ἀρχιερεύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=-έως, ὁ: Ion. [[ἀρχιέρεως]], εω, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.37, also in Pl.Lg.947a: acc. pl. [[ἀρχιρέας]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.142:—[[archiereus]], [[arch-priest]], [[arch priest]], [[chief-priest]], [[chief priest]], ll. cc., freq. in Inscrr., νήσου OGI93.3 (Cyprus), etc.: especially in Roman provinces, of the Imperial cult, ἀρχιερεύς [[Ἀσία]]ς ib. 458.31, etc., cf. PRyl.149.2 (i A. D.), etc.:—at Rome, = [[pontifex]], Plu. Num.9, etc.; [[ἀρχιερεύς μέγιστος]], = [[pontifex maximus]], SIG832, etc. (but [[ἀρχιερεύς]] alone, IG7.2711, etc.):—at [[Jerusalem]], [[high priest]], [[LXX]] Le. 4.3, Ev.Matt.26.3, etc. (Spelt ἀρχι-[[ιερεύς]] IGRom.4.882 (Themisonium)).

|dgtxt=-έως, ὁ<br /><b class="num">• Alolema(s):</b> jón. [[ἀρχιέρεως]] Hdt.2.37; eol. [[ἀρχείρευς]] <i>IG</i> 12(2).239.6; [[ἀρχίρευς]] <i>IG</i> 12(2).249.5 (Mitilene, imper.); [[ἀρχιιερεύς]] <i>IGR</i> 4.882 (Temisonio); [[ἀρχιγερεύς]] <i>PHib</i>.62.8 (III a.C.), <i>PPetr</i>.3.53p2 (III a.C.) en <i>BL</i> 1.382<br /><b class="num">• Morfología:</b> [sg. ac. ἀρχιερῆ <i>IEphesos</i> 4333.3.4 (II d.C.); plu. gen. ἀρχιέρεων Pl.<i>Lg</i>.947a, poét. ἀρχιερήων <i>GVI</i> 1903.10 (Mégara III d.C.); ac. ἀρχιερέας Hdt.2.142]<br /><b class="num">I</b> <b class="num">1</b>[[sumo o gran sacerdote]]<br /><b class="num">a)</b> en Egipto ἱρᾶται δὲ οὐκ [[εἷς]] ἑκάστου τῶν θεῶν ἀλλὰ πολλοί, τῶν [[εἷς]] ἐστι ἀ. Hdt.2.37, cf. 142, 143, 151<br /><b class="num">•</b>en el Egipto heleníst. ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ προφῆται <i>OGI</i> 56.3, ἐπιστάτης καὶ ἀ. καὶ οἱ τοῦ ἱεροῦ γραμματεῖς <i>OGI</i> 56.73 (III a.C.), cf. <i>PHib</i>.l.c., <i>PPetr</i>.l.c., <i>POxy</i>.3506.20 (III d.C.);<br /><b class="num">b)</b> en Siria, <i>Syria</i> 1976 p.129 (I a.C.), Luc.<i>DSyr</i>.36;<br /><b class="num">c)</b> [[de dioses griegos sincretizados con otros egipcios u orientales]] <i>PEleph</i>.25.6 (III a.C.), τοῦ [[Διός]] <i>A.Barn</i>.1 (p.292.10);<br /><b class="num">d)</b> de dioses griegos en cultos utópicos, Pl.<i>Lg</i>.947a;<br /><b class="num">e)</b> unido a un tít. milit. y prob. ref. a cultos reales heleníst. στραταγὸς καὶ ἀ. Συρίας κοίλας <i>OGI</i> 230.2 (III/II a.C.), cf. <i>CRAI</i> 1938.305-7, ἀρχιερεὺς τῆς νήσου <i>OGI</i> 93.3 (Chipre III/II a.C.);<br /><b class="num">f)</b> en época romana dedicado al culto del emperador y a funciones administrativas ἀ. τῆς [[Ἀσίας]] <i>CRIA</i> 54.5 (Heraclea de la Salbace I d.C.), cf. <i>Mart.Pol</i>.21, en el Egipto romano <i>PRyl</i>.149.2 (I d.C.), ἀ. Ἀδριανοῦ <i>PAmh</i>.124.26 (III d.C.), de Caracalla <i>IM</i> 198.7, cf. <i>BGU</i> 362.12.3, <i>POxy</i>.2768.6 (III d.C.), de la emperatriz ἀ. Φαυστίνης <i>PAmh</i>.124.28 (III d.C.), adscrito hereditariamente a ciertas familias ἀφ' αἵματος ἀρχιερήων <i>GVI</i> 1903.10 (Mégara III d.C.).<br /><b class="num">2</b> en Roma<br /><b class="num">a)</b> en sg. [[pontífice máximo]] Plb.22.3.2, 32.6.5, Plu.2.89f<br /><b class="num">•</b>adoptado como título por Julio César y los emperadores romanos <i>IG</i> 7.2711.22, ἀ. καὶ [[δικτάτωρ]] <i>IG</i> 2².3222 (I a.C.), <i>IGR</i> 4.304 (I a.C.), ἀ. καὶ [[αὐτοκράτωρ]] <i>IG</i> 12(5).556 (I a.C.), <i>SIG</i> 760, καῖσαρ Σεβαστὸς ἀ. I.<i>AI</i> 16.162<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. llamado ἀ. ποντιφίκων D.C.37.37.2, precisado como μέγιστος: Τιβέριος Κλαύδιος Καῖσαρ ἀ. μέγιστος I.<i>AI</i> 19.287, ἀ. μέγιστος Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ ... [[Ἁδριανός]] <i>IG</i> 12(3)177.4 (Astipalea), cf. <i>IEphesos</i> [[l.c.]], de Vespasiano <i>IGR</i> 4.267, de Domiciano <i>MAMA</i> 6.2 (Laodicea del Lico I d.C.), de Antonino Pío <i>MAMA</i> 4.235.10 (Timandro, Frigia), <i>PAnt</i>.191.12 (III d.C.), de emperadores cristianos τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ βασιλεῖ <i>CEph</i>.(449) <i>Act</i>.p.138.28;<br /><b class="num">b)</b> en plu. [[pontífices]] ἐπὶ τοῦ παρὰ τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσι κειμένου πίνακος en la tabla (de anales) depositada en el colegio pontifical</i> D.H.1.74 (= Plb.6.11a.2), ἡ τῶν ἀρχιερέων ([[διάταξις]]) οὓς ποντίφικας καλοῦσιν Plu.<i>Num</i>.9.<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[en el culto judío y luego crist]].<br /><b class="num">a)</b> en sg. [[sumo sacerdote]] Aristeas 1, [[LXX]] <i>Le</i>.4.3, <i>Io</i>.22.13, 1<i>Ma</i>.10.20, 32, Ph.1.684, ἀ. μέγας [[LXX]] 1<i>Ma</i>.13.42, como presidente del sanedrín <i>Eu.Matt</i>.26.57, 62, ἐσθῆτας τῶν ἱερέων καὶ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως I.<i>BI</i> 1.26, cf. Plu.2.672a<br /><b class="num">•</b>fig. de [[Cristo]] <i>Ep.Heb</i>.2.17, 3.1, del arcángel en rel. al ángel, Clem.Al.<i>Ex.Thdot</i>.27(p.116.5), del apóstol o profeta crist. <i>Didache</i> 13.3, Epiph.Const.<i>Haer</i>.29.4 (p.324.21)<br /><b class="num">•</b>gener. del cristiano, Iust.Phil.<i>Dial</i>.116.3, o de su alma perfeccionada, Clem.Al.<i>Strom</i>.2.9.45;<br /><b class="num">b)</b> en plu. [[príncipes de los sacerdotes]], [[miembros de la aristocracia sacerdotal]], <i>Eu.Luc</i>.23.13, <i>Eu.Marc</i>.8.31, Ὀνίας μὲν [[εἷς]] τῶν ἀρχιερέων I.<i>BI</i> 1.31<br /><b class="num">•</b>οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς el sanedrín</i>, <i>Act.Ap</i>.9.14, cf. Nonn.<i>Par.Eu.Io</i>.19.6.<br /><b class="num">4</b> sólo en época crist. [[alta jerarquía eclesiástica]] de los obispos, Gr.Naz.<i>Ep</i>.167, <i>Const.App</i>.2.57.16, de patriarcas Pall.<i>VChrys</i>.7p.39, cf. <i>MAMA</i> 1.208 (Laodicea Combusta).<br /><b class="num">II</b> ὁ Ἀ. el mes [[Arquiereo]], <i>Hemerolog.Flor</i>.p.106, cf. [[ἀρχιέριος]] 1.

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|btext=έως (ὁ) :<br />[[grand-prêtre]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[ἄρχω]], [[ἱερεύς]].

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|elrutext='''ἀρχιερεύς:''' έως ὁ<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[верховный жрец]] Plat.;<br /><b class="num">2</b> (в Риме) = [[pontifex]] [[maximus]] Polyb., Plut.;<br /><b class="num">3</b> (у евреев) [[первосвященник]] NT.

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|lstext='''ἀρχιερεύς''': έως, ὁ: Ἰων. [[ἀρχιέρεως]], εω, ὁ, Ἡρόδ. 2. 37, [[ὡσαύτως]] ἐν Πλάτ. Νόμ. 947Α: αἰτ. πλ. [[ἀρχιρέας]] (ἐκ τοῦ [[ἀρχιρεὺς]]) Ἡρόδ. 2. 142: - [[ἀρχιερεύς]], ἔνθ’ ἀνωτ. καὶ συχν. ἐν Ἐπιγρ., Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 381-3, 479, κ. ἀλλ.: - ἐν Ῥώμῃ ὁ [Pontifex Maximus], Πλούτ. Νουμ. 9· ἀρχ. μέγιστος, ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος, Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 320, 1305, κ. ἀλλ.: - ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ὁ [[ἀνώτατος]] ἱερεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων, Εὐαγγ. κ. Ματθ. κς΄, 3, κτλ.

|astxt=[[ἀρχιερεύς]], -έως, ὁ, [in [[LXX]] for כּ'' הָרֹאשׁ,כּ'' הַגָּדוֹל,כּהֵן;] <br /><b class="num">1.</b>[[high]]-[[priest]]: Mk 2:26 14:47, al.; of Christ: He 2:17 3:1, al. <br /><b class="num">2.</b>In pl., [[chief]] priests, including ex-[[high]]-priests and members of [[high]]-[[priestly]] families: Mt 2:4, Mk 8:31, al. (Cremer, 294; DCG, i, 297f.; MM, s.v.).

|txtha=[[ἀρχιερέως]], ὁ, [[chief]] [[priest]], [[high]] [[priest]].<br /><b class="num">1.</b> He [[who]] [[above]] [[all]] others [[was]] honored [[with]] the [[title]] of [[priest]], the [[chief]] of the priests, הַגָדול כֹּהֵן (הָרֹאשׁ כֹּהֵן, Acts, and the Epistle to the Heb. It [[was]] [[lawful]] for him to [[perform]] the [[common]] duties of the [[priesthood]]; [[but]] his [[chief]] [[duty]] [[was]], [[once]] a [[year]] on the [[day]] of [[atonement]], to [[enter]] the [[holy of holies|Holy of Holies]] (from [[which]] the [[other]] priests were excluded) and [[offer]] [[sacrifice]] for his [[own]] sins and the sins of the [[people]] (Leviticus 16; Josephus, Antiquities 20,10; [[see]] Αννας). Cf. Winer s RWB [[under]] the [[word]] Hoherpriester; Oehler in Herzog vi., pp. 198ff; (BB. DD., [[see]] [[under]] the words, High Priest, Priest, etc. The names of the 28 (27?) [[above]] alluded to are given, [[together]] [[with]] a [[brief]] [[notice]] of [[each]], in an [[article]] by Schürer in the Studien und Kritiken for 1872, pp. 597-607).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> The plural ἀρχιερεῖς, [[which]] occurs [[often]] in the Gospels and Acts, as Josephus, comprises, in [[addition]] to the [[one]] [[actually]] holding the [[high]] [[priestly]] [[office]], [[both]] those [[who]] had [[previously]] [[discharged]] it and [[although]] deposed continued to [[have]] [[great]] [[power]] in the State (Josephus, Vita38; b. j. 2,12, 6; 4,3, 7; 9; 4,4, 3; [[see]] Αννας [[above]]), as [[well]] as the members of the families from [[which]] [[high]] priests were created, provided [[they]] had [[much]] [[influence]] in [[public]] affairs (Josephus, b. j. 6,2, 2). See on [[this]] [[point]] the [[learned]] [[discussion]] by Schürer, Die ἀρχιερεῖς im N. T, in the Studien und Kritiken for 1872, p. 593ff and in his Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 23iii., p. 407ff (Prof. Schürer, [[besides]] reviewing the opinions of the [[more]] [[recent]] writers, contends [[that]] in no [[instance]] [[where]] [[indubitable]] [[reference]] to the heads of the [[twenty]]-[[four]] classes is made ([[neither]] in the Sept. Josephus, Antiquities 7,14, 7) are [[they]] called ἀρχιερεῖς; [[that]] the nearest approximations to [[this]] [[term]] are periphrases [[such]] as ἄρχοντες τῶν ἱερέων, φυλαρχοι τῶν ἱερέων, Esra apocr. (1Esdr.) Josephus, Antiquities 11,5, 4; and [[that]] the [[word]] ἀρχιερεῖς [[was]] restricted in its [[application]] to those [[who]] [[actually]] held, or had held, the [[high]] [[priestly]] [[office]], [[together]] [[with]] the members of the [[few]] [[prominent]] families from [[which]] the [[high]] priests [[still]] continued to be selected, cf. Josephus, b. j. 4,3, 6.)<br /><b class="num">3.</b> In the Epistle to the Hebrews Christ is called '[[high]] [[priest]],' [[because]] by undergoing a [[bloody]] [[death]] he offered [[himself]] as an [[expiatory]] [[sacrifice]] to God, and has entered the [[heavenly]] [[sanctuary]] [[where]] he [[continually]] intercedes on [[our]] [[behalf]]: Riehm, Lehrbegriff des Hebräerbriefes, ii., pp. 431-488. In Greek writings the [[word]] is used by [[Herodotus]] 2 (37), 142) 143,151; [[Plato]], legg. 12, p. 947a.; [[Polybius]] 23,1, 2; 32,22, 5; [[Plutarch]], [[Numa]] c. 9, others; ([[often]] in Inscriptions); [[once]] (viz., Sept., [[where]] [[ἱερεύς]] [[μέγας]] is [[usual]], in the O. T. Apocrypha, 1Esdr. 5:40 1Esdr. 9:40, and [[often]] in the books of Maccabees.

|mdlsjtxt=an [[arch]]-[[priest]], [[chief]]-[[priest]], Hdt.:— at [[Rome]], the Pontifex [[Maximus]], Plut.:—at [[Jerusalem]], the [[high]]-[[priest]], NTest.

|wketx=Archiereus (Ancient Greek: ἀρχιερεύς, Russian, arkhierei) is a Greek term for diocesan bishop, when considered as the culmination of the priesthood. It is used in the liturgical books of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Church, for those services which correspond to the pontifical services of the Roman Rite. The term is distinct from protoiereus (archpriest), the highest ecclesiastical rank to which a married priest may attain in the Greek Church. The word is used by the homilist in the New Testament letter to the Hebrews to mean "high priest" (Heb 2:17; 3:1; 4:14,15; 5:1,5,10; 6:20; 7:26,27,28; 8:1,3; 9:7,11,25; 19:11; 13:11).

Архієре́й, архиєрей (від дав.-гр. ἀρχι- «[[старший]]», «[[головний]]» та дав.-гр. ἱερεύς «[[жрець]]»; грецька приставка «архі-» до слова ієрей служить для позначення вищих посад у церковній ієрархії, наприклад: архіпапа, архієпископ, архідиякон, архімандрит тощо. Цебто дав.-гр. ἀρχιερεύς — це «[[верховний жрець]]», «[[первосвященник]]»):

* синонімічно використовується поруч з такими поняттями, як «[[архіпастир]]» та «[[ієрарх]]»;