κλῆρος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A), Dor. [[κλᾶρος]] Pi. (v. infr.), <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>5.27, etc., ου, ὁ:— <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[lot]], κλῆρον ἐσημήναντο ἕκαστος, ἐν δ' ἔβαλον κυνέῃ <span class="bibl">Il.7.175</span>; κλήρους ἐν κυνέῃ χαλκήρεϊ πάλλον <span class="bibl">3.316</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.10.206</span>; ἐκ κλῆρος ὄρουσεν <span class="bibl">Il.3.325</span>; ἐκ δ' ἔθορε κλῆρος κυνέης <span class="bibl">7.182</span>; ἐν δὲ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο <span class="bibl">23.352</span>; ἐπὶ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο <span class="bibl">Od.14.209</span>, cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>1023.94 (Cos); κλήρῳ πεπαλάσθαι <span class="bibl">Od.9.331</span>; κλήρῳ λάχον ἐνθάδ' ἕπεσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.24.400</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.862</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>187</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.83</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πάντας ἀνέφεδρος ἐπαγκρατίασε τοὺς κ</b>., i.e. he never drew a bye, <span class="title">SIG</span>1073.29 (ii A.D.); κλήρου κατὰ μοῖραν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>545</span> (lyr.); διὰ τὴν τοῦ κ. τύχην <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>619d</span>, etc.; [[κλάροισι θεοπροπέων]] = [[divining by lots]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.190</span>: hence, of oracles, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1057</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span> 838</span>; Ἑρμῆς γὰρ ὢν κλήρῳ ποιήσεις οἶδ' ὅτι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>365</span>; κ. Ἑρμοῦ <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Fr.</span>39</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[casting of lots]], [[drawing of lots]], κ. τίθεσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">IA</span>1198</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>186</span> (lyr.); δοκεῖ δίκαιον εἶναι πᾶσι τῶν ἀρχῶν μετεῖναι ἐν τῷ κ. <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Ath.</span>1.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1300a19</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1390.116 (Andania, i B.C.); = Lat. [[sortitio provinciarum]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Aem.</span>10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">λαβὼν πίστιν… κλήρου</b> dub. sens. in <span class="title">OGI</span>494.19 (i or ii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> that which is [[assign]]ed by [[lot]], [[allotment]] of [[land]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.109</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.50</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>740b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span> 1265b15</span>, al.; λαβεῖν τᾶς χώρας ἐξαίρετον τὸν πρῶτον κλᾶρον <span class="title">SIG</span>141.6 (Corc.Nigr., iv B.C.); κ. ἱππικός <span class="title">OGI</span>229.102 (Smyrna, iii B.C.); περὶ τοῦ λάχους τριάκοντα καὶ ἑπτὰ κλάρων <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 289.88 (Priene, ii B.C.), cf. 313.4, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[piece of land]], [[farm]], [[estate]], οἶκος καὶ κ. <span class="bibl">Il.15.498</span>; οἶκόν τε κ. τε <span class="bibl">Od.14.64</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>37</span>, <span class="bibl">341</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.62</span>; κατέφαγε τὸν κ. <span class="bibl">Hippon.35.4</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κ. τῶν Συρίων</b> their [[lands]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.76</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.94</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Del.</span>281</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">Κύπρου Πάφου τ' ἔχουσα… κλῆρον</b>, of Aphrodite, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>463</span>; κατὰ κ. Ἰαόνιον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>899</span> (lyr.); κλῆροι χθονός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>876</span>; τῶν λαβόντων ἐν Ὀρχομενῷ κλᾶρον ἢ οἰκίαν <span class="title">IG</span> 5(2).344.12 (iii B.C.), cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>169.61 (Iasus, iv B.C.); Πισαίοις ἐνὶ κλήροισι Nic.<span class="title">Fr.</span>74.5. b. pl., [[title-deeds]], PGrenf.1.14.11 (ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[legacy]], [[inheritance]], [[heritable estate]], <span class="bibl">Is.11.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>923d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>9.2</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span>1186 (iv B.C.), <span class="title">IG</span>22.1368.127, 154. b. collect., [[body of inheritors]], Leg.Gort.l.c. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> Astrol., certain [[degree]]s in the [[zodiac]] connected with [[planet]]s and important in a [[nativity]], <span class="title">Cat.Cod.Astr.</span>1.169, 170, <span class="bibl">Ptol.<span class="title">Tetr.</span>111</span>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.59.21</span>, al., Paul.Al.<span class="title">K.</span>2 (cf. Sch.); κ. τύχης <span class="bibl">Ptol.<span class="title">Tetr.</span>129</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> generally, [[province]], [[sphere]], ἕνα θεὸν πολλῶν ἅμα προεστάναι κλήρων <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>369</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> of the Levites, Κύριος αὐτὸς κλῆρος αὐτοῦ <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">De.</span>18.2</span>: hence, of the [[Christian]] [[clergy]], ἐν κλήρῳ καταλεγόμενος <span class="title">Cod.Just.</span>1.3.38.2, <span class="bibl">Just.<span class="title">Nov.</span>6.1.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Astramps.<span class="title">Orac.</span>98.7</span>.</span><br />(B), ου, ὁ, a [[beetle]] [[destructive]] in [[beehive]]s, [[Clerus apiarius]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>605b11</span>, <span class="bibl">626b17</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1451.png Seite 1451]] ὁ (vielleicht von [[κλάω]], weil man in den ältesten Zeiten Scherben, Stückchen von Reisern oder Aehnliches zu Loosen brauchtej, – 1) das [[Loos]], das Zeichen des Looses; ἐν δὲ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο· πάλλ' Ἀχιλεύς· ἐκ δὲ [[κλῆρος]] [[θόρε]] Νεστορίδαο Il. 23, 352, wo zugleich die gewöhnlichste Art der Bestimmung oder die Wahl durchs Loos beschrieben ist; vgl. 7, 175 οἱ δὲ κλῆρον ἐσημήναντο [[ἕκαστος]], ἐν δ' ἔβαλον κυνέῃ, und 182. 189. 3, 316. 328 Od. 10, 206; ἐπὶ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο, sie warfen das Loos, 14, 209 (vgl. κλῆρον βάλλεσθαι [[ὑπέρ]] τινος Plut. Luc. 27); κλήρῳ πεπαλάχθαι 9, 331; κλήρῳ [[λαχεῖν]] Il. 24, 400; κλήροις θεοπροπέων Pind. P. 4, 191, durch Loose den Rathschluß der Götter erforschen; vgl. Eur. Phoen. 852 κλήρους δ' ἐμοὶ φύλασσε, οὓς ἔλαβον οἰωνίσματ' ὀρνίθων μαθών; Ion 908; Ἑλλάδα κλήρῳ λαχοῦσα Aesch. Pers. 123; [[κλῆρος]] ἐνθάθ' οὐκ ἐπάλλετο Soph. Ant. 392; ὅτ' αὐτοὺς οἱ τεταγμένοι βραβῆς κλήροις ἔπηλαν El. 700, als die Kampfrichter durchs Loos sie bestimmten, sie aufstellten; κλήρου κατὰ μοῖραν Eur. Rhes. 545; Her. 3, 83; διὰ τὴν τοῦ κλήρου τύχην Plat. Rep. X, 619 d; ὡς τὸ πολὺ ἀπὸ κλήρων αἱ ἀρχαὶ ἐν αὐτῇ γίγνονται Rep. VIII, 557 a, die Aemter werden durchs Loos, nach dem Loose zugetheilt; Hermes stand dem Loosen vor, Ar. Pax 364 u. Schol. – Das [[Loosen]] selbst, κλῆρον τίθεσθε Eur. I. A. 1198; κλ. καὶ [[χειροτονία]] Xen. rep. Ath. 1, 2; vgl. Plut. Timol. 31 Aem. P. 10. – Später heißen auch die Würfel, mit denen man wie durch das Loos über Zweifelhaftes entschied, κλῆροι. – 2) das [[Verloos'te]], durch das Loos Zugetheilte oder Zugefallene, der [[Antheil]], bes. der Antheil am Erbe, die Erbschaft, u. vorzugsweise ein vererbtes Grundstück, [[Erbgut]]; καὶ [[οἶκος]] καὶ [[κλῆρος]] [[ἀκήρατος]] Il. 15, 497, vgl. Od. 14, 62; Hes. O. 37. 339, [[Ländereien]], bebau'te Felder, φθείρων τῶν Συρίων τοὺς κλήρους Her. 1, 76, vgl. 9, 94; κατὰ κλῆρον Ἰόνιον Aesch. Pers. 866; πόλιν πατρὸς ὄψεσθε, κλήρους δ' ἐμβατεύσετε χθονός Eur. Heracl. 876; ἐχέτω τὴν θυγατέρα καὶ τὸν κλῆρον τοῦ τελευτήσαντος Plat. Legg. XII, 924 e, öfter, wie bei den Rednern; bes. Reden des Isaeus ὑπὲρ τοῦ κλήρου τινός, über die Erbschaft; κατέφαγε δὴ τὸν κλῆρον Hipponax bei Ath. VII, 304 b; – [[πόληες]], αἳ κλήρους ἐστήσαντο, die sich ansiedelten, Callim. Del. 281. – 3) ein den Bienenstöcken schädliches [[Insekt]], Arist. H. A. 8, 27. 9, 40. – 4) bei den K. S. der [[Klerus]], die Geistlichkeit.

|btext=ου (ὁ) :<br /><b>I. 1</b> objet dont on se sert pour tirer au sort, <i>primit.</i> petites pierres, cailloux, petits morceaux de bois <i>qu’on déposait dans un casque, postér. dans un vase où on les agitait avant de tirer</i> : [[ἐν]] κλήρους <i>ou</i> ἐπὶ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο IL, OD ils jetèrent les sorts (dans le casque) ; κλῆρον καθιέναι SOPH jeter le sort (dans le casque <i>ou</i> dans l'urne) ; κλήρους [[ἐν]] κυνέῃ πάλλειν IL agiter les sorts dans un casque ; ἐξέθορε [[κλῆρος]] κυνέης IL le sort est sorti du casque ; [[ἐκ]] [[κλῆρος]] ὄρουσεν IL le sort est sorti ; κλήρῳ [[λαχεῖν]] IL obtenir par le sort;<br /><b>2</b> tirage au sort, attribution par le sort (d'une fonction, <i>etc.</i>);<br /><b>II.</b> ce qu’on obtient par le sort, lot, part ; <i>particul.</i> :<br /><b>1</b> part d'héritage ; héritage;<br /><b>2</b> bien, domaine ; <i>particul.</i> lot de terre assigné à des colons (<i>cf.</i> [[κληρουχία]]) ; <i>en gén.</i> contrée possédée <i>ou</i> habitée par qqn.<br />'''Étymologie:''' DELG cf. [[κλῆμα]], <i>lat.</i> clades, de [[κλάω]].

|elrutext='''κλῆρος:'''<br /><b class="num">I</b> дор. [[κλᾶρος]] ὁ<br /><b class="num">1)</b> тж. pl. [[жребий]] (κλήρους ἐν κυνέῃ πάλλειν Hom.; κλάροισι θεοπροπέων Pind.): ἐν или ἐπὶ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο Hom. они бросили жребии; [[Πάριος]] ἐκ κ. ὄρουσεν Hom. жребий пал на Париса; κλήρῳ [[λάχον]] ἐνθάδ᾽ ἕπεσθαι Hom. мне досталось по жребию идти туда; διὰ τὴν τοῦ χλήρου τύχην Plat. по прихоти жребия; ἀπὸ κλήρων γίγνεσθαι Plat. распределяться по жребию;<br /><b class="num">2)</b> [[метание жребия]], [[жеребьевка]]: κλῆρον τιθέναι Eur. решать в порядке жеребьевки; ἐν τῷ κλήρῳ καὶ ἐν τῇ χειροτονίᾳ Xen. в порядке жеребьевки или в порядке избрания;<br /><b class="num">3)</b> [[доставшееся по жребию]], [[удел]], [[доля]], [[наследство]], [[достояние]]: [[οἶκος]] καὶ κ. Hom. дом со всем достоянием; ὁ κ. τοῦ τελευτήσαντος Plat. имущество покойного;<br /><b class="num">4)</b> [[удел]], [[владение]], [[земельная собственность]] (οἱ κλῆροι τῶν Συρίων Her.; ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς καὶ τῶν κλήρων τροφὴν λαμβάνειν Arst.): κ. [[Ἰαόνιος]] (= [[Ἰόνιος]]) Aesch. владения ионян.<br /><b class="num">II</b> ὁ [[клер]], [[пестряк]] (Clems [[apiarius]], жук, вредящий пчелиным ульям) Arst.

|txtha=κλήρου, ὁ, from Homer down; the Sept. [[mostly]] for גּורָל and נַחֲלָה; a [[lot]]; i. e.:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> an [[object]] used in casting or [[drawing]] lots, [[which]] [[was]] [[either]] a [[pebble]], or a [[potsherd]], or a [[bit]] of [[wood]] ([[hence]], [[κλῆρος]] is to be [[derived]] from [[κλάω]] (cf. Ellicott on βάλλοντες κλῆρον, [[Homer]], Iliad 3,316, 325; 7,175, etc.; Livy 23,3 ([[but]] cf. B. D. American edition, [[under]] the [[word]] Lots, Casting of> Lot)); [[hence]], ὁ [[κλῆρος]] πίπτει [[ἐπί]] τινα, [[what]] is obtained by [[lot]], [[allotted]] [[portion]]: λαγχάνειν and λαμβάνειν [[τόν]] κλῆρον τῆς διακονίας, a prrtion in the [[ministry]] [[common]] to the apostles, R G; ἐστι μοι [[κλῆρος]] ἐν τίνι, dative of the [[thing]], [[κληρονομία]] ([[which]] [[see]]) it is used of the [[part]] [[which]] [[one]] [[will]] [[have]] in [[eternal]] [[salvation]], λαμβάνειν ... [[τόν]] κλῆρον ἐν τοῖς ἡγιασμένοις, [[among]] the sanctified, [[κλῆρος]] [[τῶν]] ἁγίων, i. e. the [[eternal]] [[salvation]] [[which]] God has assigned to the saints, Lightfoot). of persons, οἱ κλῆροι, those whose [[care]] and [[oversight]] has been assigned to [[one]] ([[allotted]] [[charge]]), used of Christian churches, the [[administration]] of [[which]] falls to the [[lot]] of the presbyters: [[Sophocles]] Lexicon, [[under]] the [[word]]; cf. Lightfoot on Philippians, p. 246f).

|mdlsjtxt=<br /><b class="num">I.</b> a lot; in Hom., [[each]] man marks his own lot, and they are thrown [[into]] a [[helmet]], and the [[first]] [[which]] came out was the [[winning]] lot.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> a casting lots, [[drawing]] lots, Eur.; [[many]] officers at [[Athens]] obtained [[their]] offices by lot, as opp. to [[election]] ([[χειροτονία]], αἵρεσισ), Xen., Arist.; cf. [[κύαμος]] II.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> an [[allotment]] of [[land]] assigned to citizens (cf. κληρουχίἀ, Hdt., Thuc., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> any [[piece]] of [[land]], a [[portion]], [[farm]], Hom., etc.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> in Eccl. the clergy, as opp. to the laity.

|mantxt=(=λαχνός). Ἀπό το [[κλάω]] -ῶ.<br><b>Παράγωγα:</b> κληρῶ, [[κληρωτί]], [[κληρικός]], [[κλήρωσις]], [[κλήρωμα]], [[κληρωτήριον]], [[κληρωτρίς]], [[κληρωτής]], [[κληρωτικός]], [[κληρωτός]], καί τά σύνθετα: [[κληροδότης]], [[κληρονόμος]], [[κληροῦχος]], [[ναύκληρος]], [[ὁλόκληρος]].