δ ἀπ εὐφύλλου Νεμέας (I. 6.60) —1. ἀπὸ προθύρων βαθύκολπον ἀνερέψατο παρθένον (Pae. 6.135) ὀμμ]άτων ἄπο σέλας ἐδίνασεν (Pae. 20.13) κελάρυξεν ὡς ἀπὸ κρανᾶν φέρτατον ὕδωρ *fr. 104b. 2* ἀπὸ τᾶς ἀγλαοκάρπου Σικελίας ὄχημα δαιδάλεον ματεύειν fr. 106. 6. στάσιν ἀπὸ πραπίδος ἐπίκοτον ἀνελών fr. 109. 3.
c down from Δωρίαν ἀπὸ φόρμιγγα πασσάλου λάμβαν (O. 1.17) ὠκυπόρων ἀπὸ ναῶν ὅ σφιν ἐν πόντῳ βάλεθ' ἁλικίαν (P. 1.74) καὶ γὰρ αὐτὰ ποσσὶν ἄπεπλος ὀρούσαισ' ἀπὸ στρωμνᾶς (N. 1.50) εὖτ' ἂν αἰπεινῶν ἀπὸ σταθμῶν ἐς εὐδείελον χθόνα μόλῃ (P. 4.76) χαμαὶ καταβαὶς ἀφ' ἁρμάτων (N. 6.51) ἀπὸ Ταυγέτου πεδαυγάζων ἴδεν Λυγκεὺς (N. 10.61)
d
I far from, deprived of Ἄτλας οὐρανῷ προσπαλαίει νῦν γε πατρῴας ἀπὸ γᾶς ἀπό τε κτεάνων (P. 4.290)
II from off δρέπων μὲν κορυφὰς ἀρετᾶν ἄπο πασᾶν (O. 1.13) μελέων ἄπο ποικίλον [σπά]ργανον ἔρριψεν (Pae. 20.11)
e
I won from ἕκτος οἷς ἤδη στέφανος περίκειται φυλλοφόρων ἀπ' ἀγώνων (O. 8.76) ἄγοντι δέ με πέντε μὲν Ἰσθμοῖ νῖκαι, δύο δ' ἀπὸ Κίρρας (P. 7.16) πέμπτον ἐπὶ εἴκοσι τοῦτο γαρύων εὖχος ἀγώνων ἄπο (N. 6.59)
II coming from συμβαλεῖν μὰν εὐμαρὲς ἦν τό τε Πεισάνδρου πάλαι αἷμ' ἀπὸ Σπάρτας (N. 11.34) ἀπὸ Ταυγέτοιο μὲν Λάκαιναν ἐπὶ θηρσὶ κύνα τρέχειν πυκινώτατον ἑρπετόν fr. 106. 1. ὅπλα δ' ἀπ Ἄργεος fr. 106. 5. ὕδωρ Τιλφώσσας ἀπὸ καλλικράνου fr. 198b.
III begotten from υἱὸς Δανάας· τὸν ἀπὸ χρυσοῦ φαμὲν αὐτορύτου ἔμμεναι (P. 12.17) ἐκ δὲ Κρόνου καὶ Ζηνὸς ἥρωας αἰχματὰς φυτευθέντας καὶ ἀπὸ χρυσεᾶν Νηρηίδων Αἰακίδας ἐγέραιρεν (N. 5.7) κράτησεν ἀπὸ ταύτας αἷμα πάτρας Καλλίας (N. 6.35) θνατᾶς δ' ἀπὸ ματρὸς ἔφυ fr. 61. 5.
f from the time of, since ἐθελήσω τοῖσιν ἐξ ἀρχᾶς ἀπὸ Τλαπολέμου ξυνὸν ἀγγέλλων διορθῶσαι λόγον (O. 7.20) μὴ κρύπτε κοινὸν σπέρμ' ἀπὸ Καλλιάνακτος (O. 7.93) νιν κλυτᾶς αἰῶνος ἀκρᾶν βαθμίδων ἄπο σὺν εὐδοξίᾳ μετανίσεαι (P. 5.7) ἔν τε Μοίσαισι ποτανὸς ἀπὸ ματρὸς φίλας (ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡλικίας. Σ.) (P. 5.114) τελέαν δ' ἔχει δόξαν ἀπ ἀρχᾶς (P. 8.25)
g ἀπὸ γλώσσας, simm. αἶνος ὃν ἀπὸ γλώσσας Ἄδραστος ἐς Ἀμφιάρηον φθέγξατ (O. 6.13) εἰ χρεὼν τοῦθ' ἁμετέρας ἀπὸ γλώσσας κοινὸν εὔξασθαι ἔπος (P. 3.2) πολὺν ῥόθον ἵεσαν ἀπὸ στομάτων Ἐλείθυιά τε καὶ Λάχεσις (Pae. 12.16) πρὶν μὲν ἕρπε τὸ σὰν κίβδηλον ἀνθρώποισιν ἀπὸ στομάτων Δ. 2. 3.
h from, as a result of κοιτάξατο νύκτ' ἀπὸ κείνου χρήσιος (O. 13.76)
2 in tmesis. ἀπὸ ἔχειν (O. 2.69) ἀπὸ ῥίψον (O. 9.35) ἀπὸ εἴργοντες (O. 13.59) ἀπὸ ἀμβλύνει (P. 1.82) ἀπὸ λιπὼν (P. 3.101) ἀπὸ δώσω (P. 4.67) ἀπὸ ῥίψαις (P. 4.232) ἀπὸ καὶ θανών (I. 7.30) ἀπὸ δρέπεσθαι fr. 122. 8. ἀπὸ ὤθεον fr. 166. 3.
3 fragg. ἀπὸ καὶ πατρός Πα. 7C. 9. ἁμετέρας ἄπ[ο (supp. Lobel) fr. 59. 8.
Spanish (DGE)
• Alolema(s): eol., arcad., chipr. y tes. ἀπύ Sapph.27.6, 94.5, Alc.58.21, Theoc.28.16; poét. ἀπαί Emp.B 134, cf. Eust.625.12, Orác. en Porph.Plot.22.39
• Grafía: formas c. apócope ἀπ πατέρων Alc.6.17, tes. ἀτ τᾶς πρεσβείας IG 9(2).517.12 (Larisa III a.C.); formas c. elisión ἀπ' Ἄργεος Il.2.287, c. asimil. ἀφ' ἵπποιιν Il.5.13
• Prosodia: [ᾰ-]
• Morfología: [ἄπο como adv. y como prep. en anástrofe]
A Iἄπο lejos, aparte κακῶν ἄπ' οὐδέν ninguna cosa hay libre de males Semon.1.20, ᾧ συμβουλεύειν χὲρς ἄπο, νοῦς δὲ πάρα Timocr.9W.
II combinado c. adv. o c. otras prep. de, desde ἀπὸ πρός LXX 1Re.26.11, ἀπὸ πέραν LXX Id.7.25
•esp. c. adv. en -θεν, ἀπὸ μακρόθεν LXX 2Es.3.13, Eu.Matt.26.58, Polem.Phgn.15.
B prep. de gen.
I c. mov. desde de, desde
1 c. suj. de pers. o asimilado más verb. de traslado (tr. o intr.) más ἀπό más lugar:
a) ἀπό más lugar habitado, construcciones ἔθνεα πολλὰ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων ... ἐστιχόωντο Il.2.91, στείχοντες ἀπ' Ἄργεος Il.2.287, οὐδ' ἀφ' ἑστίας συθείς sin separarse de su hogar A.Pers.866, ἀπὸ δωμάτων ... ἔβα E.El.588, ἢν ... τοὺς βαρβάρους ἀπὸ Ἐπιδάμνου ἀπαγάγωσι Th.1.28, cf. 128, ἀνὴρ ἀπὸ τείχους εἰσιών Ar.Th.495
•ἀπό más accidente geográfico πέμπ' ἀπὸ νήσου Od.5.263, γᾶς ἀπὺ πειράτων ἦλθον Alc.345.1, cf. X.Ages.9.4, ἵει σαυτὸν ... ἀπὸ γῆς Ar.Pax 159, τάν ποτε Ἴστρου ... ἀπὸ παγᾶν ἔνεικεν Ἀμφιτρυωνιάδας Pi.O.3.14, πνοαὶ δ' ἀπὸ Στρυμόνος μολοῦσαι A.A.193, cf. Hdt.1.206, ἀπ' Οὐλύμπω δὲ μολοῖσα Theoc.20.38, ἐρχόμενον ἀπ' ἀγροῦ que venía del campo, Eu.Marc.15.21, de cosas concr. ἀπαίρετε ... ἀπὸ τῶν καλπίδων apartaos de las urnas Ar.Lys.539
•ἀπό más puntos cardinales, direcciones ῥέει ... ἀπὸ βορέω Hdt.4.54, cf. 2.31, ἀμῦναι ... ἀπὸ τοῦ δεξιοῦ Th.8.105, transf. articular τὴν ἀφ' ἡλίου βολῶν κέλευθον S.Ai.877
•desde la meta ἄφες ἀπὸ βαλβίδων Ar.Eq.1159, cf. Pl.Phdr.254e, ἀπὸ νύσσης τέτατο δρόμος Il.23.758
•precisando más la procedencia Ἀρίσβηθεν φέρον ἵπποι ... ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος (al cual) le traían los caballos de Arisba, desde el río Seleente, Il.2.839, cf. 849, ἐκ Κορίνθου ἀπὸ τοῦ στρατοπέδου Pl.Tht.142a
•c. indicación del punto de llegada ἀπὸ πόλεως εἰς πόλιν Eu.Matt.23.34, cf. LXX De.30.4
•hipercar. esp. c. formas en -θεν: ἀπὸ Τροίηθεν ἰόντα Il.24.492, ἀπ' οὐρανόθεν προΐαλλεν Il.8.365;
b) ἀπό más pers. o partes del cuerpo en vez de lugar τούτω δ' οὐ ... ἀποίσετον ... ἵπποι ... ἀφ' ἡμείων los caballos no alejarán de nosotros a estos dos, Il.5.258, ὦσαν ἀπὸ σφείων Il.4.535, θυμὸς ᾦχετ' ἀπὸ μελέων Il.13.672, uso pregnante θυμὸν ἀπὸ μελέων δῦναι δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω que su alma (saliendo) de sus miembros se hundiera en el Hades, Il.7.131;
c) c. verb. de mov. fig. o que indica separación más ἀπό más pers. o abstr. οἱ Ἴωνες καὶ ὅσοι ἀπὸ βασιλέως ... ἠλευθέρωντο los jonios y cuantos pueblos se habían liberado del Rey Th.1.95, Εὔβοια ἀπέοτη ἀπὸ Ἀθηναίων Th.1.114, ἀπολύεσθαι ἀπὸ ἀνδρός separarse del marido, Eu.Luc.16.18, ἀπὸ τοῦ βελτίστου πρὸς τὰ κοινὰ προσέρχονται Pl.Ep.358b, cf. R.529a, 613b, τὸ δ' ἀγαθὸν λέγεσθαι ... ἀφ' οὗ συμβαίνει τὸ ὠφελεῖσθαι el bien es dicho de aquello de donde procede lo útil Chrysipp.Stoic.3.18., ἀποπηδήσαντες ἀπὸ τοῦ λόγου saliéndose del debate Pl.Tht.164c;
d) c. verb. que significan ‘esconder’, ‘ocultar’ σήμαθ' ... κεκρυμμένα ... ἀπ' ἄλλων Od.23.110, ἐκρύβη ἀπὸ ὀφθαλμῶν σου Eu.Luc.19.42.
2 c. suj. de pers. o cosa más verb. de acción o proceso más ἀπό más lugar, pers. o abstr. de, desde:
a) c. verb. que indican ‘(des)atar’, ‘(des)colgar’ ἀπὸ πασσάλου ... τόξα ... ἑλόμην Il.5.209, ἁψαμένη βρόχον ... ἀφ' ὑψηλοῖο μελάθρου tras haber colgado una cuerda del elevado techo, Od.11.278, δοκοὺς ... ἀρτήσαντες ... ἀπὸ τῆς τομῆς Th.2.76, ἀπὸ ὑψηλοῦ κρεμασθείς Pl.Tht.175d
•ἀπὸ μηχανῆς ex machina, suspendido de la tramoya Τιμοκράτης δὲ μόνος, ὥσπερ ἀπὸ μηχανῆς, μαρτυρεῖ D.40.59, cf. Alex.126.9, Arist.Po.1454b2, ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεὸς ἐπεφάνης Men.Fr.243;
b) c. verb. que indican ‘levantar’, ‘quitar’, ‘cortar’, ‘sacar’, tb. ‘caer’, etc., frec. c. partes del cuerpo ἀπ' ἐμεῖο κάρη τάμοι Il.5.214, ῥῆξεν δ' ἀπὸ τοῖο τένοντας Il.16.587, ἀπ' ὤμων τεύχε' ἕλοντο Il.7.122, cf. Theoc.22.182, τὰ μακρὰ τείχη ἀπορρήξαντες ἀπὸ τῆς ... πόλεως Th.4.69
•ἁρπάζοντες ἀπὸ τῶν θηλέων ... τὰ τέκνα Hdt.2.66, τὸ ἐλεγεῖον ... ἐξεκόλαψαν ... ἀπὸ τοῦ τρίποδος Th.1.132, ἡμᾶς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ... ξυμμαχίας ... εἴρξουσι Th.1.35, πίπτειν ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης Eu.Matt.15.27
•c. formas en -φι Il.11.374, usos pregnantes ἀπ' αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο has muerto joven (arrebatado) de la vida, Il.24.725, ἵνα ἀπὸ τῆς ἐμῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν τοῦ σοφωτάτου ... κεφαλὴν ... ἀναδήσω para que (quitando la corona) de mi cabeza, corone la del más sabio Pl.Smp.212e, εὖρον αὐτὸν ... ἀπὸ ἀρρωστίας lo encontraron (salido) de la enfermedad, convaleciente Dor.Ab.M.88.1736A
•transf. articular ὅτι αἴρει τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς (el aire se llama así) porque levanta las cosas de la tierra Pl.Cra.410b;
c) c. verb. que indican ‘salir’, ‘brotar’, ‘verter’, ‘derramar’ πῦρ δαῖεν ἀπὸ κρατός τε καὶ ὤμων Il.5.7, χαλκὸς ἀπ' αὐτόφιν ... οὐρανὸν εἴσω λάμπ' Il.11.44, τοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ γλώσσης μέλιτος γλυκίων ῥέεν αὐδή Il.1.249, cf. Hes.Th.97, E.Hec.240, χεῖρες ἀπ' ὤμων ἀίσσοντο Hes.Th.671, cf. Emp.B 29.1;
d) c. verb. de ‘lanzar’, ‘disparar’ ὀϊστὸν ἀπὸ νευρῆφιν ἴαλλεν Il.8.300, cf. Hes.Sc.409, ἀπ' ἀγκύλης ἵησι en el juego del cótabo, B.Fr.17, cf. Cratin.273
•κινήσω τὸν ἀφ' ἱερᾶς moveré la (ficha) desde la línea sacra e.d. me jugaré el todo por el todo fig. c. ref. al juego de los πεττοί Epich.162, cf. Sophr.133, Theoc.6.18;
e) c. verb. que indican una actividad desde animal o vehículo desde μάχοντο ... οἱ μὲν ἀφ' ἵππων, οἱ δ' ἀπὸ νηῶν Il.15.386, ἀφ' ἵππων ... μάρνασθαι Od.9.49, πεζομαχεῖν ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶν Th.7.62, ἀπὸ τῶν καταστρωμάτων μαχόμενοι Th.2.90, ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου X.An.1.2.7, transf. articulares οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν πύργων ... ἐπαρήξουσιν X.Cyr.6.4.18
•en usos pred. ἀφ' ἵππων a caballo μάχη ... ἦν ἀφ' ἵππων Hdt.1.79, λαμπὰς ἔσται ... ἀφ' ἵππων habrá una carrera de antorchas a caballo Pl.R.328a, τί δῆτα ληρείς ὥσπερ ἀπ' ὄνου καταπεσών; ¿qué tonterías dices como el que se cayó del burro? Ar.Nu.1273, cf. Pl.Lg.701c, Ar.V.1370;
f) en giros adv. c. abstr. ἀπὸ τοῦ πρόφανοῦς ... βοηθεῖν ayudar abiertamente Th.1.35, οὐδ' ... ἀπὸ τῆς ἴσης κοινὰς στρατείας ἐποιοῦντο no hacían expediciones comunes en pie de igualdad Th.1.15.
3 c. pers. más verb. de lengua y sentido:
a) ‘ver’, ‘decir’, ‘oir’ más ἀπό más lugar o instrum. ἀπὸ Ταϋγέτου ... ἴδεν Pi.N.10.61, ἐν ταῖς ναυσίν αἰρόμενος αὖ τοὺς ἱστοὺς ἀπὸ τούτων ἐσκοπεῖτο X.HG 6.2.29, cf. Pl.R.445c, ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους ἀποκρίνασθαι responder desde la muralla Th.2.74, ἐβρόντησεν ἀπ' ... Ὀλύμπου Od.20.103, μελίγηρυν ἀπὸ στομάτων ὄπ' ἀκοῦσαι Od.12.187, δίκας γὰρ οὐκ ἀπὸ γλώσσης θεοὶ κλύοντες los dioses escuchan reclamaciones no dichas de palabra A.A.813, ἀπὸ γλώσσας ... φθέγξατ' Pi.O.6.13, cf. P.3.2, ἐρεῖν ... τἀπὸ καρδίας σαφῶς E.IA 475, ἐντειλάμενος ... ἀπὸ γλώσσης ordenándole de palabra Hdt.1.123, Ἰλίαδα ὅλην ... ἀπὸ στόματος εἰπεῖν recitar toda la Ilíada de memoria X.Smp.3.5, cf. Mem.3.6.9, Philem.48, ἀφ' ὑμῶν γὰρ ἐξήχηται ὁ λόγος τοῦ Κυρίου 1Ep.Thess.1.8
•en uso c. atracción εἰσεῖδε ... στᾶσ' ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο ἀπὸ ῥίου Il.14.154, ἀνὰ δ' ἐβόασεν ... ἀ. πέτρας σταθείς desde allí, de pie sobre la roca dió un gran grito E.Tr.523;
b) c. verb. de sentimiento, en diversas locuciones ἀπὸ γλώσσης φίλον εἶναι ser amigo (sólo) de palabra Thgn.63, ὄλας φιλέην ... ἀπὺ καρδίας Theoc.29.4, ὅσον καὶ ἀπὸ βοῆς ... ὠργίζετο sólo de boquilla se encolerizó Th.8.92, cf. X.HG 2.4.31
•en frase hecha οὐκ ἀπ' ἄκρας φρενός no forzado A.A.805;
c) c. verb. de ‘ver’, ‘percibir’, a veces puede entenderse ἀπὸ como indicando agente o instrum. (cf. III, IV) ἴδοιτο ... ἀπ' ὄμματος que (nos) vea con sus ojos A.Supp.207, πεύθομαι δ' ἀπ' ὀμμάτων νόστον A.A.988, cf. E.Med.216, ἀπὸ Κόλχων ... μεμαθηκέναι haberse enterado por los Colcos Hdt.2.104, ὡς ... ἀνὴρ ἀπ' ἀνδρὸς ... φάτιν ... πύθηται A.Ch.736, cf. Th.3.26, ἀφ' ὧν ἐγὼ εἰκάζων por lo que yo conjeturo Th.4.126
•en frase adv. ὡς ἀπ' ὀμμάτων a la vista, a primera vista S.OC 15
•esp. en una percepción más intelectualizada desde, a partir de, con ἀπὸ γνώμης φέρειν φῆφον δικαίαν A.Eu.674, ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων κρίνειν D.2.27
•como adv. λέγειν ... ἀπὸ τοῦ παραχρῆμα hablar improvisando X.HG 1.1.30;
d) c. verb. más ἀπὸ más objeto del conocimiento ἐξιστορήσαντες τὰ ἐβούλοντο πυθέσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς Ξέρξεω στρατιῆς habiéndose enterado de lo que quisieron sobre el ejército de Jerjes Hdt.7.195.
4 c. uerba accipiendi:
a) de, de entre λαχών ἀπὸ ληΐδος αἶσαν Od.5.40, ἄγρει δ' οἶνον ἐρυθρὸν ἀπὸ τρυγός saca vino rojo desde la hez Archil.11.9, ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ λαβών tomando del común Th.6.17, cf. X.An.4.7.27, φῦκος ἀπὸ σκανᾶς ἀγοράσδειν Theoc.15.16, ἀπὸ σοῦ δανίσασθαι pedirte prestado, Eu.Matt.5.42
•βάπτειν τὸν δάκτυλον ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος LXX Le.4.7
•op. ἐκ: λαμβάνομεν οὔτε ἐκ γῆς οὐδὲν ... οὔτ' ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν X.Mem.2.7.2
•para expresar la resta ἆρον ... ἀπὸ τγ PRyl.27.9;
b) en usos pregnantes, frec. en inscr. de ofrendas ἀνέθεν ... δεκάταν ἀπὸ τῶμ πολεμίων SIG 80.2 (Olimpia V a.C.), cf. 79, ὃν (τρίποδα) ἀνέθεσαν οἱ Ἕλληνες ἀπὸ τῶν Μήδων ἀκροθίνιον Th.1.132, cf. Paus.5.24.7, ἀπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἀναθήματα Plu.2.870d.
II c. suj. de pers. o personif. más verb. de origen o expresión equivalente más ἀπό más pers.
1 de, procedente de indicando relación genética γίγνονται ... ταί γ' ἔκ τε κρηνέων ἀπό τ' ἀλσέων de ciertas sirvientas de Circe Od.10.350, οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ δρυός ἐσσι ... οὐδ' ἀπὸ πέτρης Od.19.163, cf. Il.22.126, Pl.Ap.34d, θνατᾶς δ' ἀπὸ ματρὸς ἔφυ Pi.Fr.61.5, cf. O.7.93, πεφύκαμεν ... ἀπὸ δυοτήνου πατρός A.Th.1032, ἆρ' οἶσθ' ἀφ' ὧν εἶ; ¿sabes acaso de quienes eres hijo? S.OT 415, πατέρων μὲν Μυκηναίων ἄπο γεγῶσιν E.El.35, ὅσοι ἀπ' Ἀθηνέων γεγόνασι Hdt.1.147, τοὺς μὲν ἀπὸ θεῶν, τοὺς δ' ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν θεῶν γεγονότας unos descendientes de dioses, otros hijos de los propios dioses Isoc.12.81, εὐπατρίδαι καὶ ἀπ' ἀμφοτέρων ὄντες siendo nobles por parte de padre y madre, por ambos lados E.Alc.920, cf. Hdt.7.97, ἀπὸ τῶν θεῶν ἀρχὴν δὲ ποιεῖσθαι πρέπον Theodect.7
•del Espíritu Santo τὸ πνεῦμα ... ἀπὸ θεοῦ ὄν Ign.Phil.7.1
•fig. de abstr. a partir de τό τε σιδηροφορεῖσθαι τούτοις ... ἀπὸ τῆς παλαιᾶς λῃστείας ἐμμεμένηκεν Th.1.5, ἀπὸ τοῦδε τὸ σφοδρὸν μίσος ἤρξατο πρῶτον ... γενέσθαι Th.1.103
•en sintagmas nominales c. numeral πέμπτη δ' ἀπ' αὐτοῦ γέννα la quinta generación a partir de él A.Pr.853.
2 c. sintagmas nominales de:
a) c. transf. articular más n. propio de pers. o asimilado τῶν ἀφ' Ἡρακλέους de los descendientes de Heracles Th.1.24
•esp. c. gen. de jefes de escuelas filosóficas οἱ ἀπὸ Πλάτωνος los seguidores de Platón, los platónicos Plu.Brut.2, οἱ ἀπὸ Πυθαγόρου los seguidores de Pitágoras, los pitagóricos Luc.Herm.14, cf. Ζηνόθεμις ... ὁ ἀπὸ τῆς στοᾶς ... τῶν δ' ἀπὸ τοῦ περιτάτου Κλεόδημος Luc.Symp.6;
b) indicando relación simplemente de procedencia de, procedente de βοός τ' ἀφ' ἁγνῆς ... γάλα A.Pers.611, c. abstr. μῆνις ἀφ' ἡμῶν A.Eu.314, καρποὺς ἀπὸ δενδρέων Hdt.1.202
•en uso pregnante Χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι teniendo una belleza procedente de las Gracias, Od.6.18, θεῶν ἄπο μήδεα εἰδώς sabedor de designios procedentes de los dioses, Od.6.12, cf. Plu.2.138d;
c) c. ἀπό más lugar de procedencia o de donde se realiza normalmente una actividad, neutraliz. los rasgos de mov. y procedencia de Ἡρακλεῖδαι οἱ ἀπὸ Σπάρτης Hdt.8.114, οἱ ἀπὸ Ἰωνίας καὶ Ἑλλησπόντου ξύμμαχοι Th.1.9, οἱ ἀπὸ Φρυγίας los de Frigia, los frigios X.Cyr.2.1.5
•ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος ἄνδρες soldados de vanguardia op. ἀπὸ τῆς οὐρᾶς (ἄνδρες) ‘los de retaguardia’, X.An.3.4.42, 43, ὥστε ἀνάγκην εἶναι ... φεύγειν ταχὺ τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν de suerte que era forzoso que ... huyeran rápido los de las casas X.Cyr.7.5.23, οἱ ἀπὸ δαμοσίας los de la tienda real X.HG 4.7.4, cf. Plu.2.785b, muy frec. en lit. heleníst. y tard. ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς πρεσβείας ἐγένοντο cuando fueron de embajadores, IG 9(2).517.4, cf. 12 (Larisa III a.C.), οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας los del campo, campesinos Plb.2.6.8, ὁ ἀπὸ γεωργῶν PMasp.155.7 (VI d.C.), οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς οὐραγίας la retaguardia Plb.5.14.7, οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς σκηνῆς καὶ θεάτρου los actores, gente de teatro Plu.Sull.2, οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς βουλῆς los senadores Plu.Caes.10, ὁ ἀπὸ σκριβῶν el escriba, PFlor.71 (IV d.C.), cf. BGU 112.6 (I d.C.)
•de cosas ἀπὸ Θαραπείας ἀμπελών una viña de la ciudad de Tarapia, AfP 5.393 (II d.C.), σημεῖον ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ Eu.Marc.8.11
•frec. la transf. articular va c. neutr. plu. lo relativo a πάλαι δὴ τἀπὸ σοῦ βραδύνεται hace tiempo que lo tuyo se retrasa, que tú te retrasas S.OC 1628, cf. E.Tr.74, Th.8.56, τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀθηναίων la política ateniense Th.1.127.
III usos instrum. (cf. tb. I 3 c)
1 c. suj. pers. más verb. de acción o proceso más ἀπὸ más instrumento a partir de, con, a:
a) c. ἀπό más instrumento τοὺς ... πέφνεν ἀπ' ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο Il.24.605, τόξου ἄπο κρατεροῦ ... ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας Il.8.279, μάχεσθαι ἀπὸ ἄκοντος Str.17.3.7, παραπλεῖν ἀπὸ κάλω navegar remolcados por cables Th.4.25
•esp. ἀπὸ χειρός con la mano ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἀλύξειν ... ὄλεθρον Il.10.371, cf. 11.675, ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἐργάζεσθαι μεγάλα Luc.Hist.Cons.29, λογίσαι ... φαύλως μὴ ψήφοις ἄλλ' ἀπὸ χειρός haz un cálculo sencillo, no con piedrecitas, con los dedos Ar.V.656
•ἀπὸ τῶν σκελῶν καὶ ἀπὸ χειρῶν καὶ ἀπὸ τραχήλου γυμνάζονται hacen ejercicios gimnásticos con piernas, brazos y cuello X.Lac.5.9, ποτίσαι ... ἀπὸ ποδός regar a pie (abriendo y cerrando acequias, regaderas y caballones, o moviendo un tipo de noria a pie) PRyl.157.21 (II d.C.)
•fig. ἀπὸ μικρῶν εὔνους αὐτῷ θωπευματίων γεγένησαι con pequeños halagos te has hecho amigo suyo Ar.Eq.788, πλέονες ἐξ ἀσκήσιος ἀγαθοὶ γίνονται ἢ ἀπὸ φύσιος Democr.B 242
•uso pregnante con, a τὴν γῆν ἐοῦσαν κυκλοτερέα ὡς ἀπὸ τόρνου que la tierra es redonda como hecha a torno Hdt.4.36, οὐδ' εἴ με χρύσειον ἀπὸ ῥαιστῆρος Ὅμηρον στήσητε ni aunque me hagáis surgir del martillo como un Homero de oro, AP 7.5 (Alc.Mess.)
•ἄρχοντας ἀπὸ τοῦ κυάμου καθιστάναι elegir arcontes con un haba, por sorteo X.Mem.1.2.9
•transf. art. βουλὴ ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ κυάμου el Consejo del haba, el de los elegidos por sorteo Th.8.66, cf. SEG 10.11.7 (Atenas V a.C.), Arist.Ath.24.3, ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ ξίφους μάχη batalla a espada D.S.5.29, ἁλιεῖς ἀπὸ ποδός pescadores de a pie, desde la orilla, BGU 220, 221, 756;
b) c. ἀπό más prendas con ἀπ' ἐξομίδος con solo la exomís S.E.P.1.153;
c) c. ἀπό más palabras, órdenes con, a ἀπὸ παραγγέλσεως a una orden X.An.4.1.5, ἀπὸ κελεύσματος Eub.8, cf. Th.2.92, D.S.3.15, ἀπὸ σάλπιγγος al toque de trompeta X.Eq.Mag.3.12 (cód.), ἐμαντεύσανθ' ὡς ἀφ' ἑνὸς στόματος (los astrólogos) profetizaron como a una voz, AP 11.159 (Lucill.);
d) c. ἀπό más abstr. o fig. convertido en usos adverb. ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις hablas seriamente, Il.7.359, ἀπὸ κράτους con todas sus fuerzas D.S.17.34, ἀπὸ τοῦ κρατίστου de buena fe Plb.6.56.3, 8.17.4, ἀπὸ τύχης por suerte Lys.21.10, ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου espontáneamente Th.2.72, ἀπὸ μιᾶς de una vez, PSI 286.22 (III/IV d.C.).
2 c. verb. de ‘fabricar’ más ἀπό más material con que se hace algo de, con ὅταν δὲ τεύχῃ ... ἀπ' ὄμφακος ... οἶνον A.A.970, cf. S.Tr.704, ὅσσα τ' ἀπὸ γλυκερῶ μέλιτος Theoc.15.117, εἵματα ... ἀπὸ ξύλων πεποιημένα Hdt.7.65, ἔνδυμα ἀπὸ τριχῶν καμήλου Eu.Matt.3.4
•fig. κρᾶσις ἀπό τε τῆς ἡδονῆς συγκεκραμένη ... καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς λύπης Pl.Phd.59a.
3 c. verb. de los medios económicos y vitales con, de, a base de εἰ γάρ τις καὶ χερσὶ βίῃ μέγαν ὄλβον ἕληται, ἢ ὅ γ' ἀπὸ γλώσσης ληίσσεται si alguien con sus propias manos quita a la fuerza una gran fortuna o la roba con su lengua Hes.Op.321-322, ζῆν ἀπὸ τῶν ὀλίγων vivir con poco Thgn.1156, ἀπ' ἐλαχίστων μὲν χρημάτων ... ζῶντα X.Mem.1.2.14, cf. Isoc.15.158, ἔθνεα ... ἀπ' ὕλης ἀγρίης ζώοντα Hdt.1.203, ἀπὸ κτηνέων ζώουσι καὶ ἰχθύων Hdt.1.216, cf. 2.36, 4.22, ἀπὸ λῃστείας τὸν βίον ἔχειν X.An.7.7.9, τὸ ζῆν ἀπὸ πολέμου καὶ λῃστύος Hdt.5.6, cf. X.Cyr.3.2.25, ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἔζων X.An.6.1.1, de expediciones guerreras τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων X.HG 4.8.9, ὁ μὲν ... δῆμος ἀπ' ἐλασσόνων ὁρμώμενος el pueblo ... disponiendo al comienzo de menos riquezas Th.2.65, cf. 1.114.
IV usos de causa o agente
1 a)usos de causa c. suj. de pers. o personif. más verb. de acción o proceso más ἀπό más pers. o abstr. a partir de, por, a causa de, de τλήμων οὖσ' ἀπ' αὐτόλμου φρενός A.A.1302, cf. 1643, ἀ. τούτου κριοπρόσωπον τοῦ Διὸς τὤγαλμα ποιεῦσι Hdt.2.42, τρόπαιον ἀ. αὐτῶν εἱστήκει se levantó por ello un trofeo D.19.320, ἀ. τούτου τοῦ τολμήματος ... ἐπῃνέθη por esta audacia fue alabado Th.2.25, ὀφελουμένοις ἀπ' αὐτῶν a los que se benefician a causa de ellos X.Cyr.1.1.2, τοὺς πολεμίους ... ἀπ' αὐτῶν βλάψαι Th.7.29, οὐκ ἐδύνατο ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου no podía a causa de la multitud, Eu.Luc.19.3, οὐδὲν γὰρ ἐπωλεῖτο ἀπὸ προνοίας τῶν Ἐρετριῶν pues no se vendía nada por la previsión de los eretrios Th.8.95
•ἀ. τοῦ φόβου por miedo, Eu.Luc.21.26
•οὐκ ἄξιον ἀπ' ὄψεως οὔτε φιλεῖν οὔτε μισεῖν οὐδένα por solo el aspecto no hay que amar u odiar a nadie Lys.16.19, cf. Antiph.33.2
•en sintagmas nominales o c. adj. εἰδεχθής τις ἀπὸ τοῦ προσώπου feo de cara Thphr.Char.28.4, θῆλυν ἀπὸ χροιᾶς Theoc.16.49, σεμνὸς ... ἀ. τοῦ ... σχήματος Luc.DMort.10.8
•para explicar la causa etim. ἀπ' ἀρχῆς Λαομέδων καλούμενος llamado Laomedonte por su cargo Antiph.73, ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν παρέχεσθαι Th.1.3;
b) c. palabras de convenio, tratado, etc. por, en virtud de ἀπὸ ξυνθήματος Th.7.22, ἐξεῖναι ... ἀπὸ ταύτης τῆς συγγραφῆς sea lícito en virtud de este contrato, POxy.373 (I d.C.), ἀπὸ παρασκευῆς en virtud de un arreglo o plan Th.1.133.
2 de, dependiente de, basado en, según
a) en usos predicativos νόμος τις ἐνθάδ' ἐστὶ κείμενος ἀπὸ τῶν τεχνῶν existe aquí una ley basada (en los méritos) en las artes Ar.Ra.762, ὅπου γὰρ ναυτικὴ δύναμίς ἐστιν ἀπὸ χρημάτων X.Ath.1.11, tb. ὅσσοι ἀπὸ γαστρὸς τὰς ἡδονὰς ποιήσονται Democr.B 235, cf. D.3.34, τριηράρχους αἱρεῖσθαι ... ἀπὸ τῆς οὐσίας elegir los trierarcos según sus patrimonios Decr. en D.18.106
•esp. en transf. articulares y sintagmas nominales ἡ ἀπὸ τιμημάτων πολιτεία constitución timocrática Pl.R.550c, cf. Isoc.12.131, Arist.Pol.1278a23, 1294b3;
b) de figuras geométricas a partir de, sobre, basado en ἐὰν ... ἀπὸ ... τοῦ γενομένου κύκλου κῶνος ἀναγραφῇ Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.19, ἀπὸ τῆς AB εὐθείας τετράγωνον ἀναγράψαι Euc.1.46, cf. 47, τρίγωνος ἀπὸ πεντάδος Plu.2.1018f.
3 ἀπό gramaticalizado como agente c. v. pas. o verb. intr. más ἀπό más pers. por οὐδέν γὰρ μέγα ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἔργον ... ἐγένετο Hdt.1.14, cf. 2.54, Th.1.17, ἄλλαι τε γνῶμαι ἀφ' ἑκάστων ἐλέγοντο Th.3.36, ἀπ' αὐτῶν ὄνασθαι Pl.R.528a, τὸ ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν Chrysipp.Stoic.2.161
•muy frec. en época heleníst. y tardía ἀπελευθερουθεὶς ἀπὺ Στράτουνος IG 9(2).594 (Larisa III a.C.), cf. Plb.1.34.8, Str.5.4.12, D.H.9.12, ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων Eu.Luc.9.22, cf. I.AI 20.186
•c. transf. articular ἡ ἀφ' ὑμῶν τιμωρία vuestra venganza Th.1.69, ὁ ἀ. τῶν πολεμίων φόβος el miedo producido por los enemigos X.Cyr.33.53
•Δαμύλον ἀπὸ Ἡρακλίδου a Dámilo, el liberto de Heraclides, IG 5(2).50.49 (Tegea II d.C.), cf. 5(1).1391 (Andania)
•ἀφ' ἑστίας μυηθεῖσα iniciada por o gracias al altar grado de los iniciados de Eleusis IG 22.3727, ἀφ' Ἑστίας μυεῖσθαι Is.Fr.24
•c. transf. articular ὁ ἀφ' ἑστίας παῖς Porph.Abst.4.5, ὁ, ἡ, ἀφ' ἑστίας, Ἐφ.Ἀρχ. 1894.176, 1885.146.
V indicando separación o distancia
1 de, lejos de, a distancia de
a) c. suj. de pers. o lugar y verb. indicando situación más ἀπό más pers. o lugar μένων ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο Il.2.292, ἀπὸ πτολέμοιο μένοντα Il.18.64, θεῶν πατρῴων ... ἄπο S.Fr.583.8, cf. 581.9, πλάζει δ' ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης vaga lejos de su tierra patria, Od.1.75, τὸν δ' ἐκίχανον ἐκτὸς ἀπὸ κλισίης Il.10.151, οὐκ ἐθέλεσκε μάχην ἀπὸ τείχεος ὀρνύμεν no quería suscitar batalla en campo abierto, Il.9.353, cf. 18.256
•c. adj. μοῦνος ἀπ' ἄλλων h.Merc.193, ἔρημοι ἀπὸ ἐνοίκων LXX Ie.51.2, cf. 2Ep.Clem.23
•c. transf. articular ὁ ἀπὸ ὀμμάτων γενόμενος el privado de ojos de Dídimo el ciego, Pall.H.Laus.4.1, para expresar distancias entre lugares πόλις ... κεῖται ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ... Ἐφύρη hay una ciudad lejos del mar, Efira Th.1.46, διεῖχον δὲ πολὺ ἀπ' ἀλλήλων Th.2.81, cuantificando las distancias ἐννέα πόδας ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀλλοτρίου φυτεύειν Sol.Lg.60a, cf. Parm.B 1.27, ἀπὸ τᾶς τριακονταπέδω, μᾶκος ἀπὸ τᾶν ἀπορροᾶν ἄχρι ἐς ποταμόν TEracl.1.26 (IV a.C.), ὅσον πεντεκαίδεκα στάδια ἀ. Φυλῆς X.HG 2.4.4, τὰς πηγὰς ἔχων ὁ ποταμὸς ἀπὸ τετταράκοντα σταδίων τῆς θαλάττης D.S.4.56, cf. Plb.1.17.8, Plu.Phil.4, κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀπὸ ν' σταδίων acampó a una distancia de cincuenta estadios Plu.Oth.11;
b) suj. varios c. εἰμί, γίγνομαι expresando rechazo ἀπ' οὔατος lejos de mis oídos, Il.18.272, 22.454, hόσστις κα λιποτελέει ... ἀπὸ Λοϙρῶν εἶμεν quien deje de pagar el impuesto, sea excluido de la sociedad de los locros, IG 92.718.15 (Calio V a.C.)
•en exclam. sin verb. ὢ ἀπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου A.Thom.A 44.
2 c. verb. de estado, lengua, acción más ἀπό más abstr. lejos, fuera de, sin κακῶν ἄπ' οὐδέν nada hay libre de males Semon.2.20
•frec. en litotes οὐχ ... ἔσσομαι οὐδ' ἀπὸ δόξης no seré motivo de decepción, Il.10.324, cf. Hdt.7.203
•sin ellos ἀπ' ἐλπίδος A.R.2.863, οὐ ... ἀπὸ σκοποῦ Od.11.344, cf. X.Smp.2.10, Pl.Tht.179c, Ti.25e, πεποιήκαμεν οὐδ' ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνθρωπείου τρόπου no hemos actuado fuera del modo humano de actuar Th.1.76, cf. Pl.R.470b, Tht.143c, 187e, οὐκ ἀπὸ γνώμης λέγεις no te falta razón S.Tr.389, οὐκ ἀπὸ ῥυσμοῦ no desatinadamente Call.Epigr.43.5, σπεύδειν ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος apresurarse a rienda suelta S.OC 900, cf. Phryn.PS p.41.2
•ἀπὸ πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας libre de toda suciedad, PLips.16.19 (II d.C.), ἀπὸ ζημίας sin culpa, PTeb.420.4 (III d.C.), καμίσιον ἀπὸ χρήσ(εως) una camisa fuera de uso, Stud.Pal.20.245.12 (VI d.C.).
3 indic. sustracción παλάσταν ἀπυλείποντα μόναν ἴαν παχέων ἀπὺ πέμπων al que le faltaba un solo palmo de los cinco codos Alc.350.7.
VI temp.
1 luego, después de
a) de comidas o acciones fijadas temporalmente ἀπὸ δ' αὐτοῦ (δείπνου) θωρήσσοντο Il.8.54, cf. Hdt.1.126, 133, Antipho 1.17, ἀπὸ τοῦ σιτίου πίνειν Hp.Salubr.5, ἀ. τῶν σίτων διαπονεῖσθαι X.Lac.5.8, ἀπὸ δορπηστοῦ κέκραγεν Ar.V.103, ἄδοντα ... ἀπ' ἀρίστου Men.Fr.230
•ἀπὸ λουτροῦ Epiph.Const.Haer.59.2, cf. Vit.Aesop.G 40 (v. VII 1 b)
•precisado por εὐθύς Plu.2.134a, ἀπ' αἰτίας εὐθὺς ἡ τιμωρία γέγραπται D.23.63
•transf. articular προσπίπτουσαι τοῖς ἀπὸ δείπνου cayendo sobre los que vienen de cenar Ar.Ec.694, cf. Pax 839;
b) c. palabras que indican divisiones temporales a partir de, desde ἀπ' αἰῶνος κακὸν ἐσθλῷ ἀντιφερίζει a partir de ese momento (de su vida) el mal aventaja al bien Hes.Th.609, ἀπ' ἀρχῆς desde el principio Hes.Th.425, Xenoph.B 18.1, Pi.P.8.25, A.Supp.344, Pl.Tht.206d, D.8.6, Anaxil.22.8, Plu.Caes.5, ἀπὸ παλαιοῦ Th.1.2, ἀπὸ τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου Th.2.15, ἀπ' Εὐκλείδου ἄρχοντος a partir del arcontado de Euclides And.Myst.87, cf. IPr.37.126 (II a.C.), ἀφ' Ἑστίας ἀρχόμενος empezando desde Hestia, e.d. desde la invocación a Hestia, desde el principio Ar.V.846
•ἀπὸ τούτου τοῦ χρόνου Hdt.1.82, cf. X.An.2.6.5, Ar.Nu.431, τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνου Luc.Tox.25
•ἀφ' οὗπερ desde que A.Pers.177, Isoc.12.148, ἀφ' οὗ S.OT 758, ἀπὸ τούτου Hdt.1.4, cf. 2.99, X.An.2.6.5, ἀφ' ὧν Th.7.79, esp. en la forma ἀφ' ἧς (tanto ἡμέρας como ὥρας) desde el momento que LXX 1Ma.1.11, Plu.Pel.4, Eu.Luc.7.45, Act.Ap.24.11
•ἀπὸ τέλους ἐννέα μηνῶν LXX 2Re.24.8;
c) c. divisiones dentro del día τὸν ἀλεκτρυόνα ... ἀφ' ἑσπέρας ... ἐξεγείρειν αὐτόν que el gallo le despertaba desde el anochecer Ar.V.100, cf. X.An.6.3.23, ἀπὸ ἑσπέρας εὐθύς Th.3.112, ἀπὸ δείλης Arist.HA 564a19, ἀπὸ μέσων νυκτῶν Ar.V.218
•ἀφ' ἑσπέρας ... πρὸς ὄρθρον de la noche a la mañana X.HG 2.4.24, ἀπὸ τῆς αὔριον Plu.2.214b, ἀπ' ἀνατολῶν ἐπὶ δυσμάς Pl.Def.411b, ἀπ' ὄρθρου Pl.Lg.951d.
2 para indicar la edad después de, de ἤστην δὲ ἄμφω ἀμφὶ τὰ πέντε καὶ τριάκοντα ἔτη ἀπὸ γενεᾶς eran los dos de unos treinta y cinco años desde su nacimiento e.d. de treinta y cinco años de edad X.An.2.6.30, cf. Cyr.1.2.8, Isoc.12.120, τὰ δέκα ἀφ' ἥβης los de diez años después de llegar a la edad militar, los del décimo reemplazo X.HG 2.4.32, Ages.1.31, ἔτη ἑπτὰ ἀ. τῆς παρθενίας αὐτῆς siete años desde que se casó, Eu.Luc.2.36, ἀπὸ παίδων ἀρξάμενοι X.Cyr.1.5.11
•c. adj. después de ἀθανάταν ἀπὸ θνατᾶς ... ἐποίησας Βερενίκαν Theoc.15.106.
3 en enumeraciones ἀ. ἀνθρώπου ἕως γυναικὸς ἐξαποστείλατε enviad desde los hombres a las mujeres e.d. a todos LXX 1Es.9.40, cf. Nu.5.3.
VII equivalente a gen. partit. y de precio
1 partit. de o no traducible
a) frec. c. numerales o pron. indef. ἀπ' ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι παίδων εἷς μοῦνος ἀπέφυγε Hdt.6.27, τίνα ἀπὸ τῶν δύω ἀπολύσω; Eu.Matt.27.21, βαιά γ' ὡς ἀπὸ πολλῶν bien poco (salvado) de tantas cosas A.Pers.1023, ὀλίγοι ἀ. πολλῶν ... ἐσώθησαν Th.1.110, cf. PTeb.299.13, PPetr.3.11.20, PIand.8.6;
b) c. verb. que significan ‘beber’, ‘comer’ ἐσθίει ἀπὸ τῶν ψιχίων come las migajas, Eu.Matt.15.27, ἀπὸ τοῦ βαλανείου πιεῖν (dar) a beber agua del baño (con juego de palabras sobre el uso temporal de ἀπό, v. VI 1 a) Vit.Aesop.G 40
•más gener. λαμβάνειν ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν Eu.Marc.12.2, αἴρειν ἀπὸ τῶν ἰχθύων recoger los restos del pescado, Eu.Marc.6.43.
2 de precio, c. medidas, valoraciones ἀπὸ ταλάντων ἑξήκοντα (una corona) de sesenta talentos Decr. en D.18.92, IG 22.1141.10 (IV a.C.), θύειν αἶγα ἀ. δραχμῶν εἴκοσι sacrificar una cabra de 20 dracmas, GDI 3707 (Cos), ἀπὸ γὰρ ἓξ σχοίνων ἐστιν ὁ αἰγιαλός PFlor.275.25 en BL 1.155 (III d.C.).
VIII trad. de algunas prep. lat.
1 de lat. a ἐπίτροπος ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων lat. procurator a rationibus, FE 3.46.6 (II d.C.), como adj. ἀπὸ χειρὸς ... Μαρκίου lat. a manu, amanuense de Marcio, IGR 3.678 (Licia I d.C.).
2 de lat. ex- Αὐρ(ή)λιος ... ἀπὸ φλάμενος Aurelio que fue flamen, exflamen, IGR 3.1332 (Arabia II/III d.C.), οἱ ἀπὸ ἀρχιερέων Chrys.M.58.721, τῶν ἀπὸ ὑπατείας ... τις uno de los consulares Hdn.7.1.9, ἀπὸ ἀγωνοθετῶν ex-presidente de los juegos, IG 22.5206 (IV d.C.), frec. de cautivos Κρίσπῳ ἀ. αἰχμαλωσίας Nil.M.79.336C
•de conversos Αὐρηλιάνῳ ... ἀ. τῶν Ἑλλήνων Nil.M.79.105D.
IX trad. literal de algunas prep. y giros hebreos.
1 de la prep. mifne: delante de, ante ὡς τήκεται κηρὸς ἀπὸ προσώπου πυρός, οὕτως ἀπόλοιντο οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀ. προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ LXX Ps.67.3.
2 de la misma prep. en la forma min en el compar. ἡ ὄψις τοῦ θραύσματος οὐκ ἔστιν κοίλη ἀπὸ τοῦ δέρματος el aspecto de la tiña no es de ser más profunda que la piel LXX Le.13.32, cf. 13.31, Sm.Ps.75.5, A.Thom.A 36 (p.153.5).
3 c. puntos cardinales por, en ἀπὸ βορρᾶ πυλῶνες τρεῖς en el Norte hay tres puertas, Apoc.21.13.
C prep. de dat. (sólo en arcad. chipr.)
I partitivo de δυϝάνοι ... Ὀνασίλῳ ... ἀπὺ τᾷ ζᾷ τᾷ βασιλῆϝος IChS 217.8, 17, cf. 220.3 (Idalion IV a.C.).
II temporal desde, a partir de ἀπὺ τᾷ (ἁμέρᾳ) IG 5(2).6.4 (Tegea IV a.C.).
D prep. de ac. (tardía)
I contra, frente a ἵνα τί ἀνθέστηκας ἀπὸ τὸν ἀρχάγγελον T.Abr.A 8 (p.85.24) (cf. IX).
II distributivo según, cada ἐσθίουσιν ἀ. τὰ δύο μέρη Greg.Leg.Hom.M.86.605B.
• Etimología: De ide. *apo, cf. ai. apa, lat. ab, ap-erio, gót. af, het. a-ap-pa, etc.
English (Abbott-Smith)
ἀπό (on the freq. neglect of elision bef. vowels, v. Tdf., Pr., 94,WH, App., 146), prep. c. gen. (WM, 462ff.; on its relation to ἐκ, παρά, ὑπό, ib. 456f.), [in LXX for לְ ,בְּ ,מִן;]
from (i.e. from the exterior).
1.Of separation and cessation;
(1)of motion from a place: Mt 5:29, 30 7:23, Lk 5:2 22:41, al.;
(2)in partitive sense (M, Pr., 72, 102, 245; MM, s.v.; Bl., §40, 2), Mt 9:16 27:21, Jo 21:10, Ac 5:2, al.; also after verbs of eating, etc.;
(3)of alienation (cl. gen. of separation), after such verbs as λούω (Deiss., BS, 227), λύω, σώζω, παύω, etc.; ἀνάθεμα ἀ., Ro 9:3; ἀποθνήσκειν ἀ., Col 2:20; σαλευθῆναι, II Th 2:2, καθαρός, -ίζειν, ἀ. (Deiss., BS, 196, 216), Ac 20:26, II Co 7:1, He 9:14;
(4)of position, Mt 23:34 24:31, al.; after μακράν, Mt 8:30; transposed before measures of distance, Jo 10:18 21:8, Re 14:20 (Abbott, JG, 227);
(5)of time, ἀπὸ τ. ὥρας, ἡμέρας, etc., Mt 9:22, Jo 19:27, Ac 20:18, Phl 1:5, al.; ἀπ’ αἰῶνος, Lk 1:70, al.; ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς, etc., Mt 19:4, Ro 1:20; ἀπὸ βρέφους, II Ti 3:15; ἀφ’ ἧς, since, Lk 7:45, al.; ἀπὸ τ. νῦν, Lk 1:48, al.; ἀπὸ τότε, Mt 4:17, al.; ἀπὸ πέρυσι, a year ago, II Co 8:10 9:2; ἀπὸ πρωΐ, Ac 28:23;
(6)of order or rank, ἀπὸ διετοῦς, Mt 2:16; ἀπὸ Ἀβραάμ, Mt 1:17; ἐβδομος ἀπὸ Ἀδάμ, Ju 14; ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου, Ac 8:10, He 8:11; ἄρχεσθαι ἀπό, Mt 20:8, Jo 8:9, Ac 8:35, al.
2.Of origin;
(1)of birth, extraction, and hence, in late writers,
(a)of local extraction (cl. ἐξ; Abbott, JG, 227ff.), Mt 21:11, Mk 15:43, Jo 1:45, Ac 10:38, al.; οἱ ἀπὸ Ἰταλίας (WM, §66, 6; M, Pr., 237; Westc, Rendall, in l.), He 13:24;
(b)of membership in a community or society (BL, §40, 2), Ac 12:1, al.;
(c)of material (= cl. gen.; Bl. l.c.; M, Pr., 102), Mt 3:4 27:21;
(d)after verbs of asking, seeking, etc., Lk 11:50, 51 I Th 2:6 (Milligan, in l.);
(2)of the cause, instrument, means or occasion (freq. = ὑπό, παρά, and after verbs of learning, hearing, knowing, etc.; Bl., §40, 3), Mt 7:16 11:29, Lk 22:45, Ac 2:22 4:36 9:13 12:14, I Co 11:23, Ga 3:2, al.; ἀπὸ τ. ὄχλου, Lk 19:3 (cf. Jo 21:6, Ac 22:11); ἀπὸ τ. φόβου, Mt 14:26, al. (cf. Mt 10:26 13:44).
3.Noteworthy Hellenistic phrases: φοβεῖσθαι ἀπό (M, Pr., 102, 107); προσέχειν ἀπό (M, Pr., 11. c.; Milligan, NTD, 50); ἀπὸ νότου (Heb. מִגֶּנֶב), Re 21:13; ἀπὸ προσώπου (מִפְּנֵי), II Th 1:9 (Bl., §40, 9); ἀπὸ τ. καρδιῶν (בְּלֵב), Mt 18:35; ἀπὸ ὁ ὤν (WM, §10, 2; M, Pr., 9), Re 1:4.
4.In composition, ἀπό denotes separation, departure, origin, etc. (ἀπολύω, ἀπέρχομαι, ἀπογράφω); it also has a perfective force (M, Pr., 112, 247), as in ἀφικνεῖσθαι, q.v.
English (Strong)
a primary particle; "off," i.e. away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative): (X here-)after, ago, at, because of, before, by (the space of), for(-th), from, in, (out) of, off, (up-)on(-ce), since, with. In composition (as a prefix) it usually denotes separation, departure, cessation, completion, reversal, etc.
Greek Monotonic
ἀπό: ποιητ. ἀπαί, πρόθ. με γεν.· Λατ. ab, από.
Α. I. για τόπο·
1. για κίνηση από τόπο· από, μακριά από, σε Όμηρ., κ.λπ. λέγεται για πολεμιστές που μάχονται από τα άρματα, σε Όμηρ.
2. για θέση, στάση σε τόπο, μακριά από, σε απόσταση από, χώρια από, ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ἀπ' ὀφθαλμῶν, μακριά από το οπτικό πεδίο κάποιου, στο ίδ.· ἀπὸθαλάσσης, σε Θουκ. κ.λπ.
3. λέγεται για το νου ή τα συναισθήματα, ἀπὸ θυμοῦ, μακριά από, δηλ. αποξενωμένος από τα συναισθήματα μου, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· οὐκ ἀπὸ τρόπου, όχι χωρίς λόγο, σε Πλάτ.· οὐκ ἀπὸ πράγματος, σε Δημ.
4. με επιμεριστική σημασία, αἶσ' ἀπὸ ληΐδος, ένα μέρος της λείας, ένα μερίδιό της, σε Ομήρ. Οδ.
II. χρησιμοποιείται για χρόνο, από, μετά, αφού, αφότου, ἀπὸ δείπνου, μετά το δείπνο, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ἀπὸ δείπνου γενέσθαι, αφότου ολοκληρώθηκε το δείπνο, σε Ηρόδ. κ.λπ.· ἀφ'οὗ (ενν. χρόνου), Λατ. ex quo, στον ίδ. κ.λπ.
III. για καταγωγή, προέλευση, αιτία κ.λπ.·
1. γι' αυτό από το οποίο προέρχεται ή έχει γεννηθεί κάποιος, οὐκ ἀπὸ δρυὸς οὐδ' ἀπὸ πέτρης, χωρίς να έχει φυτρώσει από βελανιδιά ή από βράχο, σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· τρίτος ἀπὸ Διός, τρίτος από τη γενιά του Δία, σε Πλάτ.· οἱ ἀπὸ Σπάρτης, οι άνδρες που κατάγονται από τη Σπάρτη, σε Ηρόδ.· μεταφ. λέγεται για πράγματα, κάλλος ἀπὸ Χαρίτων, η ομορφιά που γεννήθηκε από τις Χάριτες, τέτοια όπως εκείνη που αυτές δωρίζουν, σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· γάλα ἀπὸ βοός, σε Αισχύλ.· σε σχέση με τον ιδρυτή μιας Σχολής ή μιας αίρεσης, οἱ ἀπὸ Πλάτωνος, οι μαθητές του Πλάτωνα· οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀκαδημίας, ἀπὸ τῆς Στοᾶς, οι Ακαδημικοί, οι Στωικοί φιλόσοφοι, σε Πλούτ. κ.λπ.
2. λέγεται για το υλικό από το οποίο ή δια του οποίου έχει δημιουργηθεί κάτι, ἀπὸ ξύλου, σε Ηρόδ.· ἀπὸ μέλιτος, σε Θεόκρ.
3. χρησιμοποιείται για το όργανο μέσω του οποίου έχει τελεστεί κάτι, ἀπ' ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο, από (βέλος που εκτοξεύτηκε από) ασημένιο τόξο, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.
4. λέγεται για το πρόσωπο από το οποίο προέρχεται μια ενέργεια, δηλ. από τον δράστη μιας ενέργειας, οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, σε Ηρόδ.· ἐπράχθη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ οὐδέν, σε Θουκ.· κατ' αυτόν τον τρόπο το ἀπό κατέληξε να χρησιμοποιείται όπως το ὑπό, υποδηλώνοντας όμως μια πιο έμμεση ενέργεια.
5. λέγεται για την πηγή από την οποία διατηρείται η ζωή ή η δύναμη, ζῆν ἀπὸ ἰχθύων, σε Ηρόδ.· τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων, σε Ξεν.
6. λέγεται για την αιτία, το μέσο ή την περίσταση από, δια ή εξαιτίας της οποίας γίνεται κάτι, ἀπὸ δικαιοσύνης, για λόγους δικαιοσύνης, σε Ηρόδ.· ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων, παρακινημένος από, αποσκοπώντας στα ίδια οφέλη, σε Δημ.· εξού, λαμβάνω αρκετές επιρρηματικές χρήσεις, ἀπὸ σπουδῆς, με ζήλο, με προθυμία, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴσου, ἀπὸ τῆς ἴσης ή ἀπ' ἴσης, εξίσου, σε Θουκ. κ.λπ.· ἀπὸ γλώσσης, προφορικά, σε Ηρόδ.· ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ, από τον εαυτό μου ή με τις προσωπικές μου δυνάμεις, σε Θουκ. Β. Ως επίρρ., μακριά, σε Όμηρ., Ηρόδ. Γ. ΣΤΑ ΣΥΝΘ. δηλώνει:
1. χωρισμό ή απομάκρυνση από, χωριστά, χώρια, όπως στο ἀποτέμνω· μακριά από, όπως στο ἀποβαίνω.
2. τελείωση, ολοκλήρωση, όπως στο ἀπεργάζομαι.
3. παύση από, λήξη, όπως στα ἀπαλγέω, ἀπολοφύρομαι.
4. επιστροφή, όπως στα ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω· επίσης, πλήρης απολαβή ή απόδοση ενός πράγματος στον ιδιοκτήτη του, όπως ἀπέχω.
5. χλευασμό ή λοιδορία, όπως στο ἀποκαλέω.
6. σχεδόν = στερητικό α· μερικές φορές με ρήματα, όπως ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύω· με επίθετα, όπως ἀποχρήματος, ἀπόσιτος. Δ. ἄπο, με αναστροφή αντί ἀπό, όταν το συντασσόμενο με την πρόθεση όνομα προηγείται και η πρόθεση έπεται, όπως ὀμμάτων ἄπο, σε Σοφ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἀπό: ἀπ᾽, перед придых. ἀφ᾽, in elisione после существ. анастрофически ἄπο praep. cum gen.
1) (при обознач. пространства) от, из, с (ἀ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου Ἀθέναζε Plat.; γᾶς ἀπ᾽ Ἀσίδος ἐλθεῖν Aesch.): ἀ. τετταράκοντα σταδίων τῆς θαλάττης Diod. в 40 стадиях от моря; ἀφ᾽ ἵππων μάχεσθαι Hom. сражаться с колесницы; ἀ. χθονὸς ἀΐσσειν Hom. подниматься с земли; ἀ. τινος γενέσθαι Her. освободиться от чего-л., окончить что-л.; ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος ὀλέσθαι Hom. расстаться с жизнью, умереть; μένειν ἀ. τινος Hom. быть вдали от кого-л.; ἅψασθαί τι ἀ. τινος Hom. привязать что-л. к чему-л.; ἀ. τραπεζῶν δειπνεῖν Plat. обедать за столами;
2) (при обознач. времени) после, вслед за (ἀ. τούτου Her., Plut.): ἀ. δείπνου Her. после обеда; εὐθὺς ἀ. τινος Plut. тотчас же после чего-л.; ἀ. μέσων νυκτῶν Arph. пополуночи; ὁ ἀ. τῆς στρατηγίας Plut. бывший полководец;
3) со времени, (начиная) с, с тех пор как (ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς Aesch.; ἀφ᾽ ἑσπέρας Xen.): ἀ. παίδων Xen. с детства; ἀφ᾽ οὗ Thuc. с тех пор как; ἀ. τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου Thuc. с древнейших времен;
4) вопреки, наперекор (ἀ. δόξης Hom.; ἀπ᾽ ἐλπίδος Aesch.; ἀ. ἀνθρωπείου τρόπου Thuc.): ἀ. θυμοῦ εἶναί τινι Hom. быть не по сердцу, быть не по душе, быть ненавистным кому-л.;
5) без (ἀ. ῥυτῆρος σπεύδειν Soph.): ἀπ᾽ ἀκάνθης ῥόδον Anth. роза без шипов; οὐκ ἀ. γνώμης Soph. не без разумных оснований;
6) мимо, вне: οὐκ ἀ. σκοποῦ οὐδ᾽ ἀ. δόξης μυθεῖσθαι Hom. говорить дело; οὐκ ἀ. τοῦ πράγματος εἶναι Dem. не отклоняться от вопроса;
7) (при указании на средство или образ действия) посредством, путем, по: ἐμῆς ἀ. χειρός Hom. моей рукой; πεφνεῖν ἀ. βιοῖο Hom. убить из лука; τὰ πραχθέντα ἀ. τινος Thuc. совершенное кем-л.; ἀ. σπουδῆς Hom. всерьез, ревностно, усердно; ἀ. τοῦ ἴσου и ἀ. (τῆς) ἴσης Thuc., Dem. равным образом, одинаково; ἀ. γλώσσης Her., Thuc. и ἀ. στόματος Plat. на словах, устно, по памяти; ἀ. τινος ζώειν Her. или βίον ἔχειν Plut. жить (питаться) чем-л.; κρίνειν ἀ. τινος Dem. судить на основании чего-л.; ἐπιγνῶναί τινα ἀ. τινος Polyb. узнать кого-л. по чему-л.; ἀ. κυάμου Xen. путем голосования; λογίζεσθαι ἀ. χειρός Arph. считать по пальцам; ἀ. μιᾶς ὁρμῆς Thuc. в едином порыве, единодушно; ἀ. τινος δειπνῆσαι Arph. пообедать на чей-л. счет;
8) (при указании на материал, тему) из, о (ἀ. ξύλου πεποιημένος Her.; εἴδατα ἀ. μέλιτος Theocr.; ἀ. τινος συγκεκραμένος καὶ ἀ. τινος Plat.): τὰ ἐβούλοντο πυθέσθαι ἀ. τινος Her. то, что они хотели узнать о чем-л.; νόμος κείμενος ἀ. τινος Arph. закон, установленный относительно чего-л.;
9) (при указании на происхождение, причину, связь; в переводе обычно опускается): οἱ ἀπ᾽ Οἰδίπου Soph. дети (потомки) Эдипа; τρίτος ἀ. τινος Plat. чей-л. потомок в третьем поколении: οἱ ἀ. Πελοποννήσου ξύμμαχοι Thuc. пелопоннесские союзники; οἱ ἀ. τῆς πόλεως Polyb. горожане; οἱ ἀ. τοῦ Πυθαγόρου Luc. пифагорейцы; οἱ ἀ. σκηνῆς Plut. актеры; οἱ ἀ. βήματος Plut. ораторы; οἱ ἀ. βουλῆς Plut. (в Риме) сенаторы; οἱ ἀ. τῆς σκέψεως Sext. скептики; ὁ ἀ. τινος φόβος Xen. внушаемый кем-л. страх; τἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ Soph. зависящее от меня; τὸ ἀ. σεῦ Her. твое мнение; ἀ. τινος θαυμάζεσθαι Thuc. вызывать удивление чем-л.; οἱ ἀ. γένους Plut. знатные родом, но тж. члены рода; καλεῖσθαι Her. или ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν ἀ. τινος Thuc. называться по чему-л.; ἀ. δικαιοσύνης Her. из чувства справедливости; ἀ. τοῦ αὐτομάτου Plat. самопроизвольно; ἀ. τῆς παρούσης δυνάμεως Xen. в меру наличной возможности; τιμᾶν τινα ἀ. τινος Plut. чтить кого-л. ради кого-л.; ἀ. συμφορῶν Thuc. вследствие несчастных случайностей;
10) (при указании на колич. выделение) из (εἷς ἀ. πολλῶν Soph.);
11) ценою или весом в (ἀ. ταλάντων ἑξήκοντα Dem.; ἀ. μυρίων χρυσῶν Polyb.).
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: adv., prep.
Meaning: far away, away from (Il.)
Dialectal forms: Myc. apudoke, apedoke \/apu-doke\/, \/ap-edoke\/. Arc.-Cypr., Aeol. ἀπύ.
Derivatives: Beside ἄπο-θεν also ἄπωθεν from afar, far from (Schwyzer 628, Lejeune Les adverbes grecs en -θεν 332).
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [52] *h₂epo from
Etymology: Old adverb and preverb, cf. Skt. ápa away from, Lat. ab, Germ., Goth. af down; probably not here Hitt. appa after (rather to ὄπι-θεν?). PIE h₂épo; the accentual variant *h₂pó- (in OCS po, OS. fana) would also have given απο. - S. ἄπιος, ῏Απις.
Middle Liddell
Perseus. from, away from. c. gen.
prep. c. gen. = Lat. ab, from.
I. OF PLACE:
1. of Motion, from, away from, Hom., etc.; of warriors fighting from chariots, Hom.
2. of Position, away from, far from, apart from, ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο Il.; ἀπ' ὀφθαλμῶν far from sight, Il.; ἀπὸ θαλάσσης Thuc., etc.
3. of the mind, ἀπὸ θυμοῦ away from, i. e. alien from, my heart, Il.; οὐκ ἀπὸ τρόπου not without reason, Plat.; οὐκ ἀπὸ πράγματος Dem.
4. in partitive sense, αἶσ' ἀπὸ ληΐδος a part from the booty, a share of it, Od.
II. OF TIME, from, after, ἀπὸ δείπνου after supper, Il.; ἀπὸ δείπνου γενέσθαι to have done supper, Hdt., etc.; ἀφ' οὗ (sc. χρόνοὐ, Lat. ex quo, Hdt., etc.
III. OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.:
1. of that from which one is born, οὐκ ἀπὸ δρυὸς οὐδ' ἀπὸ πέτρης not sprung from oak or rock, Od.; τρίτος ἀπὸ Διός third in descent from Zeus, Plat.; οἱ ἀπὸ Σπάρτης the men from Sparta, Hdt.:—metaph. of things, κάλλος ἀπὸ Χαρίτων beauty born of the Graces, such as they give, Od.; γάλα ἀπὸ βοός Aesch.: —of connection with the leader of a sect, οἱ ἀπὸ Πλάτωνος, Plato's disciples; οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀκαδημίας, ἀπὸ τῆς Στοᾶς, the Academics, the Stoics, Plut., etc.
2. of the Material from or of which a thing is made, ἀπὸ ξύλου Hdt.; ἀπὸ μέλιτος Theocr.
3. of the Instrument from or by which a thing is done, ἀπ' ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο by arrow shot from] silver bow, Il.
4. of the Person from whom an act comes, i. e. by whom it is done, οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο Hdt.; ἐπράχθη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ οὐδέν Thuc.;—so that ἀπό came to be used like ὑπό, but implying a less direct agency.
5. of the Source from which life or power is sustained, ζῆν ἀπὸ ἰχθύων Hdt.; τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων Xen.
6. of the Cause, Means, or Occasion from, by, or because of which a thing is done, ἀπὸ δικαιοσύνης by reason of justice, Hdt.; ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων moved by, for the same profits, Dem.:—hence in many adverbial usages, ἀπὸ σπουδῆς in earnest, eagerly, Il.; ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴσου, ἀπὸ τῆς ἴσης, or ἀπ' ἴσης, equally, Thuc., etc.; ἀπὸ γλώσσης by word of mouth, Hdt.; ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ from or of oneself, Thuc.
B. AS ADVERB, far away, Hom., Hdt.
C. IN COMPOS.:
1. from, asunder, as in ἀποτέμνω: away, off, as in ἀποβαίνω.
2. finishing off, completing, as in ἀπεργάζομαι.
3. ceasing from, leaving off, as in ἀπαλγέω, ἀπολοφύρομαι.
4. back again, as in ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω: also, in full, or what is one's own, as ἀπέχω.
5. by way of abuse, as in ἀποκαλέω.
6. almost = a_priv; sometimes with Verbs, as ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύω; with Adjectives, as ἀποχρήματος, ἀπόσιτος.
D. ἄπο, by anastrophe for ἀπό, when it follows its Noun, as ὀμμάτων ἄπο Soph.
Frisk Etymology German
ἀπό: (ἄπο)
{apó}
Grammar: Adv. und Präp.
Meaning: ‘fern, weg, (fern) von’
Etymology : Altererbtes Adverb und Präverb = aind. ápa, air. apa ‘von — weg’, lat. ab, germ., z. B. got. af ab; unsicher dagegen heth. appa darnach, zurück, hinter, nach (vielmehr zu ὄπιθεν?, vgl. Friedrich Heth. Wb. s. v. m. Lit.). Zum Gebrauch Schwyzer-Debrunner 444ff. — Davon ἄποθεν neben ἄπωθεν von ferne, fern von (vgl. Schwyzer 628, Lejeune Les adverbes grecs en -θεν 332). — Von ἀπό vielleicht ebenfalls nach der antiken Deutung das Adjektiv ἄπιος im Ausdruck (τηλόθεν) ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης (Α 270, Γ 49, η 25, π 18). Zweifel bei Schwyzer 461. — Die Vokallänge in ἀ̄πίαν γαῖαν S. OC 1685 (lyr.) ist durch Vermischung mit dem alten Namen des Peloponnesos ’Ᾱπία (γῆ) verursacht. Vgl. Buttmann Lexilogus 1, 63ff.
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Chinese
原文音譯:¢pÒ 阿坡
詞類次數:介詞(656)
原文字根:從 相當於: (מִן / מִנִּי / מֵעַל)
字義溯源:離*,分開,離開,脫離,離棄,脫,離,中止,除去,失去,完成,由來,以來,來自,出於,自從,藉著,從,出,由,因,向,用,當,憑,對,將,逃避,躲避。這字基本上用在三方面:
1)地方;如:從( 太8:1 ,30 ,34);離( 太8:30);開( 太8:34)
2)時間;如:從(起初)( 路1:2);從(今起)( 路1:48);(歷代)以來( 路1:70)
3)來源;如:出自(駱駝毛的)( 太3:4);(我)從(主所領受的)( 林前11:23);因(那虔誠)( 來5:7)。註:這字也常與別的介詞連用,來加強動詞的表達。同源字(略)
出現次數:總共(668);太(119);可(53);路(128);約(43);徒(117);羅(25);林前(9);林後(17);加(8);弗(4);腓(4);西(9);帖前(9);帖後(9);提前(5);提後(8);多(2);門(1);來(23);雅(6);彼前(5);彼後(3);約壹(19);約貳(2);約叄(1);猶(2);啓(37)
譯字彙編:
1) 從(239)數量太多,不能盡錄;
2) 開(42) 太7:23; 太8:34; 太9:15; 太19:1; 太26:39; 太28:8; 可1:42; 可2:20; 可5:17; 路2:15; 路4:13; 路4:42; 路5:8; 路5:35; 路7:6; 路8:35; 路8:37; 路8:38; 路9:5; 路9:39; 路11:24; 路13:16; 路22:41; 路24:51; 約12:36; 徒1:4; 徒5:38; 徒5:41; 徒13:13; 徒15:38; 徒15:39; 徒16:39; 徒16:40; 徒18:2; 徒19:9; 徒19:12; 徒22:29; 羅16:17; 林後12:8; 提後2:19; 來11:15; 啓18:14;
3) 離(20) 太3:7; 太8:30; 太14:24; 可12:34; 可14:35; 路5:3; 路17:29; 路24:13; 約10:5; 約21:8; 徒17:27; 羅7:3; 羅7:6; 羅8:21; 帖後3:2; 帖後3:6; 提前6:5; 提後4:4; 來3:12; 彼前3:11;
4) 在(17) 太15:8; 可2:21; 可5:29; 可7:6; 路23:49; 徒9:13; 徒10:23; 徒13:39; 徒15:38; 徒17:13; 徒21:16; 徒23:23; 提前3:7; 啓21:13; 啓21:13; 啓21:13; 啓21:13;
5) 從⋯上(16) 太14:29; 太15:27; 太21:8; 太24:29; 太27:40; 太27:42; 可15:30; 可15:32; 路1:52; 路9:5; 路16:21; 路17:29; 路22:43; 徒13:29; 啓16:17; 啓22:19;
6) 向(16) 太5:42; 太11:25; 太17:25; 太17:25; 太17:25; 太17:26; 太20:20; 路6:30; 路10:21; 路11:50; 路11:51; 路12:20; 路18:3; 帖前2:6; 帖前2:6; 約壹5:15;
7) 離開(15) 太25:41; 可7:17; 可7:33; 路1:38; 路4:38; 路5:2; 徒1:11; 徒1:25; 徒3:26; 徒13:8; 帖前5:22; 帖後1:9; 帖後1:9; 來9:14; 雅4:7;
8) 脫離(13) 太6:13; 可5:34; 路11:4; 徒2:40; 羅5:9; 羅6:7; 羅8:2; 羅15:31; 西2:20; 帖後3:3; 提後2:21; 提後4:18; 多2:14;
9) 由於(11) 太14:26; 太18:7; 路19:3; 路21:26; 路24:41; 約7:28; 約8:42; 約21:6; 徒12:14; 加1:1; 啓9:18;
10) 被(11) 路1:26; 路6:18; 路9:22; 路17:25; 徒4:36; 徒15:4; 徒20:9; 林前7:27; 雅1:13; 雅5:4; 猶1:23;
11) 來自(10) 太21:11; 可6:43; 路16:30; 路23:51; 約12:21; 約21:2; 徒6:9; 徒21:27; 徒24:18; 提前1:2;
12) 從⋯中(9) 太1:24; 太23:33; 太25:32; 路8:2; 路9:38; 路22:45; 路22:71; 約21:10; 來7:26;
13) 從⋯裏(9) 太1:21; 太14:2; 太18:35; 太24:1; 太27:53; 太27:64; 太28:7; 可5:35; 路8:12;
14) 出自(9) 可12:2; 可15:43; 路22:18; 約1:44; 約1:45; 徒10:38; 徒15:5; 林前6:19; 林後3:18;
15) 從⋯那裏(8) 太26:47; 路24:9; 約18:28; 加2:12; 西3:24; 帖前3:6; 雅1:17; 啓3:12;
16) 憑(7) 太7:16; 太7:20; 約5:30; 約7:18; 約14:10; 約16:13; 林後3:5;
17) 把(6) 太25:32; 路5:36; 路16:3; 路20:10; 徒5:2; 徒5:3;
18) 的(6) 太5:18; 可11:14; 路12:1; 徒15:19; 徒27:34; 猶1:14;
19) 因(6) 太10:28; 太28:4; 路22:45; 徒28:3; 來5:7; 約壹2:28;
20) 有(6) 路7:21; 約19:38; 約21:8; 羅11:25; 林後1:14; 林後2:5;
21) 由(6) 太27:9; 約3:2; 徒13:14; 來11:34; 來12:25; 啓12:6;
22) 對(6) 太7:15; 路6:29; 路9:45; 徒20:26; 約壹3:17; 約叄1:7;
23) 從⋯以來(6) 太25:34; 徒15:18; 徒15:21; 來9:26; 啓13:8; 啓17:8;
24) 於(5) 路20:46; 帖前4:3; 提前6:21; 提後4:22; 雅1:27;
25) 與(5) 路9:33; 羅8:39; 林前7:10; 林後5:6; 帖前2:17;
26) 從⋯來(4) 可7:4; 徒2:5; 徒28:21; 來13:24;
27) 以來(4) 路1:70; 路11:50; 羅15:23; 弗3:9;
28) 了(4) 路5:13; 路5:15; 約壹1:7; 約壹1:9;
29) 出於(4) 路5:36; 約11:51; 加4:24; 腓1:28;
30) 憑著(4) 約5:19; 約7:17; 約8:28; 約15:4;
31) 將(4) 約10:18; 徒2:17; 徒2:18; 徒16:33;
32) (從)(4) 太5:29; 太5:30; 太18:8; 太18:9;
33) 從⋯起(4) 太23:35; 太23:39; 約11:53; 徒20:18;
34) 自(4) 太27:57; 可8:3; 可13:19; 路13:7;
35) 離棄(3) 徒8:22; 徒14:15; 帖前1:9;
36) 是從(3) 徒11:11; 加5:4; 啓14:4;
37) 歇了(3) 來4:4; 來4:10; 來4:10;
38) 使(3) 路6:17; 林前1:30; 林後7:13;
39) 躲避(3) 啓6:16; 啓6:16; 啓12:14;
40) 從⋯中間(3) 路6:13; 弗4:31; 啓18:14;
41) 藉著(3) 太11:19; 啓9:18; 啓18:15;
42) 離了(3) 徒18:21; 羅7:2; 提前6:10;
43) 自從(3) 羅1:20; 西1:6; 西1:9;
44) 就從(3) 徒20:9; 來6:7; 約壹3:22;
45) (有關)(3) 太16:6; 太16:11; 太16:12;
46) 要從(2) 林前4:5; 彼前4:17;
47) 以(2) 路24:42; 羅15:24;
48) 去(2) 來10:22; 來12:15;
49) 由⋯那裏(2) 啓21:2; 啓21:10;
50) 就(2) 啓18:10; 啓18:15;
51) 避(2) 路3:7; 林前10:14;
52) 為(2) 太13:44; 路16:18;
53) 棄(2) 徒21:21; 加1:6;
54) 中(2) 太27:21; 徒12:1;
55) 上(2) 路13:15; 徒27:44;
56) 要(2) 可8:15; 路12:4;
57) 遠離(2) 路12:15; 約壹5:21;
58) 從⋯後(2) 太22:46; 約8:11;
59) 出(2) 徒18:16; 彼前3:10;
60) 失去(1) 林後11:3;
61) 除(1) 羅11:26;
62) 遠(1) 啓9:6;
63) 有些(1) 羅15:15;
64) 接續(1) 提後1:3;
65) 叫(1) 林後2:3;
66) 除去(1) 林後7:1;
67) 求(1) 加3:2;
68) 從⋯裏面(1) 可7:15;
69) 就從⋯間(1) 約13:4;
70) 在⋯面前(1) 路24:31;
71) 從⋯來的(1) 路21:11;
72) 從⋯前(1) 徒1:9;
73) 要從⋯中間(1) 徒3:22;
74) 就從⋯上(1) 帖後2:2;
75) 就從⋯中(1) 徒13:23;
76) 在⋯前(1) 路19:42;
77) 在⋯中(1) 路19:39;
78) 必從(1) 啓22:19;
79) 都從(1) 啓20:11;
80) 都(1) 啓18:17;
81) 就從⋯裏(1) 太3:16;
82) 把從⋯以來(1) 太13:35;
83) 來自⋯上(1) 可8:11;
84) 分離(1) 羅9:3;
85) 遠到(1) 啓14:20;
86) 能從(1) 約16:22;
87) 和(1) 路12:58;
88) 來(1) 路8:43;
89) 是被(1) 路7:35;
90) 著(1) 可12:38;
91) 及(1) 路13:25;
92) 去罷(1) 路13:27;
93) 過(1) 路19:24;
94) 對於(1) 路18:34;
95) 致的(1) 路14:18;
96) 也(1) 可7:28;
97) 關於(1) 太27:24;
98) (於)(1) 太10:17;
99) 反(1) 太9:16;
100) (出自)(1) 太3:4;
101) 下來(1) 太15:27;
102) 有關(1) 太16:12;
103) 後(1) 太26:64;
104) 從此(1) 太21:19;
105) 受(1) 太16:21;
106) 連(1) 路19:26;
107) 一(1) 路21:30;
108) 便蒙(1) 徒15:33;
109) 外(1) 徒13:50;
110) 是由(1) 徒12:20;
111) 本著(1) 徒17:2;
112) 別(1) 徒21:1;
113) 屬(1) 徒23:34;
114) 只(1) 徒23:21;
115) 因著(1) 徒22:11;
116) 開了(1) 徒12:10;
117) 遭(1) 徒11:19;
118) 相距(1) 約11:18;
119) 住在(1) 約11:1;
120) 再(1) 路22:16;
121) 如(1) 約13:19;
122) 是出自(1) 約18:34;
123) 正當(1) 徒10:30;
124) 蒙(1) 徒2:22;
125) 他離開(1) 徒1:22;
126) 引(1) 徒28:23