κρίνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῑ], Ep. 3sg. ind. κρίνησι (δια-) [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in Theoc.25.46: fut. κρῐνῶ, Ep., Ion. [[κρινέω]] (δια-) Il.2.387: aor.<br><span class="bld">A</span> ἔκρῑνα Od.18.264, etc.: pf. κέκρῐκα Pl.''Lg.''734c, etc.:—Med., fut. κρῐνοῦμαι E.''Med.''609, but in pass. sense, Pl.''Grg.''521e: aor. ἐκρῑνάμην Il.9.521, etc.:—Pass., fut. κρῐθήσομαι A.''Eu.''677, Antipho 6.37, etc.: aor. ἐκρίθην [ῐ] Pi.''N.''7.7, etc.; 3pl. κρίθεν Id.''P.''4.168, ἔκριθεν A.R.4.1462; Ep. opt. κρινθεῖτε (δια-) Il.3.102, part. κρινθείς 13.129, Od.8.48, inf. κρινθήμεναι A.R.2.148: pf. κέκρῐμαι Pi.''O.''2.30, And.4.35, etc.; inf. κεκρίσθαι (ἀπο-) Pl. ''Men.''75c:—Aeol. [[κρίννω]] dub.in ''IG''12(2).278 (Mytil.): aor. ἔκριννε ib. 6.28(Mytil., ἐπ-); inf. [[κρίνναι]] ib.526b15:—Thess. pres. inf. κρεννέμεν ib.9(2).517.14 (Larissa):—[[separate]], [[put asunder]], [[distinguish]], ὅτε τε ξανθὴ Δημήτηρ κρίνῃ… καρπόν τε καὶ ἄχνας Il.5.501, etc.; κρῖν' ἄνδρας κατὰ φῦλα 2.362. cf. 446; ἥλιος ἠὼ καὶ δύσιν ἔκρινεν Emp.154.1; κ. τὸ ἀληθές τε καὶ μή Pl.''Tht.''150b; τούς τε ἀγαθοὺς καὶ τοὺς κακούς X. ''Mem.''3.1.9, etc.:—also Med., ἀντία δ' ἐκρίναντο δέμας καὶ σήματ' ἔθεντο χωρὶς ἀπ' ἀλλήλων Parm.8.55:—Pass., κρινόμενον πῦρ Emp.62.2.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[pick out]], [[choose]], ἐν δ' ἐρέτας ἔκρινεν ἐείκοσιν Il.1.309; ἐκ Λυκίης… φῶτας ἀρίστους 6.188, cf. Od.4.666, 9.90, 195, 14.217, etc.; κ. τινὰ ἐκ πάντων Hdt.6.129; κρίνασα δ' ἀστῶν… τὰ βέλτατα A.''Eu.''487; δίδωμί σοι κρίναντι χρῆσθαι S.''OC''641, etc.:—Med., [[κρίνασθαι ἀρίστους]] to [[choose]] the [[best]], Il.9.521, cf. 19.193, Od.4.408, 530, etc.:—Pass., to [[be chosen out]], [[be distinguished]], ἵνα τε κρίνονται ἄριστοι 24.507; esp.in partt., [[κεκριμένος]] = [[picked out]], [[chosen]], Il.10.417, Od.13.182, al., Hdt.3.31; κρινθείς Il.13.129, Od.8.48; <b class="b3">ἀρετᾷ κριθείς</b> [[distinguished]] for... Pi.''N.''7.7; <b class="b3">κριθέντων ἐν τοῖς ἱερέοις</b> [[approved]]…, ''GDI''2049.15 (Delph.); <b class="b3">ἀσπίδα… κεκριμένην ὕδατι καὶ πολέμῳ</b> [[proved]] by sea and land, ''AP''9.42 (Leon.); <b class="b3">ἐν ζῶσι κεκριμένα</b> [[numbered]] among... cj. in E.''Supp.''969 (lyr.); εἰς τοὺς ἐφήβους κριθείς Luc.''Am.''2.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[decide]] [[dispute]]s, κρίνων νείκεα πολλά Od.12.440; ἔκριναν μέγα νεῖκος… πολέμοιο 18.264: c.acc. cogn., <b class="b3">οἳ… σκολιὰς κρίνωσι θέμιστας</b> [[judge]] [[crooked]] [[judgement]]s, Il.16.387; κ. δίκας Hdt. 2.129; κρῖνε δ' εὐθεῖαν δίκην A.''Eu.''433, etc.; <b class="b3">πρώτας δίκας κρίνοντες αἵματος</b> ib.682; <b class="b3">κρινεῖ δὲ δὴ τίς ταῦτα</b>; Ar.''Ra.''805; κ. κρίσιν Pl.''R.'' 36oe; ἄριστα κ. Th.6.39; <b class="b3">κρίνουσι βοῇ καὶ οὐ ψήφῳ</b> they [[decide]] the [[question]]... Id.1.87; μίσει πλέον ἢ δίκῃ κ. Id.3.67; τὸ δίκαιον κ. Isoc.14.10; <b class="b3">τῷ τοῦτο κρίνεις</b>; by what [[do you form]] this [[judgement]]? Ar.''Pl.'' 48; κ. περί τινος Pi.''N.''5.40, Pl.''Ap.''35d, Arist.''Rh.''1391b9, etc.:— Pass., ἀγὼν κριθήσεται A.''Eu.''677; <b class="b3">κἂν ἰσόψηφος κριθῇ</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">ἡ δίκη</b>) ib. 741: impers., [[κριθησόμενον]] [[a decision being about to be taken]], Arr.''An.'' 3.9.6.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[decide]] a contest, e.g. for a prize, ἀγῶνα κ. Ar.''Ra.''873; ἔργον ἐν κύβοις Ἄρης κρινεῖ A.''Th.''414: c. acc. pers., <b class="b3">κ. τὰς θεάς</b> [[decide]] their [[contest]], i.e. [[judge]] them, E.''IA''72:—Pass., Id.''Supp.''601(lyr.); αἱ μάχαι κρίνονται ταῖς ψυχαῖς X.''Cyr.''3.3.19:—Med. and Pass., of persons, [[have]] a [[contest]] [[decide]]d, [[come to issue]], κρινώμεθ' Ἄρηϊ Il.2.385, cf.18.209; ὁπότε μνηστῆρσι καὶ ἡμῖν… μένος κρίνηται Ἄρηος Od.16.269; βίηφι κ. Hes.''Th.''882; [[dispute]], [[contend]], Ar.''Nu.''66; περὶ ἀρετῆς Hdt.3.120; οὐ κρινοῦμαι… σοι τὰ πλείονα E.''Med.''609; δίκῃ περί τινος κρίνεσθαι Th.4.122; <b class="b3">κρίνεσθαι μετά τινος</b> [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in [[LXX]] ''Jd.''8.1, ''Jb.''9.3; πολλαῖς μάχαις κριθείς Nic.Dam.20 J.; [[compete]] in games, c. acc. cogn., κριθέντα Πύθια ''JRS''3.295 (Antioch. Pisid.): pf. part., [[decided]], [[clear]], [[strong]], κεκριμένος [[οὖρος]] Il.14.19; <b class="b3">πόνοι κεκρ</b>. [[decided]], [[ended]], Pi.''N.''4.1.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[win]] a [[battle]], τὴν μάχην Ἀννίβας ἔκρινε Plb.3.117.11.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[adjudge]], κράτος τινί S.''Aj.''443:—Pass., τοῖς οὔτε νόστος… κρίθη Pi.''P.''8.84; τὰ κριθησόμενα [[the sum adjudged to be paid]], PLips.38.13 (iv A. D.).<br><span class="bld">b</span> abs., [[judge]], [[give judgement]], ἄκουσον… καὶ κρῖνον Ar.''Fr.''473; ἀδίκως κ. Pherecr.96, cf. Men.''Mon.''287, 576.<br><span class="bld">c</span> Medic., [[bring to a crisis]], τὸ θερμὸν φίλιόν [ἐστι] καὶ κρῖνον Hp.''Aph.''5.22; κ. τὰ νοσήματα Gal.''Nat. Fac.''1.13, al.:—Pass., of a sick person, [[come to a crisis]], ἐκρίθη εἰκοσταῖος Hp.''Epid.''1.15 (also impers. in Act., <b class="b3">ἔκρινε τούτοισιν ἑνδεκαταίοισιν</b> [[the crisis came]]... ib.18); τοῦ πάθους κριθέντος D.S.19.24.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[judge of]], [[estimate]], <b class="b3">πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κρίνων [αὐτόν</b>] [[judging]] of him by myself, D.21.154; πρὸς ἀργύριον τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν κ. Isoc.4.76:—Pass., ἴσον παρ' ἐμοὶ κέκριται Hdt.7.16.α'; εὔνοιακαιρῷ κρίνεται Men.691.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[expound]], [[interpret]] in a particular way, τὸ ἐνύπνιον ταύτῃ ἔκριναν Hdt. 1.120, cf. 7.19, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''485, etc.:—in Med., ὁ γέρων ἐκρίνατ' ὀνείρους Il. 5.150.<br><span class="bld">6</span> c. acc. et inf., [[decide]] or [[judge]] that... Hdt.1.30, 214, Pl. ''Tht.''17od, etc.; κρίνω σὲ νικᾶν A.''Ch.''903; so, with the inf. omitted, ἀνδρῶν πρῶτον κ. τινά S.''OT''34; Ἔρωτα δ' ὅστις μὴ θεὸν κρίνει μέγαν E.''Fr.''269; τὴν πόλιν ἀθλιωτάτην ἔκρινας Pl.''R.''578b; ἐκ τῶν λόγων μὴ κρῖνε… σοφόν Philem.228:—Pass., Ἑλλήνων ἕνα κριθέντ' ἄριστον S.''Ph.'' 1345, cf. Th.2.40, etc.<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[decide in favour of]], [[prefer]], [[choose]], κρίνω δ' ἄφθονον ὄλβον A.''Ag.''47†, cf. ''Supp.''396 (both lyr.); τὴν ἐλπίδα τῆς τύχης πάρος S.''Tr.''724; τινὰ πρό τινος Pl.''R.''399e, cf. ''Phlb.''57e; τι πρός τι Id.''Phd.''110a (Pass.); εἴ σφε κρίνειεν Πάρις E.''Tr.''928, cf. Ar.''Av.'' 1103, ''Ec.''1155; [[choose between]], δύ' ἔσθ' ἃ κρῖναι τὸν γαμεῖν μέλλοντα δεῖ, ἤτοι προσηνῆ γ' ὄψιν ἢ χρηστὸν τρόπον Men.584.<br><span class="bld">8</span> c.inf.only, [[determine]] to do a thing, ''UPZ''42.37(ii B. C.), ''Ep.Tit.''3.12, ''1 Ep.Cor.''2.2, etc.; <b class="b3">ζῆν μεθ' ὧν κρίνῃ τις ἄν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ζῆν]]) with whom he [[choose]]s to [[live]], Men.506; but τὸ βιάζεσθαι οὐκ ἔκρινε D.S.15.32.<br><span class="bld">9</span> [[form a judgement of]] a thing, μὴ κρῖν' ὁρῶν τὸ κάλλος Men.''Mon.''333.<br><span class="bld">III</span> in Trag., [[question]], αὐτὸν… ἅπας λεὼς κρίνει παραστάς S.''Tr.''195; <b class="b3">εἴ νιν πρὸς βίαν κρίνειν θέλοις</b> ib.388; <b class="b3">καὶ κρῖνε κἀξέλεγχ</b>' Id.''Ant.''399; μὴ κρῖνε, μὴ 'ξέταζε Id.''Aj.''586; σέ τοι, σὲ κρίνω Id.''El.''1445.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[bring to trial]], [[accuse]], D.2.29, 18.15, 19.233; <b class="b3">κ. θανάτου</b> [[judge]] (in matters) of life and death, X.''Cyr.''1.2.14; κ. τινὰ προδοσίας Lycurg.113; περὶ [[προδοσία]]ς Isoc.15.129; <b class="b3">κ. τινὰ κακώσεως ἐπαρχίας</b>, Lat. [[repetundarum]], Plu.''Caes.'' 4:—Pass., to [[be brought to trial]], Th.6.29; θανάτου (δίκῃ add. cod. B) Id.3.57; Λεωκράτους τοῦ κρινομένου Lycurg.1; <b class="b3">κρίνομαι πρὸς Σωφρόνην</b>; Men.''Epit.''529; τρὶς κρίνεται παρ' ὑμῖν περὶ θανάτου D.4.47; ἐκρίνετο τὴν περὶ Ὠρωποῦ κρίσιν θανάτου Id.21.64: c. gen. criminis, κρίνεσθαι δώρων Lys.27.3: κ. ἐπ' ἀδικήματι Plu.2.241e: abs., ὁ κεκριμένος Aeschin.2.159.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[pass sentence upon]], [[condemn]], D.19.232:— Pass., to [[be judged]], [[be condemned]], κακούργου… ἐστι κριθέντ' ἀποθανεῖν Id.4.47; μὴ κρίνετε, ἵνα μὴ κριθῆτε ''Ev.Matt.''7.1; [[τὰ κεκριμένα]] the [[judgement]] of a [[court]], ''PRyl.''76.8 (ii A. D.). (κρῐ-ν-yω ἐ-κρῐ-ν-σα, cf. Lat. [[cerno]] (from *crǐ-n-), [[cribrum]] (from *crei-dhrom).)

|sltr=<b>κρῑνω</b> (κρίνει: aor. ἔκρῖνας: [[pass]]. κρίνεται: aor. κρᾰθη, κρᾰθεν; κρᾰθείς: pf. κέκρᾰται: κεκρᾰμένων, κεκρᾰμένα, -μέναι.) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> [[decide]], [[judge]] [[πότμος]] δὲ κρίνει συγγενὴς ἔργων [[πέρι]] πάντων (N. 5.40) Χρομίῳ κεν ὑπασπίζων ἔκρινας, ἂν κίνδυνον ὀξείας ἀυτᾶς, οὕνεκεν ἐν πολέμῳ κείνα θεὸς ἔντυεν [[αὐτοῦ]] θυμὸν αἰχματὰν ἀμύνειν λοιγὸν Ἐνυαλίου (N. 9.35) [[pass]]., be brought to a [[decision]], [[ἄριστος]] εὐφροσύνα πόνων κεκριμένων [[ἰατρός]] ( having passed the [[crisis]], a [[medical]] met., cf. [[van]] Brock, Le Vocabulaire Médical, [[Paris]], 1961, 214) (N. 4.1) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> [[allot]] [[pass]]. [[ἤτοι]] βροτῶν γε κέκριται [[πεῖρας]] οὔ τι θανάτου (O. 2.31) τοῖς [[οὔτε]] [[νόστος]] [[ὁμῶς]] [[ἔπαλπνος]] ἐν Πυθιάδι κρίθη (P. 8.84) κρίνεται δ' ἀλκὰ διὰ δαίμονας [[ἀνδρῶν]] (I. 5.11) pf. [[part]]. διείργει δὲ (''[[sc.]]'' ἄνδρας καὶ θεοὺς) [[πᾶσα]] κεκριμένα [[δύναμις]] (N. 6.2) τιμαὶ δὲ βροτοῖσι κεκριμέναι Παρθ. 1. 7.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> [[pass]]., [[part]] σύνθεσιν ταύταν ἐπαινήσαντες οἱ μὲν κρίθεν ''[[sc.]]'' [[Jason]] and [[Pelias]] (P. 4.168) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> [[pass]]., be [[distinguished]] [[παῖς]] ὁ Θεαρίωνος ἀρετᾷ κριθεὶς [[εὔδοξος]] ἀείδεται Σωγένης (N. 7.7)

|astxt=[[κρίνω]], [in [[LXX]] [[chiefly]] for שׁפט, [[also]] for ריב,דּין, etc.;] <br /><b class="num">1.</b>toseparate, [[select]], [[choose]] (cl.; in LXX: II Mac 13:15). <br /><b class="num">2.</b>to [[approve]], [[esteem]]: Ro 14:5. <br /><b class="num">3.</b>to be of [[opinion]], [[judge]], [[think]]: Lk 7:43, I Co 11:13; seq. [[τοῦτο]] [[ὅτι]], II Co 5:14; c. acc. et inf., Ac 16:15; c. acc. et pred., Ac 13:46 26:8. <br /><b class="num">4.</b>to [[decide]], [[determine]], [[decree]]: c. acc., Ac 16:4, Ro 14:13, I Co 7:37, II Co 2:1; c. inf. (Field, Notes, 167), Ac 20:16 25:25, I Co 2:2 5:3, Tit 3:12 (cf. I Mac 11:33, Wi 8:9, al.); c. acc. et inf., Ac 21:25 27:1. <br /><b class="num">5.</b>to [[judge]], [[adjudge]], [[pronounce]] [[judgment]]: absol., Jo 8:16, 26; seq. [[κατά]], c. acc., Jo 7:24 8:15; κρίσιν κ., Jo 7:24; τ. δίκαιον, Lk 12:57 (Deiss., LAE, 118); in [[forensic]] [[sense]], Jo 18:31, Ac 23:3, al.; [[pass]]., Ro 3:4 (LXX); of God's [[judgment]], Jo 5:30 8:50, Ro 2:16 3:6, II Ti 4:1, I Pe 4:5, al. <br /><b class="num">6.</b>= [[κατακρίνω]], to [[condemn]] (cl.): Ac 13:27; of God's [[judgment]], Jo 3:18 5:22 12:47, 48, Ac 7:7, Ro 2:12, I Co 11:32, He 10:30 (LXX), Ja 5:9, Re 19:2, al. <br /><b class="num">7.</b>As in [[LXX]] (for שׁפט), to [[rule]], [[govern]] ( IV Ki 15:5, Ps 2:10, al.): Mt 19:28, Lk 22:30, I Co 6:3. <br /><b class="num">8.</b>to [[bring]] to [[trial]] (cl.); [[mid]]., to go to [[law]]: c. dat. pers., Mt 5:40; seq. [[μετά]], c. gen. pers. (of the [[opponent]]), [[ἐπί]], c. gen. (of the [[judge]]), I Co 6:1, 6 (cf. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, ἀντ-απο- (-μαι), δια-, ἐν-, ἐπι-, κατα-, συν-, ὑπο- (-μαι), συν-υπο- (-μαι)).SYN.: [[vide supra|v.s.]] δικάστης.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[separate]], [[choose]], [[select]], [[decide]], [[judge]], [[condemn]], [[accuse]], [[apply]] (Il.); <b class="b3">ὑπο-κρίνομαι</b> [[aswer]] (Il.), [[on the stage answer (the choir)]], [[be actor]] (Att.), <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b> κρίνω [[answer]] (Att.).<br />Other forms: (Thess. [[κρεννέμεν]]), aor. [[κρῖναι]] (Lesb. [[κρίνναι]]), pass. [[κριθῆναι]] (ep. also [[κρινθήμεναι]]; metr. easy, s. Schwyzer 761, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 404), perf. midd. [[κέκριμαι]], act. [[κέκρικα]] (Pl. Lg.), fut. [[κρινῶ]], ep. Ion. [[κρινέω]], Dor. <b class="b3">-ίω</b>.<br />Compounds: very often with prefix, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> etc..<br />Derivatives: 1. (<b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-</b> etc.) [[κρίσις]] [[decision]], [[judgement]], [[tribunal etc.]] (Pi., IA.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 103 f.) with [[κρίσιμος]] [[decisive]], [[critical]] (Hp., Arist.; Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 53f.), <b class="b3">ἀποκρισιά-ριος</b> [[secretary]] (pap. VIp). - 2. (<b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπί-</b>, <b class="b3">σύν-</b>, <b class="b3">πρό-)κρίμα</b> <b class="b2">decision etc.</b> (hell.), [[κρῖμα]] = [[κρεῖμα]] (A. Supp. 397; s. below); [[σύγκριμα]] [[body formed by combining]] (hell.) with [[συγκριμάτιον]] [[small body]] (M. Ant.), <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> (Gal.). - 3. (<b class="b3">ἀν-)κριτήρ</b> [[judge]], [[examiner]] (Dor.), [[κριντήρ]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Gortyn), [[κριτής]] [[judge]], [[arbiter]] (Ion. Att.), often from the prefixcompp., e.g. [[ὑποκριτής]] <b class="b2">actor etc.</b> (Att.; Else WienStud. 72, 75ff.); [[κριτήριον]] [[(decisive) mark]], [[tribunal]] (Att., Arg.), [[ἐπι]]-̃ [[court of justice]] (Creta); [[ἐγκριτήριος]] [[for admission]] (Corinth IIp); further see [[κριτήρ]], <b class="b3">-τής</b>, <b class="b3">-τήριον</b> in Fraenkel Nom. ag. [s. Index]. - 4. [[κριτός]] <b class="b2">selected, </b> (Il.; Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 21) with [[Κρίτων]], [[Κρίτυλλα]] (Leumann Glotta 32, 225 n. 1 = Kl. Schr. 250 A. 2); <b class="b3">ἔκ-</b>, <b class="b3">σύγ-κριτος</b> etc. (IA.); (<b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> )[[κριτικός]] [[of the κρίσις]] (Pl., Arist.). - 5. <b class="b3">-κριδόν</b>, e.g. [[διακριδόν]] [[separated]] (Il.), [[διακριδά]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Opp.). - 6. On [[κρίμνον]] s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [945] <b class="b2">*krei-</b>separate, distinguish<br />Etymology: The present [[κρίνω]] from <b class="b3">*κριν-ι̯ω</b> (unlessinnovated to the aorist [[κρῖναι]]; Schwyzer 694) has a nasal suffix, which originally belonged only to the present, but was later extended; as in [[κλίνω]]. - To the nasal present Latin and Celtic have agreements in <b class="b2">cer-n-ō</b> [[select]], [[discern]] (< <b class="b2">*kri-n-ō</b>), Welsh [[go-grynu]] [[sieve]] (< IE. <b class="b2">*upo-kri-n-ō</b>). Also the verbal adj. [[κριτός]] has a direct agreement in Lat. [[certus]] [[decided]], [[certain]]; further the languages behave diff.: the lengthened grade in (<b class="b2">dē)crē-v-ī</b>, <b class="b2">ex-crē-mentum</b> [[separation]] perhaps in the isolated [[κρησέρα]] [[feines Sieb]] (s. v.; improbable). The Greek paradigm results from large-scale levelling; only Att. [[κρῖμα]] for older [[κρεῖμα]] (after [[κρίνω]], [[κρῖναι]]) = Lat. <b class="b2">dis-crī-men</b> still has the full grade preserved (Wackernagel Unt. 76 n. 1, Rodriguez Adrados Emerita 16, 133 ff.). - The numerous nominal formations, especially in Latin, Celtic and Germanic (e. g. Lat. [[crībrum]] [[sieve]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[hrains]] [[pure]], prop. [[sieved]]), learn nothing for Greek. Details in Pok. 946, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[cernō]].