sestertius: Difference between revisions
Ἡμερὶ πανθέλκτειρα, μεθυτρόφε, μῆτερ ὀπώρας ... → All-soothing vine, nurse of the wine, vintage's mother ... (Anthologia Palatina 7.24.1)
(6_15) |
(D_8) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>sestertĭus</b>: a, um, num. adj. contr. from [[semis]]-[[tertius]],<br /><b>I</b> [[two]] and a [[half]]; [[only]] in the phrases [[sestertius]] [[nummus]] and milia sestertia; v. I. A. and I. B. 1. [[infra]].— Mostly as subst.<br /><b>I</b> sestertĭus (written also [[with]] the characters HS.; v. B. 4. [[infra]]), ii, m. (sc. [[nummus]]); also in [[full]]: [[sestertius]] [[nummus]]; gen. plur. sestertiūm; [[rarely]] sestertiorum or sestertiūm nummūm, a sesterce, a [[small]] [[silver]] [[coin]], [[originally]] [[equal]] to [[two]] and a [[half]] asses, or one [[fourth]] of a [[denarius]]. When the as [[was]] reduced in [[weight]], [[during]] the Punic wars, the [[denarius]] [[was]] made [[equal]] to [[sixteen]] asses, and the [[sestertius]] continued to be one [[fourth]] of the [[denarius]]. Its [[value]], up to the [[time]] of [[Augustus]], [[was]] twopence and [[half]] a [[farthing]] [[sterling]], or [[four]] and one [[tenth]] cents; [[afterwards]] [[about]] one [[eighth]] [[less]]. The [[sestertius]] [[was]] the [[ordinary]] [[coin]] of the Romans, by [[which]] the largest sums were reckoned. The [[sestertium]] (1000 sestertii) [[was]] [[equal]] (up to the [[time]] of [[Augustus]], [[afterwards]] [[about]] one [[eighth]] [[less]]) to !*?8 17s. 1d. [[sterling]], or $42.94 in United States [[coin]] (v. Zumpt, Gram. § 842; Dict. of Ant. s. v. as, [[sestertius]]).<br /> <b>A</b> In gen.: [[sestertius]], [[quod]] duobus [[semis]] additur ([[dupondius]] [[enim]] et [[semis]] [[antiquus]] [[sestertius]] est) et veteris consuetudinis, ut [[retro]] aere dicerent, ita ut [[semis]] [[tertius]], [[quartus]] [[semis]] pronunciarent, ab [[semis]] [[tertius]] [[sestertius]] dicitur, Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Müll.: nostri quartam denarii partem, [[quod]] efficie batur ex duobus assibus et [[tertio]] semisse, [[sestertium]] nominaverunt, Vitr. 3, 1 med.; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 30: [[taxatio]] in libras sestertii [[singuli]] et in penuriā [[bini]], Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 130.—Freq. joined [[with]] [[nummus]]: [[mille]] nongentos [[quinquaginta]] sestertios nummos, Col. 3, 3, 9.—Gen. plur. sestertiūm: [[quid]] [[verum]] [[sit]], [[intellego]]; sed [[alias]] ita [[loquor]], ut concessum est, ut hoc vel pro deum [[dico]] vel pro deorum, [[alias]], ut [[necesse]] est, cum triumvirum non virorum, cum sestertiūm nummūm non nummorum, [[quod]] in his [[consuetudo]] [[varia]] non est, Cic. Or. 46, 56: sestertiūm sexagena milia nummūm, Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 1; cited ap. Plin. 10, 20, 23, § 45.—Rarely, sestertiorum: duo milia sestertiorum, Col. 3, 3, 13.—<br /> <b>B</b> In partic.<br /> <b>1</b> As adj. in neutr. plur., [[with]] milia (in Varr. and Col.): ut [[asinus]] venierit sestertiis milibus LX. (= [[sexaginta]] milibus [[sestertium]]), Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14: [[grex]] [[centenarius]] [[facile]] quadragena milia sestertia ut reddat, id. ib. 3, 6, 6: hos [[numquam]] [[minus]] dena milia sestertia ex melle recipere, id. ib. 3, 6, 11: Hirrius ex aedificiis duodena milia sestertia capiebat, id. ib. 3, 17, 3: sestertiis [[octo]] milibus, Col. 3, 3, 8; 3, 3, 9; 3, 3, 10.—<br /> <b>2</b> To [[express]] [[more]] [[than]] [[two]] [[complete]] thousands sestertia is used as plurale [[tantum]], [[with]] distrib. numerals ([[rare]] [[before]] the Aug. per.): si qui [[vilicus]] ex eo [[fundo]], qui sestertia dena meritasset ... domino XX. milia nummūm pro X. miserit (= [[decem]] milia sestertiūm), Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 50, § 119: candidati [[apud]] eum HS. quingena deposuerunt (= [[quindecim]] milia sestertiūm), id. Att. 4, 15, 7: capit [[ille]] ex suis praediis sexcena sestertia, ego centena ex meis, id. Par. 6, 3, 49: bis dena [[super]] sestertia nummum, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 33: [[Tiberius]] Hortalo se respondisse ait, daturum liberis ejus [[ducena]] sestertia singulis, Tac. A. 2, 38: [[princeps]] capiendis pecuniis posuit modum [[usque]] ad dena sestertia, id. ib. 11, 7.—Rarely [[with]] [[card]]. numerals: sestertia [[centum]], Sall. C. 30, 6: [[septem]] donat sestertia, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 80: [[centum]] sestertia, Mart. 6, 20, 1: [[sex]] sestertia, id. 6, 30, 1; cf.: ne cui jus esset [[nisi]] qui ... HS. CCCC. [[census]] fuisset, Plin. 33, 2, 8, § 32.—<br /> <b>3</b> Millions of sesterces were expressed in [[three]] ways:<br /> <b>a</b> By the words centena (or [[centum]]) milia sestertiūm, preceded by a [[numeral]] adverb ([[rare]]): miliens centena milia [[sestertium]], a [[hundred]] millions, etc., Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 84.—<br /> <b>b</b> With ellips. of the words centena milia, the gen. plur. sestertiūm [[being]] preceded by the [[numeral]] adv. ([[rare]]; [[once]] in Cic.): HS. (i. e. [[sestertium]]) [[quater]] [[decies]] P. Tadio numerata Athenis ... [[planum]] faciam (i.e. sestertiūm [[quater]] [[decies]] centena milia, = 1,400,000 sesterces), Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100 ([[where]] B. and K. [[after]] Orell. [[read]]. ex conj., [[sestertium]]; v. Kühner, Gram. § 229, 5 b.).—<br /> <b>c</b> With [[sestertium]], declined as subst. neutr., and the [[numeral]] adverbs from [[decies]] [[upward]] (also [[with]] ellips. of centena or [[centum]] milia; [[sestertium]] here = [[centum]] milia sestertiūm. The [[origin]] of this [[usage]], [[which]] became [[general]], has been [[much]] [[disputed]], and it is [[usual]] to [[explain]] it, [[after]] Non. p. 495 (cf. Quint. 1, 6, 18), as a grammatical [[blunder]], by [[which]] the gen. plur. [[sestertium]] has been [[mistaken]] for a neutr. [[sing]]., Zumpt, Gram. § 873; [[but]] it [[more]] [[probably]] grew [[out]] of the adj. [[use]] of [[sestertium]] [[with]] [[mille]], [[supra]]; v. Fischer, Gram. 2, p. 269; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 116; Kühner, Gram. § 209).<br /> <b>(a)</b> Nom. and acc.: [[quom]] ei testamento [[sestertium]] milies relinquatur, Cic. Off. 3, 24, 93: [[nonne]] [[sestertium]] centies et [[octogies]] ... Romae in quaestu reliquisti? id. Pis. 35, 86: [[sestertium]] [[sexagies]], [[quod]] advexerat [[Domitius]], Caes. B. C. 1, 23, 4: [[sestertium]] [[quadringenties]] aerario illatum est, Tac. A. 13, 31: [[sestertium]] deciens numeratum esse, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 20; 2, 3, 70, § 163: [[quadringenties]] [[sestertium]], [[quod]] debuisti, id. Phil. 2, 37, 93; id. Off. 3, 24, 93; Nep. Att. 14, 2: [[sestertium]] [[ducenties]] ex eā praedā redactum esse, Liv. 45, 43, 8; Val. Max. 9, 1, 6: [[sestertium]] milies in culinam congerere, Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 10, 3: [[quater]] milies [[sestertium]] suum vidit, id. Ben. 2, 27, 1; Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37; Tac. A. 6, 45; 12, 22; 12, 53; 13, 31; id. H. 4, 47; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Galb. 5.—Sometimes [[with]] ellips. of [[sestertium]]: [[dissipatio]], per [[quam]] [[Antonius]] [[septies]] miliens avertit, Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 11.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Gen.: [[syngrapha]] sestertii centies per legatos facta, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95: argenti ad summam sestertii [[decies]] in aerarium rettulit, Liv. 45, 4, 1: sestertii milies [[servus]], Sen. Q. N. 1, 16, 1: [[liberalitas]] [[decies]] sestertii, Tac. A. 2, 37; 2, 86: centies sestertii [[largitio]], id. ib. 12, 58; 12, 53; Plin. Ep. 10, 3 (5), 2.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Abl.: [[quadragies]] sestertio villam venisse, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 3: [[sexagies]] sestertio, [[tricies]] sestertio, Val. Max. 9, 1, 4: centies sestertio cenavit uno [[die]], Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 9, 11: pantomimae [[decies]] sestertio nubunt, id. ib. 12, 5; id. Ben. 4, 36, 1; Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 196: [[accepto]] quinquagies sestertio, Tac. A. 3, 17; 6, 17; 16, 13; id. H. 4, 42; Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 7; Suet. Caes. 50; id. Tib. 48; id. Calig. 38, 4.—The [[sign]] HS., i.e. II. and [[semis]], stands for [[sestertius]], sestertia, and [[sestertium]], in all the uses described [[above]]; [[when]] it is [[necessary]], to [[avoid]] [[ambiguity]], its meanings are [[distinguished]] [[thus]]: HS. XX. stands for sestertii [[viginti]]; HS. X[dibreve]X., [[with]] a [[line]] [[over]] the [[numeral]], = sestertia vicena, or 20,000 sesterces; H[dibreve]S. X[dibreve]X., [[with]] lines [[over]] [[both]] signs, = [[sestertium]] vicies, or 2,000,000 sesterces (Kühner, Gram. § 229 Anm. 1). But in [[recent]] edd. the numerals are usu. written in [[full]], [[when]] the [[meaning]] would [[otherwise]] be [[doubtful]].—<br /> <b>C</b> Transf., in gen.<br /> <b>a</b> Nummo sestertio or sestertio nummo, for a [[small]] [[sum]], for a [[trifle]] ([[good]] [[prose]]): [[ecquis]] est, qui bona C. Rabirii Postumi nummo sestertio sibi addici velit? Tua, Postume, nummo sestertio a me addicuntur, Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 45; Val. Max. 5, 2, 10: C. Matienus [[damnatus]] sestertio nummo veniit, Liv. Epit. 55: quae maxima [[inter]] vos habentur, [[divitiae]], [[gratia]], [[potentia]], sestertio nummo aestiman da sunt, Sen. Ep. 95, 59; Val. Max. 8, 2, 3.—*<br /> <b>b</b> Money, a [[sum]] of [[money]]: sestertio [[amplo]] comparare, for a [[large]] [[sum]], Sol. 27 (40) fin.—<br /> <b>D</b> In the times of the emperors, also, a [[copper]] [[coin]], [[worth]] [[four]] asses, Plin. 34, 2, 2, § 4; cf. Eckhel. Doctr. Num. 6, p. 283.—*<br /><b>II</b> ses-tertĭum, ii, n., in econom. lang., as a [[measure]] of [[dimension]], [[two]] and a [[half]] feet [[deep]]: ipsum agrum sat erit bipalio vertere: [[quod]] vocant rustici [[sestertium]], Col. Arb. 1, 5 (for [[which]]: [[siccus]] [[ager]] bipalio subigi debet, quae est [[altitudo]] pastinationis, cum in duos [[pedes]] et semissem convertitur [[humus]], id. ib. 3, 5, 3). | |lshtext=<b>sestertĭus</b>: a, um, num. adj. contr. from [[semis]]-[[tertius]],<br /><b>I</b> [[two]] and a [[half]]; [[only]] in the phrases [[sestertius]] [[nummus]] and milia sestertia; v. I. A. and I. B. 1. [[infra]].— Mostly as subst.<br /><b>I</b> sestertĭus (written also [[with]] the characters HS.; v. B. 4. [[infra]]), ii, m. (sc. [[nummus]]); also in [[full]]: [[sestertius]] [[nummus]]; gen. plur. sestertiūm; [[rarely]] sestertiorum or sestertiūm nummūm, a sesterce, a [[small]] [[silver]] [[coin]], [[originally]] [[equal]] to [[two]] and a [[half]] asses, or one [[fourth]] of a [[denarius]]. When the as [[was]] reduced in [[weight]], [[during]] the Punic wars, the [[denarius]] [[was]] made [[equal]] to [[sixteen]] asses, and the [[sestertius]] continued to be one [[fourth]] of the [[denarius]]. Its [[value]], up to the [[time]] of [[Augustus]], [[was]] twopence and [[half]] a [[farthing]] [[sterling]], or [[four]] and one [[tenth]] cents; [[afterwards]] [[about]] one [[eighth]] [[less]]. The [[sestertius]] [[was]] the [[ordinary]] [[coin]] of the Romans, by [[which]] the largest sums were reckoned. The [[sestertium]] (1000 sestertii) [[was]] [[equal]] (up to the [[time]] of [[Augustus]], [[afterwards]] [[about]] one [[eighth]] [[less]]) to !*?8 17s. 1d. [[sterling]], or $42.94 in United States [[coin]] (v. Zumpt, Gram. § 842; Dict. of Ant. s. v. as, [[sestertius]]).<br /> <b>A</b> In gen.: [[sestertius]], [[quod]] duobus [[semis]] additur ([[dupondius]] [[enim]] et [[semis]] [[antiquus]] [[sestertius]] est) et veteris consuetudinis, ut [[retro]] aere dicerent, ita ut [[semis]] [[tertius]], [[quartus]] [[semis]] pronunciarent, ab [[semis]] [[tertius]] [[sestertius]] dicitur, Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Müll.: nostri quartam denarii partem, [[quod]] efficie batur ex duobus assibus et [[tertio]] semisse, [[sestertium]] nominaverunt, Vitr. 3, 1 med.; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 30: [[taxatio]] in libras sestertii [[singuli]] et in penuriā [[bini]], Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 130.—Freq. joined [[with]] [[nummus]]: [[mille]] nongentos [[quinquaginta]] sestertios nummos, Col. 3, 3, 9.—Gen. plur. sestertiūm: [[quid]] [[verum]] [[sit]], [[intellego]]; sed [[alias]] ita [[loquor]], ut concessum est, ut hoc vel pro deum [[dico]] vel pro deorum, [[alias]], ut [[necesse]] est, cum triumvirum non virorum, cum sestertiūm nummūm non nummorum, [[quod]] in his [[consuetudo]] [[varia]] non est, Cic. Or. 46, 56: sestertiūm sexagena milia nummūm, Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 1; cited ap. Plin. 10, 20, 23, § 45.—Rarely, sestertiorum: duo milia sestertiorum, Col. 3, 3, 13.—<br /> <b>B</b> In partic.<br /> <b>1</b> As adj. in neutr. plur., [[with]] milia (in Varr. and Col.): ut [[asinus]] venierit sestertiis milibus LX. (= [[sexaginta]] milibus [[sestertium]]), Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14: [[grex]] [[centenarius]] [[facile]] quadragena milia sestertia ut reddat, id. ib. 3, 6, 6: hos [[numquam]] [[minus]] dena milia sestertia ex melle recipere, id. ib. 3, 6, 11: Hirrius ex aedificiis duodena milia sestertia capiebat, id. ib. 3, 17, 3: sestertiis [[octo]] milibus, Col. 3, 3, 8; 3, 3, 9; 3, 3, 10.—<br /> <b>2</b> To [[express]] [[more]] [[than]] [[two]] [[complete]] thousands sestertia is used as plurale [[tantum]], [[with]] distrib. numerals ([[rare]] [[before]] the Aug. per.): si qui [[vilicus]] ex eo [[fundo]], qui sestertia dena meritasset ... domino XX. milia nummūm pro X. miserit (= [[decem]] milia sestertiūm), Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 50, § 119: candidati [[apud]] eum HS. quingena deposuerunt (= [[quindecim]] milia sestertiūm), id. Att. 4, 15, 7: capit [[ille]] ex suis praediis sexcena sestertia, ego centena ex meis, id. Par. 6, 3, 49: bis dena [[super]] sestertia nummum, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 33: [[Tiberius]] Hortalo se respondisse ait, daturum liberis ejus [[ducena]] sestertia singulis, Tac. A. 2, 38: [[princeps]] capiendis pecuniis posuit modum [[usque]] ad dena sestertia, id. ib. 11, 7.—Rarely [[with]] [[card]]. numerals: sestertia [[centum]], Sall. C. 30, 6: [[septem]] donat sestertia, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 80: [[centum]] sestertia, Mart. 6, 20, 1: [[sex]] sestertia, id. 6, 30, 1; cf.: ne cui jus esset [[nisi]] qui ... HS. CCCC. [[census]] fuisset, Plin. 33, 2, 8, § 32.—<br /> <b>3</b> Millions of sesterces were expressed in [[three]] ways:<br /> <b>a</b> By the words centena (or [[centum]]) milia sestertiūm, preceded by a [[numeral]] adverb ([[rare]]): miliens centena milia [[sestertium]], a [[hundred]] millions, etc., Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 84.—<br /> <b>b</b> With ellips. of the words centena milia, the gen. plur. sestertiūm [[being]] preceded by the [[numeral]] adv. ([[rare]]; [[once]] in Cic.): HS. (i. e. [[sestertium]]) [[quater]] [[decies]] P. Tadio numerata Athenis ... [[planum]] faciam (i.e. sestertiūm [[quater]] [[decies]] centena milia, = 1,400,000 sesterces), Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100 ([[where]] B. and K. [[after]] Orell. [[read]]. ex conj., [[sestertium]]; v. Kühner, Gram. § 229, 5 b.).—<br /> <b>c</b> With [[sestertium]], declined as subst. neutr., and the [[numeral]] adverbs from [[decies]] [[upward]] (also [[with]] ellips. of centena or [[centum]] milia; [[sestertium]] here = [[centum]] milia sestertiūm. The [[origin]] of this [[usage]], [[which]] became [[general]], has been [[much]] [[disputed]], and it is [[usual]] to [[explain]] it, [[after]] Non. p. 495 (cf. Quint. 1, 6, 18), as a grammatical [[blunder]], by [[which]] the gen. plur. [[sestertium]] has been [[mistaken]] for a neutr. [[sing]]., Zumpt, Gram. § 873; [[but]] it [[more]] [[probably]] grew [[out]] of the adj. [[use]] of [[sestertium]] [[with]] [[mille]], [[supra]]; v. Fischer, Gram. 2, p. 269; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 116; Kühner, Gram. § 209).<br /> <b>(a)</b> Nom. and acc.: [[quom]] ei testamento [[sestertium]] milies relinquatur, Cic. Off. 3, 24, 93: [[nonne]] [[sestertium]] centies et [[octogies]] ... Romae in quaestu reliquisti? id. Pis. 35, 86: [[sestertium]] [[sexagies]], [[quod]] advexerat [[Domitius]], Caes. B. C. 1, 23, 4: [[sestertium]] [[quadringenties]] aerario illatum est, Tac. A. 13, 31: [[sestertium]] deciens numeratum esse, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 20; 2, 3, 70, § 163: [[quadringenties]] [[sestertium]], [[quod]] debuisti, id. Phil. 2, 37, 93; id. Off. 3, 24, 93; Nep. Att. 14, 2: [[sestertium]] [[ducenties]] ex eā praedā redactum esse, Liv. 45, 43, 8; Val. Max. 9, 1, 6: [[sestertium]] milies in culinam congerere, Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 10, 3: [[quater]] milies [[sestertium]] suum vidit, id. Ben. 2, 27, 1; Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37; Tac. A. 6, 45; 12, 22; 12, 53; 13, 31; id. H. 4, 47; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Galb. 5.—Sometimes [[with]] ellips. of [[sestertium]]: [[dissipatio]], per [[quam]] [[Antonius]] [[septies]] miliens avertit, Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 11.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Gen.: [[syngrapha]] sestertii centies per legatos facta, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95: argenti ad summam sestertii [[decies]] in aerarium rettulit, Liv. 45, 4, 1: sestertii milies [[servus]], Sen. Q. N. 1, 16, 1: [[liberalitas]] [[decies]] sestertii, Tac. A. 2, 37; 2, 86: centies sestertii [[largitio]], id. ib. 12, 58; 12, 53; Plin. Ep. 10, 3 (5), 2.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Abl.: [[quadragies]] sestertio villam venisse, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 3: [[sexagies]] sestertio, [[tricies]] sestertio, Val. Max. 9, 1, 4: centies sestertio cenavit uno [[die]], Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 9, 11: pantomimae [[decies]] sestertio nubunt, id. ib. 12, 5; id. Ben. 4, 36, 1; Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 196: [[accepto]] quinquagies sestertio, Tac. A. 3, 17; 6, 17; 16, 13; id. H. 4, 42; Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 7; Suet. Caes. 50; id. Tib. 48; id. Calig. 38, 4.—The [[sign]] HS., i.e. II. and [[semis]], stands for [[sestertius]], sestertia, and [[sestertium]], in all the uses described [[above]]; [[when]] it is [[necessary]], to [[avoid]] [[ambiguity]], its meanings are [[distinguished]] [[thus]]: HS. XX. stands for sestertii [[viginti]]; HS. X[dibreve]X., [[with]] a [[line]] [[over]] the [[numeral]], = sestertia vicena, or 20,000 sesterces; H[dibreve]S. X[dibreve]X., [[with]] lines [[over]] [[both]] signs, = [[sestertium]] vicies, or 2,000,000 sesterces (Kühner, Gram. § 229 Anm. 1). But in [[recent]] edd. the numerals are usu. written in [[full]], [[when]] the [[meaning]] would [[otherwise]] be [[doubtful]].—<br /> <b>C</b> Transf., in gen.<br /> <b>a</b> Nummo sestertio or sestertio nummo, for a [[small]] [[sum]], for a [[trifle]] ([[good]] [[prose]]): [[ecquis]] est, qui bona C. Rabirii Postumi nummo sestertio sibi addici velit? Tua, Postume, nummo sestertio a me addicuntur, Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 45; Val. Max. 5, 2, 10: C. Matienus [[damnatus]] sestertio nummo veniit, Liv. Epit. 55: quae maxima [[inter]] vos habentur, [[divitiae]], [[gratia]], [[potentia]], sestertio nummo aestiman da sunt, Sen. Ep. 95, 59; Val. Max. 8, 2, 3.—*<br /> <b>b</b> Money, a [[sum]] of [[money]]: sestertio [[amplo]] comparare, for a [[large]] [[sum]], Sol. 27 (40) fin.—<br /> <b>D</b> In the times of the emperors, also, a [[copper]] [[coin]], [[worth]] [[four]] asses, Plin. 34, 2, 2, § 4; cf. Eckhel. Doctr. Num. 6, p. 283.—*<br /><b>II</b> ses-tertĭum, ii, n., in econom. lang., as a [[measure]] of [[dimension]], [[two]] and a [[half]] feet [[deep]]: ipsum agrum sat erit bipalio vertere: [[quod]] vocant rustici [[sestertium]], Col. Arb. 1, 5 (for [[which]]: [[siccus]] [[ager]] bipalio subigi debet, quae est [[altitudo]] pastinationis, cum in duos [[pedes]] et semissem convertitur [[humus]], id. ib. 3, 5, 3). | ||
}} | |||
{{Gaffiot | |||
|gf=(1) <b>sēstertĭus</b>,¹³ a, um ([[semis]], [[tertius]]), qui contient deux et demi :<br /><b>1</b> [[sestertius]] [[nummus]], sesterce ; gén. pl. [[sestertium]] nummum Cic. Or. 56 ; [[Varro]] R. 3, 6, 1 ; v. [[sestertius]] 2<br /><b>2</b> [fig.] de faible valeur : sestertio nummo æstimare [[aliquid]] Sen. Ep. 95, 59, estimer qqch. un [[rien]], cf. Cic. Rab. Post. 45.<br />(2) <b>sēstertĭus</b>,⁸ ĭī, m., sesterce, monnaie d’argent valant deux as et demi ou le quart du denier, en abrégé II et S(emis), devenu HS<br /><b>1</b> de 1 à 1 000 la forme [[sestertius]] [[est]] d’usage ; [[quattuor]] sestertii, [[centum]], [[mille]] sestertii, quatre, cent, [[mille]] sesterces<br /><b>2</b> à partir de 1 000 : <b> a)</b> gén. pl. [[sestertium]] : bina [[milia]] [[sestertium]], 2 000 sesterces ; rar<sup>t</sup> sestertiorum ; <b> b)</b> [[sestertium]] n’étant [[plus]] senti comme génitif a été pris comme un subst. [[neutre]] = 1 000 sesterces ; d’où tria, [[septem]], trecenta sestertia, 3 000, 7 000, 300 000 sesterces ; et [[plus]] souvent avec les distributifs<br /><b>3</b> les millions sont désignés de deux façons : <b> a)</b> [[decies]], [[vicies]], [[tricies]] [[centena]] [[milia]] [[sestertium]], 10 fois, 20 fois, 30 fois 100 000 sesterces = 1, 2, 3 millions de sesterces ; <b> b)</b> suppression de [[centena]] avec [[sestertium]] se déclinant, touj. au sing. et signifiant 100 000 sesterces : ei [[sestertium]] [[milies]] relinquitur Cic. Off. 3, 93, il lui [[est]] laissé 100 millions de sesterces ; [[syngrapha]] sestertii centies Cic. Phil. 2, 95, obligation de 10 millions de sesterces ; centies sestertio cenare Sen. Helv. 10, 4, faire un dîner de 10 millions de sesterces<br /><b>4</b> abréviations : HS XX = 20 sesterces ; 000 sesterces ; XX|$ = 2 000 000 de sesterces<br /><b>5</b> [fig.] [[amplo]] sestertio [[emere]] [[Sol]]. 27, 53, acheter cher, à prix d’or<br /><b>6</b> sous les empereurs, monnaie de cuivre valant 4 as : Plin. 34, 4. | |||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 07:04, 14 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
sestertĭus: a, um, num. adj. contr. from semis-tertius,
I two and a half; only in the phrases sestertius nummus and milia sestertia; v. I. A. and I. B. 1. infra.— Mostly as subst.
I sestertĭus (written also with the characters HS.; v. B. 4. infra), ii, m. (sc. nummus); also in full: sestertius nummus; gen. plur. sestertiūm; rarely sestertiorum or sestertiūm nummūm, a sesterce, a small silver coin, originally equal to two and a half asses, or one fourth of a denarius. When the as was reduced in weight, during the Punic wars, the denarius was made equal to sixteen asses, and the sestertius continued to be one fourth of the denarius. Its value, up to the time of Augustus, was twopence and half a farthing sterling, or four and one tenth cents; afterwards about one eighth less. The sestertius was the ordinary coin of the Romans, by which the largest sums were reckoned. The sestertium (1000 sestertii) was equal (up to the time of Augustus, afterwards about one eighth less) to !*?8 17s. 1d. sterling, or $42.94 in United States coin (v. Zumpt, Gram. § 842; Dict. of Ant. s. v. as, sestertius).
A In gen.: sestertius, quod duobus semis additur (dupondius enim et semis antiquus sestertius est) et veteris consuetudinis, ut retro aere dicerent, ita ut semis tertius, quartus semis pronunciarent, ab semis tertius sestertius dicitur, Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Müll.: nostri quartam denarii partem, quod efficie batur ex duobus assibus et tertio semisse, sestertium nominaverunt, Vitr. 3, 1 med.; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 30: taxatio in libras sestertii singuli et in penuriā bini, Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 130.—Freq. joined with nummus: mille nongentos quinquaginta sestertios nummos, Col. 3, 3, 9.—Gen. plur. sestertiūm: quid verum sit, intellego; sed alias ita loquor, ut concessum est, ut hoc vel pro deum dico vel pro deorum, alias, ut necesse est, cum triumvirum non virorum, cum sestertiūm nummūm non nummorum, quod in his consuetudo varia non est, Cic. Or. 46, 56: sestertiūm sexagena milia nummūm, Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 1; cited ap. Plin. 10, 20, 23, § 45.—Rarely, sestertiorum: duo milia sestertiorum, Col. 3, 3, 13.—
B In partic.
1 As adj. in neutr. plur., with milia (in Varr. and Col.): ut asinus venierit sestertiis milibus LX. (= sexaginta milibus sestertium), Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14: grex centenarius facile quadragena milia sestertia ut reddat, id. ib. 3, 6, 6: hos numquam minus dena milia sestertia ex melle recipere, id. ib. 3, 6, 11: Hirrius ex aedificiis duodena milia sestertia capiebat, id. ib. 3, 17, 3: sestertiis octo milibus, Col. 3, 3, 8; 3, 3, 9; 3, 3, 10.—
2 To express more than two complete thousands sestertia is used as plurale tantum, with distrib. numerals (rare before the Aug. per.): si qui vilicus ex eo fundo, qui sestertia dena meritasset ... domino XX. milia nummūm pro X. miserit (= decem milia sestertiūm), Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 50, § 119: candidati apud eum HS. quingena deposuerunt (= quindecim milia sestertiūm), id. Att. 4, 15, 7: capit ille ex suis praediis sexcena sestertia, ego centena ex meis, id. Par. 6, 3, 49: bis dena super sestertia nummum, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 33: Tiberius Hortalo se respondisse ait, daturum liberis ejus ducena sestertia singulis, Tac. A. 2, 38: princeps capiendis pecuniis posuit modum usque ad dena sestertia, id. ib. 11, 7.—Rarely with card. numerals: sestertia centum, Sall. C. 30, 6: septem donat sestertia, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 80: centum sestertia, Mart. 6, 20, 1: sex sestertia, id. 6, 30, 1; cf.: ne cui jus esset nisi qui ... HS. CCCC. census fuisset, Plin. 33, 2, 8, § 32.—
3 Millions of sesterces were expressed in three ways:
a By the words centena (or centum) milia sestertiūm, preceded by a numeral adverb (rare): miliens centena milia sestertium, a hundred millions, etc., Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 84.—
b With ellips. of the words centena milia, the gen. plur. sestertiūm being preceded by the numeral adv. (rare; once in Cic.): HS. (i. e. sestertium) quater decies P. Tadio numerata Athenis ... planum faciam (i.e. sestertiūm quater decies centena milia, = 1,400,000 sesterces), Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100 (where B. and K. after Orell. read. ex conj., sestertium; v. Kühner, Gram. § 229, 5 b.).—
c With sestertium, declined as subst. neutr., and the numeral adverbs from decies upward (also with ellips. of centena or centum milia; sestertium here = centum milia sestertiūm. The origin of this usage, which became general, has been much disputed, and it is usual to explain it, after Non. p. 495 (cf. Quint. 1, 6, 18), as a grammatical blunder, by which the gen. plur. sestertium has been mistaken for a neutr. sing., Zumpt, Gram. § 873; but it more probably grew out of the adj. use of sestertium with mille, supra; v. Fischer, Gram. 2, p. 269; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 116; Kühner, Gram. § 209).
(a) Nom. and acc.: quom ei testamento sestertium milies relinquatur, Cic. Off. 3, 24, 93: nonne sestertium centies et octogies ... Romae in quaestu reliquisti? id. Pis. 35, 86: sestertium sexagies, quod advexerat Domitius, Caes. B. C. 1, 23, 4: sestertium quadringenties aerario illatum est, Tac. A. 13, 31: sestertium deciens numeratum esse, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 20; 2, 3, 70, § 163: quadringenties sestertium, quod debuisti, id. Phil. 2, 37, 93; id. Off. 3, 24, 93; Nep. Att. 14, 2: sestertium ducenties ex eā praedā redactum esse, Liv. 45, 43, 8; Val. Max. 9, 1, 6: sestertium milies in culinam congerere, Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 10, 3: quater milies sestertium suum vidit, id. Ben. 2, 27, 1; Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37; Tac. A. 6, 45; 12, 22; 12, 53; 13, 31; id. H. 4, 47; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Galb. 5.—Sometimes with ellips. of sestertium: dissipatio, per quam Antonius septies miliens avertit, Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 11.—
(b) Gen.: syngrapha sestertii centies per legatos facta, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95: argenti ad summam sestertii decies in aerarium rettulit, Liv. 45, 4, 1: sestertii milies servus, Sen. Q. N. 1, 16, 1: liberalitas decies sestertii, Tac. A. 2, 37; 2, 86: centies sestertii largitio, id. ib. 12, 58; 12, 53; Plin. Ep. 10, 3 (5), 2.—
(g) Abl.: quadragies sestertio villam venisse, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 3: sexagies sestertio, tricies sestertio, Val. Max. 9, 1, 4: centies sestertio cenavit uno die, Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 9, 11: pantomimae decies sestertio nubunt, id. ib. 12, 5; id. Ben. 4, 36, 1; Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 196: accepto quinquagies sestertio, Tac. A. 3, 17; 6, 17; 16, 13; id. H. 4, 42; Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 7; Suet. Caes. 50; id. Tib. 48; id. Calig. 38, 4.—The sign HS., i.e. II. and semis, stands for sestertius, sestertia, and sestertium, in all the uses described above; when it is necessary, to avoid ambiguity, its meanings are distinguished thus: HS. XX. stands for sestertii viginti; HS. X[dibreve]X., with a line over the numeral, = sestertia vicena, or 20,000 sesterces; H[dibreve]S. X[dibreve]X., with lines over both signs, = sestertium vicies, or 2,000,000 sesterces (Kühner, Gram. § 229 Anm. 1). But in recent edd. the numerals are usu. written in full, when the meaning would otherwise be doubtful.—
C Transf., in gen.
a Nummo sestertio or sestertio nummo, for a small sum, for a trifle (good prose): ecquis est, qui bona C. Rabirii Postumi nummo sestertio sibi addici velit? Tua, Postume, nummo sestertio a me addicuntur, Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 45; Val. Max. 5, 2, 10: C. Matienus damnatus sestertio nummo veniit, Liv. Epit. 55: quae maxima inter vos habentur, divitiae, gratia, potentia, sestertio nummo aestiman da sunt, Sen. Ep. 95, 59; Val. Max. 8, 2, 3.—*
b Money, a sum of money: sestertio amplo comparare, for a large sum, Sol. 27 (40) fin.—
D In the times of the emperors, also, a copper coin, worth four asses, Plin. 34, 2, 2, § 4; cf. Eckhel. Doctr. Num. 6, p. 283.—*
II ses-tertĭum, ii, n., in econom. lang., as a measure of dimension, two and a half feet deep: ipsum agrum sat erit bipalio vertere: quod vocant rustici sestertium, Col. Arb. 1, 5 (for which: siccus ager bipalio subigi debet, quae est altitudo pastinationis, cum in duos pedes et semissem convertitur humus, id. ib. 3, 5, 3).
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
(1) sēstertĭus,¹³ a, um (semis, tertius), qui contient deux et demi :
1 sestertius nummus, sesterce ; gén. pl. sestertium nummum Cic. Or. 56 ; Varro R. 3, 6, 1 ; v. sestertius 2
2 [fig.] de faible valeur : sestertio nummo æstimare aliquid Sen. Ep. 95, 59, estimer qqch. un rien, cf. Cic. Rab. Post. 45.
(2) sēstertĭus,⁸ ĭī, m., sesterce, monnaie d’argent valant deux as et demi ou le quart du denier, en abrégé II et S(emis), devenu HS
1 de 1 à 1 000 la forme sestertius est d’usage ; quattuor sestertii, centum, mille sestertii, quatre, cent, mille sesterces
2 à partir de 1 000 : a) gén. pl. sestertium : bina milia sestertium, 2 000 sesterces ; rart sestertiorum ; b) sestertium n’étant plus senti comme génitif a été pris comme un subst. neutre = 1 000 sesterces ; d’où tria, septem, trecenta sestertia, 3 000, 7 000, 300 000 sesterces ; et plus souvent avec les distributifs
3 les millions sont désignés de deux façons : a) decies, vicies, tricies centena milia sestertium, 10 fois, 20 fois, 30 fois 100 000 sesterces = 1, 2, 3 millions de sesterces ; b) suppression de centena avec sestertium se déclinant, touj. au sing. et signifiant 100 000 sesterces : ei sestertium milies relinquitur Cic. Off. 3, 93, il lui est laissé 100 millions de sesterces ; syngrapha sestertii centies Cic. Phil. 2, 95, obligation de 10 millions de sesterces ; centies sestertio cenare Sen. Helv. 10, 4, faire un dîner de 10 millions de sesterces
4 abréviations : HS XX = 20 sesterces ; 000 sesterces ; XX
