ὑπέρ: Difference between revisions
Οὔτ' ἐν φθιμένοις οὔτ' ἐν ζωοῖσιν ἀριθμουμένη, χωρὶς δή τινα τῶνδ' ἔχουσα μοῖραν → Neither among the dead nor the living do I count myself, having a lot apart from these
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|strgr=a [[primary]] preposition; "[[over]]", i.e. ([[with]] the genitive [[case]]) of [[place]], [[above]], [[beyond]], [[across]], or causal, for the [[sake]] of, [[instead]], [[regarding]]; [[with]] the accusative [[case]] [[superior]] to, [[more]] [[than]]: (+ [[exceeding]], [[abundantly]]) [[above]], in (on) [[behalf]] of, [[beyond]], by, + [[very]] chiefest, [[concerning]], [[exceeding]] ([[above]], -ly), for, + [[very]] [[highly]], [[more]] ([[than]]), of, [[over]], on the [[part]] of, for [[sake]] of, in [[stead]], [[than]], to(-[[ward]]), [[very]]. In the [[comparative]], it retains [[many]] of the [[above]] applications. | |strgr=a [[primary]] preposition; "[[over]]", i.e. ([[with]] the genitive [[case]]) of [[place]], [[above]], [[beyond]], [[across]], or causal, for the [[sake]] of, [[instead]], [[regarding]]; [[with]] the accusative [[case]] [[superior]] to, [[more]] [[than]]: (+ [[exceeding]], [[abundantly]]) [[above]], in (on) [[behalf]] of, [[beyond]], by, + [[very]] chiefest, [[concerning]], [[exceeding]] ([[above]], -ly), for, + [[very]] [[highly]], [[more]] ([[than]]), of, [[over]], on the [[part]] of, for [[sake]] of, in [[stead]], [[than]], to(-[[ward]]), [[very]]. In the [[comparative]], it retains [[many]] of the [[above]] applications. | ||
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{{Thayer | |||
|txtha=(cf. English up, over, etc.), Latin super, over, a preposition, which stands before either the genitive or the accusative according as it is used to express the idea of state and rest or of motion over and beyond a place. I. with the genitive; cf. Winer's Grammar, 382 f (358f).<br /><b class="num">1.</b> properly, of place, i. e. of position, situation, extension: over, above, beyond, across. In this sense it does not occur in the N. T.; but there it always, though joined to other classes of words, has a tropical signification derived from its original meaning.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> equivalent to Latin pro, for, i. e. for one's safety, for one's advantage or benefit (one who does a thing for another, is conceived of as standing or bending 'over' the one whom he would shield or defend (cf. Winer's Grammar, as above)): προσεύχεσθε ὑπέρ τῶν ..., T Tr marginal reading WH περί (see 6 below)); L Tr WH marginal reading (see 6 below); (L Tr marginal reading WH text), 9; εὔχομαι, R G T Tr text WH marginal reading); after δέομαι, δέησις, προσευχή, L T Tr WH περί (see 6 below)); εἶναι ὑπέρ τίνος (opposed to κατά τίνος), to be for one i. e. to be on one's side, to favor and further one's cause, τό ὑπέρ τίνος that which is for one's advantage, ἀναθάλλω and φρονέω, at the end); ἐντυγχάνω and ὑπερεντυγχάνω, R G, 27,34; λέγω, R WH text (see 6 below); μερίμνω, ἀγρύπνω, ἀγωνίζομαι ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς, πρεσβεύω, ζῆλος, ); πόνος, G L T Tr WH); σπουδή, διάκονος, ἀρχειρεα καθίστασθαι, τήν ψυχήν τιθέναι (ὑπέρ τίνος), in order to avert ruin, death, etc., from one, τό αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐκχύνειν, passive, L T Tr WH (see 6 below); WH reject the passage); ἀπολέσθαι, ἀποθνῄσκειν, L T Tr WH); T Tr WH text περί (see 6 below); L T Tr WH text); γεύεσθαι θανάτου, σταυρωθῆναι, L text Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading περί (see 6 below)); (of God giving up his Song of Solomon , παραδιδόναι τινα ἑαυτόν, διδόναι ἑαυτόν, ἀντίλυτρον, τό σῶμα αὐτοῦ διδόναι, passive, WH reject the passage), cf. τυθῆναι (θυθῆναι, see θύω, at the beginning), παθεῖν, R G WH marginal reading; 4:1 R G); ἁγιάζειν ἑαυτόν, ὑπέρ, like the Latin pro and our for, comes to signify<br /><b class="num">3.</b> in the place of, instead of (which is more precisely expressed by ἀντί; hence, the two prepositions are interchanged by Irenaeus, adv. haer. 5,1, τῷ ἰδίῳ αἵματι λυτρωσαμένου ἡμᾶς τοῦ κυρίου καί δόντος τήν ψυχήν ὑπέρ τῶν ἡμετέρων ψυχῶν καί τήν σάρκα τήν ἑαυτοῦ ἀντί τῶν ἡμετέρων σαρκῶν): ἵνα ὑπέρ σου μοι διακονῇ, ὑπέρ τῶν νεκρῶν βαπτίζεσθαι (see βαπτίζω, at the end), L text Tr text WH text); in expressions concerning the death of Christ: εἷς ὑπέρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν (for the inference is drawn ἄρα οἱ πάντες ἀπέθανον, i. e. all are reckoned as dead), ὑπέρ, see Meyer and Van Hengel on Philemon , the passages cited; Wieseler on Trench, Synonyms, § lxxxii.; Winer's Grammar, 383 (358) note.) Since anything, whether of an active or passive character which is undertaken on behalf of a person or thing, is undertaken 'on account of' that person or thing, ὑπέρ is used<br /><b class="num">4.</b> of the impelling or moving cause; on account of, for the sake of, any person or thing: ὑπέρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζοης, to procure (true) life for mankind, to do or suffer anything ὑπέρ τοῦ ὀνόματος Θεοῦ, Ἰησοῦ, τοῦ κυρίου: πάσχειν ὑπέρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὑπέρ τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ, στενοχωριαι ὑπέρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὑπέρ etc. here with εὐδοκῶ); ἀποθνῄσκειν ὑπέρ Θεοῦ, Ignatius ad Romans 4 [ET]. examples with a genitive of the thing are, ὑπέρ τῆς εὐδοκίας, to satisfy (his) good-pleasure, δοξάζειν, εὐχαριστεῖν ὑπέρ τίνος (genitive of the thing), ὑπέρ πάντων, for all favors, ἐυηξαρίστειν ὑπέρ with a genitive of the person, L T Tr WH περί (see 6 below)); ἀγῶνα ἔχειν ὑπέρ with a genitive of the person L T Tr WH (see 6 below); ὑπέρ (τῶν) ἁμαρτιῶν (or ἀγνοημάτων), to offer sacrifices, L T Tr WH περί (see 6 below)); ἀποθανεῖν, of Christ, ἑαυτόν δοῦναι, R WH text (see 6 below).<br /><b class="num">5.</b> Like the Latin super (cf. Klotz, HWB, d. Latin Spr. ii, p. 1497b; (Harpers' Latin Dict. under the word, II. B. 2b.)), it frequently refers to the object under consideration, concerning, of, as respects, with regard to (cf. Buttmann, § 147,21); examples from secular authors are given in Winer's Grammar, 383 (358f)); so after καυχᾶσθαι, καύχημα, καύχησις (R. V. on behalf of): L T Tr WH εγ((or εν() καυχᾶσθαι); φυσιουσθαι, φυσιόω, 2at the end)); ἐλπίς, ἀγνοεῖν, 8 (here L T Tr WH marginal reading περί (see 6 below)); φρονεῖν, ἐρωτᾶν, κράζειν, to proclaim concerning, παρακαλεῖν, G L T Tr WH (see 6 below)); after εἰπεῖν, L T Tr WH (see 6 below); (so after verbs of saying, writing, etc., εἴτε ὑπέρ Τίτου, whether inquiry be made about Titus , ὑπέρ τούτου, concerning this, ὑπέρ and περί are confounded (cf. Winer s Grammar, 383 (358) note; § 50,3; Buttmann, § 147,21; Kühner, § 435, I:2e.; Meisterhans, § 49,12; also Wieseler or Ellicott on Galatians , as below; Meyer on περί, the passage cited δ.)); this occurs in the following passages: ὑπέρ ἐκ περισσοῦ or ὑπέρ ἐκπερισσοῦ, see ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ.) II. with the accusative (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 49, e.); over, beyond, away over; more than;<br /><b class="num">1.</b> properly, of the place 'over' or 'beyond' which, as in the Greek writings from Homer down; not thus used in the N. T., where it is always<br /><b class="num">2.</b> metaphorically, of the measure or degree exceeded (cf. Buttmann, § 147,21);<br /><b class="num">a.</b> universally: εἶναι ὑπέρ τινα, to be above i. e. superior to one, τό ὄνομα τό ὑπέρ πᾶν ὄνομα namely, ὄν, the name superior to every (other) name, κεφαλήν ὑπέρ πάντα namely, οὖσαν, the supreme head or lord (A. V. head over all things), ὑπέρ δοῦλον ὄντα, more than a servant, more than (R. V. beyond), ὑπέρ πάντα, above (i. e. more and greater than) all, ὑπέρ τήν λαμπρότητα τοῦ ἡλίου, above (i. e. surpassing) the brightness of the sun, more (to a greater degree) than, φιλεῖν τινα ὑπέρ τινα, beyond, ὑπέρ ὁ δύνασθε, beyond what ye are able, beyond your strength, Winer's Grammar, 590 (549)); also ὑπέρ δύναμιν, κατά δύναμιν (as in Homer, Iliad 3,59 κατ' Αισαν, ὀυδ' ὑπέρ Αισαν, cf. 6,487; 17,321. 327), L T Tr WH παρά δύναμιν).<br /><b class="num">b.</b> with words implying comparison: προκόπτειν, ή῾ττασθαι, Winer's Grammar, § 49e.), (πλεονάζω, 1Esdr. 8:72; περισσεύω, ὑπερβάλω, than, Winer s Grammar, § 35,2; (Buttmann, § 147,21).<br /><b class="num">c.</b> ὑπέρ is used adverbially; as, ὑπέρ ἐγώ (L ὑπερεγώ (cf. Winer s Grammar, 46 (45)), WH ὑπέρ ἐγώ (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 14,2Note)), much more (or in a much greater degree) I, Kypke at the passage; Winer's Grammar, 423 (394). (For ὑπέρ λίαν see ὑπερλίαν.) III. In Composition ὑπέρ denotes<br /><b class="num">1.</b> over, above, beyond: ὑπεράνω, ὑπερέκεινα, ὑπερεκτείνω.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> excess of measure, more than: ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ, ὑπερνικάω.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> aid, for; in defense of: ὑπερεντυγχάνω. Cf. Viger. edition Hermann, p. 668; Fritzsche on Romans , vol. i., p. 351; (Ellicott on Ephesians 3:20). | |||
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Revision as of 16:44, 28 August 2017
English (LSJ)
[ῠ], Ep. also ὑπείρ, used by Hom. (metri gr.) only in the phrase ὑπεὶρ ἅλα (v. ὑπείρ); Arc. ὁπέρ (q. v.): in Aeol. replaced by περί (v.
A περί A. V): Prep. governing gen. and acc., in Arc. also dat. (Cf. Skt. upaári 'above', Goth. ufar, OE. ofer 'over':—from it are formed the Comp.and Sup. ὑπέρτερος, -τατος, also Adv. ὕπερθεν, and Nouns ὑπέρα, ὕπερος.) A WITH GENIT., I of Place, over; 1 in a state of rest, over, above, freq. in Hom., βάλε . . στέρνον ὑ. μαζοῖο Il.4.528; χιτωνίσκους ἐνεδεδύκεσαν ὑ. γονάτων not reaching to the knees, X.An.5.4.13; ἕστηκε . . ὅσον τ' ὄργυι' ὑ. αἴης Il.23.327; εἴθ' ὑ. γῆς, εἴτ' ἐπὶ γῆς, εἴθ' ὑπὸ γῆς Thphr.Ign.1; στῆ δ' ἄρ' ὑ. κεφαλῆς stood over his head as he lay asleep, Il.2.20, Od.4.803, al.; πασάων ὕ. ἥ γε κάρη ἔχει 6.107; ὑ. πόλιος, ὅθι Ἕρμαιος λόφος ἐστίν, ἦα 16.471; ὑ. κεφαλῆς οἱ ἐγίνετο διεξελαύνοντι over head, i. e. over the gateway, Hdt.1.187; ὑ. τῆς ὀροφῆς IG12.373.246; ὑ. τοῦ ἀγάλματος ib.264; ὄρος τὸ ὑ. Τεγέης Hdt.6.105; τὰ ὑ. κεφαλῆς the higher ground, X.Ages.2.20; Ἰονίας ὑ. ἁλὸς οἰκέων on the Ionian sea, i.e. on its shores, Pi.N.7.65; λιμὴν καὶ πόλις ὑ. αὐτοῦ κεῖται Th.1.46, cf. 6.4, D.C.40.14: of relative geographical position, above, farther inland, οἰκέοντες ὑ. Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ μεσόγαιαν Hdt.1.175; ἐξ Αἰθιοπίας τῆς ὑ. Αἰγύπτου Th.2.48; τοῖς ὑ. Χερρονήσου Θρᾳξίν X.An.2.6.2; ὑ. Μασσαλίας Plb.2.14.8, cf. 5.73.3, al.: in Hellenistic Gr. the acc. is commoner in this sense, v. infr. B. I. b of ships at sea, off a place, Th.1.112, 8.95; ναυμαχίην τὴν ὑ. Μιλήτου γενομένην Hdt.6.25; ὑ. τούτου (sc. Φαλήρου) ἀνακωχεύσαντες τὰς νέας ib.116. 2 in a state of motion, over, across, κῦμα νηὸς ὑ. τοίχων καταβήσεται Il.15.382; τὸν δ' ὑ. οὐδοῦ βάντα προσηύδα Od.17.575; πηδῶντος . . τάφρων ὕ. S.Aj.1279; ὑ. θαλάσσης καὶ χθονὸς ποτωμένοις A.Ag.576; ἐκκυβιστᾶν ὑ. [τῶν ξιφῶν] X.Smp.2.11. 3 over, beyond, ἐν Κρήτῃ εὐρείῃ τηλοῦ ὑ. πόντου Od.13.257. II metaph., in defence of, on behalf of, τεῖχος ἐτειχίσσαντο νεῶν ὕ. Il.7.449; ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι ὑ. Δαναῶν 1.444: generally, for the prosperity or safety of, τὰ ἱερὰ ὑ. τῆς Εὐβοίας θῦσαι IG12.39.65, cf. 45.5; ἱερὰ θυόμενα ὑ. τῆς πόλεως X.Mem.2.2.13; ἐπιτελεῖν τὰς θυσίας ὑ. τε ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν τέκνων UPZ14.27 (ii B.C.); in dedications (always with reference to living persons), Σμικύθη μ' ἀνέθηκεν . . εὐξαμένη . . ὑ. παίδων καὶ ἑαυτῆς IG12.524, cf. 22.4403, 42(1).569 (Epid.); Ἀρτέμιδι Σωτείρᾳ ὑ. βασιλέως Πτολεμαίου Ἐπικράτης Ἀθηναῖος OGI18 (Egypt, iii B. C.), cf. 365 (Amasia, ii B. C.), al.; ὑ. τῆς εἰς αἰῶνα διαμονῆς Ἀντωνείνου Καίσαρος ib.702.3 (Egypt, ii A.D.); ὑ. τῆς τύχης . . Ἀντωνείνου Σεβαστοῦ Εὐσεβοῦς ib.703.2 (Ptolemais, ii A.D.); ὑ. σωτηρίας τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν . . Ἀντωνείνου ib.706 (Egypt, ii/iii A. D.); εὑδόντων ὕ. φρούρημα A.Eu.705; ὑ. τινὸς κινδυνεύειν, μάχεσθαι, βοηθεῖν, Th.2.20, Pl.Lg.642c, X.An.3.5.6; ἧς ἔθνῃσχ' ὕ. S.Tr.708; ὑ. γῆς τῆς Ἀθηναίων ναυμαχέειν Hdt.8.70; ὑ. τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀμῦναι Pl.Lg.692d; ἀμυνῶ ὑ. ἱερῶν καὶ ὁσίων Jusj. ap. Poll.8.105; νῦν ὑ. πάντων ἀγών A.Pers. 405; ὑ. δόξης τελευτήσαντες D.23.210, cf. Isoc.6.93; πάνθ' ὑ. ὑμῶν φανήσεται πράξας Χαβρίας, καὶ τὴν τελευτὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ βίου πεποιημένος οὐχ ὑ. ἄλλου τινός in your interests, D.20.80, cf. 83; ὑ. τῆς Ἀσίας στρατηγήσας Isoc.4.154; of things sought, ὑ. τοῦ νεκροῦ ὠθισμὸς ἐγένετο πολύς Hdt.7.225; ἀφίκετο ὑ. γενεᾶς, ὑ. φωνᾶς, ὑ. τοῦ θησαυροῦ, IG42 (1).121.10,42, 123.11 (Epid., iv B.C.); γίνωσκέ με πεπορεῦσθαι εἰς Ἡρακλέους πόλιν ὑ. τῆς οἰκίας UPZ68.3 (ii B. C.); sts. even of the thing to be averted, ἱκέσιον λόχον δουλοσύνας ὕ. about slavery, A.Th.111 (lyr.), cf. Aeschin.3.10. 2 for, instead of, in the name of, ὑ. ἑαυτοῦ τι προϊδεῖν on his own behalf, Th.1.141; ὑ. τινὸς ἀποκρίνεσθαι Pl.R.590a; προλέγειν X.An.7.7.3; ἐπεὶ οὖν σὺ σιωπᾷς, ἐγὼ λέξω καὶ ὑ. σοῦ καὶ ὑ. ἡμῶν Id.Cyr.3.3.14, cf. S.El.554; ὑ. Ζήνωνος πράσσων as Zeno's representative, PSI4.389.8 (iii B. C.); ἔγραψεν ὑ. αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ φάσκειν αὐτοὺς μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα PGrenf.2.17.9 (ii B. C.); θεάσασθε ὃν τρόπον ὑμεῖς ἐστρατηγηκότες πάντ' ἔσεσθ' ὑ. Φιλίππου as though by commission from P., D.3.6; so in other dialects c. acc., v. infr. B. v. 3 in adjurations, with verbs of entreaty, entreat one as representative of another, τῶν ὕ. ἐνθάδ' ἐγὼ γουνάζομαι οὐ παρεόντων, i. e. I entreat you as they would if they were here, Il.15.665, cf. 660; then more metaph., by, λίσσομ' ὑ. ψυχῆς (as you value your life) καὶ γούνων σῶν τε τοκήων 22.338, cf. 24.466; λίσσομ' ὑ. θυέων καὶ δαίμονος . . σῆς τ' αὐτοῦ κεφαλῆς καὶ ἑταίρων Od.15.261; λίσσου' ὑ. μακάρων σέο τ' αὐτῆς ἠδὲ τοκήων A.R.3.701; ὑ. ξενίου λίσσεται ὔμμε Διός in the name of Zeus, AP7.499.2 (Theaet.); so Aeol. περ (v. περί A. V). 4 of the cause or motive, for, because of, by reason of, ἀλγέων ὕ. E.Supp.1125 (lyr.); ὑ. παθέων Id.Hipp.159 (lyr.); ἔριδος ὕ. Id.Andr.490 (lyr.); of punishment or reward, for, on account of, τοῖσιν ἄγουσιν κλαύμαθ' ὑπάρξει βραδυτῆτος ὕ. S.Ant.932 (anap.), cf. Isoc.11.39, Lys.3.43, 4.20, 13.41,42, X.An.1.3.4; ἀτῆθθαι ὑ. τῶ πατρὸς τὰ πατρώϊα the father's property shall pay the fine for the father, Leg.Gort.11.42; ἀποτεισάτω ὁ δεσπότης ὑ. τοῦ δούλου PHal. 1.198 (iii B. C.); τοῦτον (viz. a runaway slave) ὃς ἂν ἀναγάγῃ, λήψεται ὅσα καὶ ὑ. τοῦ προγεγραμμένου UPZ121.24 (ii B. C.); τὸ κατεσκευασμένον ὑ. τῆς ἡμετέρας σωτηρίας Ἰσιδεῖον as a thank-offering for . ., Sammelb.3926.12 (i B. C.); ὑ. ὧν ἐτιμήσαμεν αὐτοὺς ταῖς μεγίσταις τιμαῖς Isoc.9.57; ἀποδοῦναι χάριν ὑ. ὧν . . ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους εὐεργέτησεν Id.4.56; of payment, ἡμιωβέλιον ὑ. ἑκάστου IG12.140.2; μέτρησον Ποσειδωνίῳ ὑ. Ἡρακλείδου on account of H., i.e. debiting H.'s account, PFay.16 (i B. C.); μετρήσω ὑ. σοῦ εἰς τὸ δημόσιον for the credit of your account, PAmh.2.88.22 (ii A. D.); ὑ. λαογραφίας Ostr.Bodl. iii 80 (i A. D.); ὑ. λόγου ἀννώνης Ostr.1479 (iii A. D.); ὑ. ὧν ἔμαθεν καταβαλεῖν μισθόν Jul.Or.3.126a, cf. Ael.NA3.39. 5 ὑ. τοῦ μή c. inf., for the purpose of preventing or avoiding, ὑ. τοῦ μηδένα . . βιαίῳ θανάτῳ ἀποθνῄσκειν X.Hier.4.3; ὑ. τοῦ μὴ ποιεῖν τὸ προσταττόμενον Isoc.7.64, cf. 12.80; τὴν πόλιν ἐκλιπεῖν ὑπέμειναν . . ὑ. τοῦ μὴ τὸ κελευόμενον ποιῆσαι D.18.204: also without μή, for the sake of, ὑ. τοῦτοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπιτάττειν ἐθέλειν ἀποθνῄσκειν to be ready to die for the sake of... Isoc.6.94; μὴ τοσαύτην ποιεῖσθαι σπουδὴν ὑ. τοῦ βλάψαι τοὺς πολεμίους ἡλίκην ὑ. τοῦ μηδὲν αὐτοὺς παθεῖν δεινόν Plb.3.94.9, cf. 5.32.1, 5.86.8: this constr. is found also in signf. A. 111. III concerning, ὑ. σέθεν αῐσχε' ἀκούω Il.6.524; κᾶρυξ ἀνέειπέ νιν ἀγγέλλων Ἱέρωνος ὑ. καλλινίκου ἅρμασι Pi.P.1.32; Σκύθαι μὲν ὧδε ὑ. σφέων τε αὐτῶν καὶ τῆς χώρης τῆς κατύπερθε λέγουσι Hdt.4.8; τὰ λεγόμενα ὑ. ἑκάστων v.l. in Id.2.123; τοὺς ὑ. τοῦ αἰῶνος φόβους Epicur.Sent.20; διαλεχθῆναι, ἀγορεύειν ὑ. τινός, Pl.Ap.39e, Lg.776e; περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων τοσαῦτά μοι εἰρήσθω, ὑ. ὧν δέ μοι προσήκει λέγειν . . Lys.24.4, cf. 21, 16.20; ὑ. οὗ . . ὁμολογῶ . . διαφέρεσθαι τούτοις D.18.31; βουλευομένων ὑ. τοῦ ποίαν τινὰ [εἰρήνην ποιητέον] Id.19.94; ἔγραψάς μοι ὑ. τῶν καμίνων PCair.Zen. 273.2 (iii B. C.); ἐνεκάλουν ὑ. σύκων PSI6.554.24 (iii B. C.); ἐπεδώκαμέν σοι ὑπόμνημα ὑ. τοῦ μὴ εἰληφέναι τὴν . . ὄλυραν UPZ46.4 (ii B. C.); συλλαλήσαντες ὑ. τοῦ τὴν πόλιν ἐνδοῦναι τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις Plb.1.43.1; θροῦς ὑ. τοῦ τὸν Λυκοῦργον ἐκπέμπειν talk of sending L., Id.5.18.5, cf. 6; γνώμην ὑ. τῆς κοινῆς [δόξης] Isoc.6.93; ὑ. τῶν τούτου λῃτουργιῶν . . ὡδὶ γιγνώσκω D.21.152; ἐκ τῶν ἐμφανῶν ὑ. τῶν ἀφανῶν πιστεύειν Jul.Or. 4.138b; with vbs. expressing emotion, ποίας . . γυναικὸς ἐκφοβεῖσθ' ὕ.; S.OT989; εἰ τὰ παρὰ σοὶ καλῶς ἔχει, θάρρει ὑ. ἐκείνων X.Cyr.7.1.17; οὐδεὶς ὑ. μου δαιμόνων μηνίεται κατασφαγείσης A.Eu.101 (approaching sense 11.1). B WITH ACCUS., I of Place in reference to motion, over, beyond, freq. in Hom., e.g. ὑ. ὦμον ἤλυθ' ἀκωκή Il.5.16, cf. 851; ἀλάλησθε . . ὑπεἰρ ἅλα Od.3.73, cf. 7.135, al., A.Eu.250, S.Ant.1145 (lyr.); ὑ. τὸν δρύφακτον ὑπερτιθέμενοι Plb.1.22.10: without such reference, ὑ. Ἡρακλείας στήλας ἔξω κατοικοῦσι Pl.Criti.108e, cf. Jul.Or.1.6d; τὰς κεφαλὰς ὑ. τὸ ὑγρὸν ὑπερίσχον Plb.3.84.9; τῶν ὑ. τὸ Σαρδῷον πέλαγος τόπων Id.2.14.6; ὑ. Μασσαλίαν Id.2.16.1; λόφον κείμενον ὑ. τὴν ὁδόν Id.2.27.5, cf. 3.47.2, al.; τῶν συριῶν ὑ. τὴν σκηνὴν οὐσῶν PHib. 1.38.7 (iii B. C.); οὐλὴ . . ὑ. ὀφρὺν δεξιάν PCair.Zen.76.13 (iii B. C.); τὸ ὑ. τὸν ἔσχατον . . σπόνδυλον Sor.1.102; ὑ. τὸν οὐρανόν Jul.Or. 4.135a. II of Measure, above, exceeding, beyond, ὑ. τὸν ἀλαθῆ λόγον Pi.O.1.28; ὑ. τὸ βέλτιστον A.Ag.378 (lyr.); ὑ. ἐλπίδα S.Ant.366 (lyr.); ὑ. δύναμιν Th.6.16; μεγέθει ὑ. τοὺς ἐν τῇ νηΐ Pl.R. 488b; ὑ. ἄνθρωπον εἶναι Id.Lg.839d, Luc.Vit.Auct.2; ὑ. ἡμᾶς beyond our powers, Pl.Prm.128b; ὑ. τὴν ἀξίαν E.HF146; ὑ. τὴν οὐσίαν Pl. R.372b; ὑ. τὸ ὕδωρ (cf. ὕδωρ 1.4) Luc.Pr.Im.29. b after Comp., than, δυνατώτεροι ὑ. . . LXX Jd.18.26: so after Posit., τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὑ. αὐτόν better than he, ib.3 Ki.2.32. 2 of transgression, in violation of, ὑ. αἶσαν, opp. κατ' αἶσαν, Il.3.59, al.; ὑ. Διὸς αἶσαν 17.321; ὑ. μοῖραν 20.336; ὑ. μόρον (or ὑπέρμορον) ib.30; ὑ. θεόν 17.327; ὑ. ὅρκια 3.299, al. III of Number, above, upwards of, τὰ ὑ. δέκα μνᾶς [ξυμβόλαια] IG12.41.23, cf. 22.48, al.; ὑ. τεσσεράκοντα ἄνδρας Hdt.5.64; ὑ. τετταράκοντα (sc. ἔτη) X.HG5.4.13; ὑ. τὰ στρατεύσιμα ἔτη γεγονόσι Id.Cyr.1.2.4; ὑ. ἥμισυ more than half, ib.3.3.47. IV of Time, beyond, i.e. before, earlier than, ὁ ὑ. τὰ Μηδικὰ πόλεμος Th.1.41; ὑ. τὴν φθοράν Pl.Ti.23c. V in some dialects, in sense A. 11.1,2, on behalf of, ὑ. τὰν πόλιν SIG437 (Delph., iii B. C.), al., cf. IG42(1).109iv113 (Epid., iii B. C.), 5(2).438-40,442 (Megalop., ii B. C.), 42(1).380,665 (Epid., i A. D.), IPE4.71.10 (Cherson., ii A. D.); in sense A. 111, concerning, ἐπικράνθη μοι ὑ. ὑμᾶς LXX Ru.1.13. C WITH DAT., only Arc., μαχόμενοι ὑ. τᾷ τᾶς πόλιος ἐλευθερίᾳ fighting for . ., IG5(2).16 (Tegea, iii B. C.). D POSITION: ὑπέρ may follow its Subst., but then by anastrophe becomes ὕπερ, Il.5.339, Od.19.450, al., S.OT1444, etc. E AS ADV., over-much, above measure, ὑπὲρ μὲν ἄγαν E.Med. 627 (lyr.); also written ὑπεράγαν, Str.3.2.9, Ael.NA3.38, etc.; cf. ὑπέρφευ: as a predicate, διάκονοι Χριστοῦ εἰσι; ὑπὲρ ἐγώ I am more [than they], 2 Ep.Cor.11.23. F IN COMPOS. ὑπέρ signifies over, above, in all relations, e. g., 1 of Place, over, beyond, as in ὑπεράνω, ὑπέργειος, ὑπερβαίνω, ὑπερπόντιος. 2 of doing a thing for or in defence of, as in ὑπερμαχέω, ὑπερασπίζω, ὑπεραλγέω. 3 above measure, as in ὑπερήφανος, ὑπερφίαλος.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1188] ep. auch ὑπείρ, wenn die letzte Sylbe vor einem Vocal lang sein soll, bei Hom. nur in der einen Vrbdg ὑπεὶρ ἁλός; – über.
French (Bailly abrégé)
adv. et prép.
A. adv. au-dessus : ὑπὲρ μὲν ἄγαν EUR beaucoup trop;
B. prép. avec le gén. et l’acc. au-dessus de, sur;
• GÉN. : I. au-dessus de :
1 sur sans mouv. : ἕστηκε ξύλον αὖον ὑπὲρ αἴης au-dessus du sol, càd émergeant du sol se dresse une tige sèche ; ὑπὲρ γῆς c. ἐπὶ γῆς sur la terre ; Σικελοὶ οἱ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἄκρων THC ceux des Sicules qui occupaient les hauteurs ; πασάων δ’ ὕπερ ἥγε κάρη ἔχει OD elle dépasse toutes les autres de la tête ; ὑπὲρ πόλιος ἦα κιών OD j’étais dans ma marche sur les hauteurs qui dominent la ville ; avec mouv. au-dessus de, par-dessus : κῦμα νηὸς ὑπὲρ τοιχῶν καταβήσεται IL le flot se précipite par-dessus les parois du vaisseau ; τοξεύειν ὑπὲρ τῶν πρόσθεν XÉN lancer des flèches par-dessus les rangs de devant;
2 par-dessus, de l’autre côté, du delà de : τηλοῦ ὑπὲρ πόντου OD loin au delà de la mer (cf. infra ὑπέρ avec l’acc.);
3 en gén. au delà, plus loin (dans l’intérieur d’un pays) : Αἰθιοπία ἡ ὑπὲρ Αἱγύπτου THC l’Éthiopie au-dessus (ou au delà) de l’Égypte;
II. pour :
1 pour la défense de (sens qui se rattache au préc., l’idée de défense impliquant celle de combattants qui couvrent de leurs bras ou de leur armure un compagnon d’armes, ou de retranchements une ville assiégée ; cf. une relation d’idées semblable pour ἀμφί, περί, πρό) : τεῖχος τειχίσασθαι νεῶν ὕπερ IL ou ποιήσασθαι IL établir un retranchement pour protéger le camp, pour le camp ; ἀντιστῆναι ὑπὲρ γῆς SOPH défendre le pays ; μάχεσθαι ὑπέρ τινος PLAT combattre pour qqn ou qch ; p. anal. λέγειν ὑπέρ τινος XÉN parler en faveur de qqn, pour qqn (v. ci-dessous II.2 un autre sens) ; θύειν ὑπέρ τινος XÉN offrir un sacrifice en faveur de qqn;
2 à la place de, au nom de : λέγειν ὑπέρ τινος XÉN parler pour qqn, au nom de qqn ; προλέγειν ὑπέρ τινος XÉN annoncer au nom de qqn ; chez les écriv. réc. c. ἀντί;
3 à cause de : εὐδαιμονίζειν τινὰ ὑπέρ τι XÉN estimer qqn heureux à cause de qch ; φοβεῖσθαι ou δεδιέναι ὑπέρ τινος SOPH être inquiet, soucieux pour qqn ou qch ; θαρρεῖν ὑπέρ τινος XÉN être sans inquiétude pour qqn ; ἀγανακτεῖν ὑπέρ τινος PLAT être hors de soi à cause de qqn ; στένειν ὑπέρ τινος ESCHL gémir de qch ; δίκην δοῦναι ὑπέρ τινος ATT être puni pour qch ; δίκην λαβεῖν ὑπέρ τινος ATT punir pour qch ; νῦν ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀγών ESCHL maintenant il s’agit d’un combat pour le tout ; φιλονεικεῖν ὑπέρ τινος ISOCR aimer à se quereller pour qch ; ἀμφισβητεῖν ὑπέρ τινος ISOCR être en dissentiment pour qch;
4 au sujet de : ὅθ’ ὑπὲρ σέθεν αἴσχε’ ἀκούω IL lorsque j’entends des diffamations sur ton compte ; διαλέγεσθαι ὑπέρ τινος PLAT discourir de qch ; βουλεύεσθαι ὑπέρ τινος ATT délibérer sur qch;
III. au delà de, par-dessus, plus loin que, plus que, mieux que;
• ACC. : I. au delà de avec mouv. : ὑπὲρ ὦμον ἤλυθ’ ἀκωκὴ ἔγχεος IL la pointe de la javeline arriva au-dessus de l’épaule (sans l’atteindre) ; ὑπὲρ οὐδὸν ἐβήσετο δώματος εἴσω OD il franchit le seuil et entra dans la maison ; ἀποπλαγχθέντες ὑπὲρ μέγα λαῖτμα θαλάσσης OD ballottés au delà du grand gouffre de la mer ; ὑπὲρ πόντον ἐλθεῖν ESCHL aller au delà de la mer, traverser la mer ; avec idée de temps ὑπὲρ τὸν Τιθωνὸν ζῆν LUC vivre plus longtemps que Tithônos ; ὁ ὑπὲρ τὰ Μηδικὰ πόλεμος THC la guerre d’avant les guerres Médiques ; ὑπὲρ τὰ στρατεύσιμα ἔτη γεγονώς XÉN au delà de l’âge où l’on est soumis au service militaire;
II. au-dessus de : πρυμνὸν ὕπερ θέναρος IL au-dessus du poignet ; οὔθ’ ὕπὲρ γῆν οὔθ’ ὑπὸ γῆν PLUT ni sur terre, ni sous terre ; εἴ τι ὑπὲρ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ φύσιν ἀκούει THC s’il entend dire qch qui dépasse sa portée, ce qu’il est capable de faire lui-même ; ὑπὲρ δύναμιν THC au-dessus des forces ; ὑπὲρ ἐλπίδα SOPH au delà de l’attente ; ὑπὲρ ἄνθρωπον φρονεῖν XÉN avoir des sentiments qui dépassent la nature humaine, càd trop ambitieux ; ὑπὲρ αἶσαν IL au-dessus ou au delà de ce qui convient ; ὑπὲρ μοῖραν IL au-dessus du sort, càd contre la décision du sort ; ὑπὲρ ὅρκια IL contre le serment ; ὑπὲρ θεόν contre la volonté de la divinité;
REM. I. ὑπὲρ se place qqf en poésie après son rég. ; il s’accentue alors ὕπερ;
II. En composition, ὑπέρ marque :
1 l’idée de « au-dessus », v. ὑπεραίρω, ὑπεράνω;
2 l’idée de « au delà », v. ὑπερβαίνω, ὑπερβάλλω;
3 l’idée de « protection » ; v. ὑπερμαχέω, ὑπεραπολογέομαι;
4 l’idée de « au delà de la mesure », v. ὑπεράγαν, ὑπέραισχρος.
Étymologie: cf. lat. super.
English (Autenrieth)
(cf. super): over, prep. w. gen. and acc., accented ὕπερ when it follows its case.—(1) w. gen., local, over, above, beyond, across; ὑπὲρ οὐδοῦ βῆναι, Od. 17.575; ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς στῆναί τινι, Il. 2.20; τηλοῦ ὑπὲρ πόντου, Od. 13.257. Metaph., for, in defence of, Il. 1.444, Il. 7.449; w. verbs of entreaty, by, for the sake of (per), γουνάζεσθαι ὑπὲρ τοκέων, ὑπὲρ ψῦχῆς καὶ γούνων, Ο , Od. 15.261; then like περί, concerning (de), Il. 6.524.—(2) w. acc., local, over, beyond, ἀλαλῆσθαι ὑπεὶρ ἅλα, Od. 3.74; ‘along the surface’ of the hand, Il. 5.339. Metaph., beyond, transcending, against, ὑπὲρ αἶσαν, μοῖραν, θεόν, Ρ 32, Od. 1.34.
English (Slater)
ῠπέρ
1 prep., (anastrophe (P. 4.26), (N. 3.21), (N. 7.42), (I. 6.3), fr. 292, Δ. 4. a. 4.)
a c. acc.,
I above, over, across ἀβάπτιστος εἶμι φελλὸς ὣς ὑπὲρ ἕρκος ἅλμας (P. 2.80) πανδείματοι μὲν ὑπὲρ πόντιον Ἕλλας πόρον ἱερόν (sc. ἔφυγον simm.) fr. 189.
II beyond, exceeding βροτῶν φάτις ὑπὲρ τὸν ἀλαθῆ λόγον δεδαιδαλμένοι ψεύδεσι ποικίλοις ἐξαπατῶντι μῦθοι (O. 1.28)
&nnbsp;b c. gen.,
I over, across ὑπὲρ πολιᾶς ἁλὸς πέμπεται (P. 2.68) “φέρομεν νώτων ὕπερ γαίας ἐρήμων ἐννάλιον δόρυ” (P. 4.26) “καὶ μέλλεις ὑπὲρ πόντου Διὸς ἔξοχον ποτὶ κᾶπον ἐνεῖκαι” (P. 9.52) ἐγὼ μὲν ὑπὲρ χθονὸς ὑπέρ τ' ὠκεανοῦ (Pae. 8.14) (ἡ δὲ διάνοια πέτεται) τᾶς τε γᾶς ὑπένερθε οὐρανοῦ θ' ὕπερ fr. 292.
II above ἐπειδὴ τὸν ὑπὲρ κεφαλᾶς γε Ταντάλου λίθον παρά τις ἔτρεψεν ἄμμι θεός (I. 8.9) χρύσεαι δ ἓξ ὑπὲρ αἰετοῦ ἄειδον Κηληδόνες (Pae. 8.70)
g beyond of distance ταί θ' ὑπὲρ Κύμας ἁλιερκέες ὄχθαι (i. e. Klippen vor Kyme, Fränkel: Pithecusae) (P. 1.18) ἀβάταν ἅλα κιόνων ὕπερ Ἡρακλέος περᾶν εὐμαρές (N. 3.21) ἐὼν δ' ἐγγὺς Ἀχαιὸς οὐ μέμψεταί μ ἀνὴρ Ἰονίας ὑπὲρ ἁλὸς οἰκέων (Alii cum sch. Epirotas significari credunt, opinantes mare Adriaticum dici superius, Ionium inferius, Epirum autem adiacere Adriatico mari, h. e. supra Ionium esse, Dissen) (N. 7.65) ὑπὲ]ρ Αὐσονία[ς ἁλὸς (of the Epizephyrian Locrians) fr. 140b. 6.
IV of superiority, beyond μᾶκος δὲ Νικεὺς ἔδικε πέτρῳ χέρα κυκλώσαις ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων (O. 10.72) ὑπὲρ πολλῶν τε τιμαλφεῖν λόγοις νίκαν (N. 9.54) μακρὰ δισκήσαις ἀκοντίσσαιμι τοσοῦθ, ὅσον ὀργὰν λτ;γτ;εινοκράτης ὑπὲρ ἀνθρώπων γλυκεῖαν ἔσχεν (I. 2.36) τί ἔλπεαι σοφίαν ἔμμεν, ἃν ὀλίγον τοι ἀνὴρ ὑπὲρ ἀνδρὸς ἴσχει fr. 61. 2.
V on behalf of κάρυξ ἀνέειπέ νιν ἀγγέλλων Ἱέρωνος ὑπὲρ καλλινίκου ἅρμασι (P. 1.32) ἱκέτας Αἰακοῦ σεμνῶν γονάτων πόλιός θ' ὑπὲρ φίλας ἀστῶν θ ὑπὲρ τῶνδ ἅπτομαι (N. 8.13) —4. κρατῆρα Μοισαίων μελέων κίρναμεν Λάμπωνος εὐαέθλου γενεᾶς ὕπερ (I. 6.3) θύεται γὰρ ἀγλαᾶς ὑπὲρ Πανελλάδος (Pae. 6.62) Ἀλαλά ᾇ θύεται ἄνδρες ὑπὲρ πόλιος fr. 78. 3.
VI on account of ἵνα κρεῶν νιν ὕπερ μάχας ἔλασεν ἀντιτυχόντ' ἀνὴρ μαχαίρᾳ (N. 7.42) ἆγε σὺν Τιρυνθίοισιν πρόφρονα σύμμαχον ἐς Τροίαν Λαομεδοντιᾶν ὑπὲρ ἀμπλακιᾶν (I. 6.29)
2 adv., above πατὴρ ὕπερ / κρέμασε καρτερὸν αὐτῷ λίθον (O. 1.57) καὶ σκοπιαῖσιν [ἄκρ]αις ὀρέων ὕπερ ἔστα (sc. Ἀπόλλων: cf. (Pae. 12.11) ) fr. 51a. 3.
3 frag. ]ων ὕπερ Δ. 4. a. 4.
English (Abbott-Smith)
ὑπέρ (when following subst.—poët.—ὕπερ; so as adv., II Co 11:23), prep. c. gen., acc.
I.C. gen., primarily of place (rest or motion), over, above, across, beyond, hence, metaph.,
1.for, on behalf of: of prayer, Mt 5:44, Ac 8:24, Ro 10:1, Ja 5:16, al.; of laying down life, Jo 10:11, Ro 9:3, al.; esp. of Christ giving his life for man's redemption, Mk 14:24, Jo 10:15, Ac 21:13, Ro 5:6-8, al.; opp. to κατά, Mk 9:40, Lk 9:50, Ro 8:31.
2.Causal, for, because of, for the sake of: c. gen. pers., Ac 5:41, Ro 1:5, Phl 1:29, II Co 12:10, al.; c. gen. rei, Jo 11:4, Ro 15:8, II Co 1:6, al.
3. = ἀντί (v. M, Pr., 105), for, instead of, in the name of: I Co 15:29, II Co 5:15, 21 Ga 3:13, Col 1:7, Phm 13 (cf. Field, Notes, 225).
4.In more colourless sense, = περί (M, Pr., l.c.), for, concerning, with regard to: Ro 9:27, II Co 1:6 8:23 12:8, Phl 1:7, II Th 2:1, al.
II.C. acc., primarily of place, over, beyond, across, hence, metaph., of measure or degree in excess, above, beyond, over, more than: Mt 10:24, 37 Lk 6:40, Ac 26:13, I Co 10:13, II Co 1:8, Eph 1:22 3:20, Phm 16, al.; after comparatives = than (Jg 11:25, al.), Lk 16:8, He 4:12.
III.As adv. (v. supr. ad init.), more: ὕπερ ἐγώ, I more, II Co 11:23; in compounds, v.s. ὑπεράνω, ὑπερλίαν, ὑπερπερισσῶς.
IV.In composition: over (ὑπεραίρω), beyond (ὑπερβάλλω), more (ὐπερνικάω), on behalf of (ὐπερεντυγχάνω).
English (Strong)
a primary preposition; "over", i.e. (with the genitive case) of place, above, beyond, across, or causal, for the sake of, instead, regarding; with the accusative case superior to, more than: (+ exceeding, abundantly) above, in (on) behalf of, beyond, by, + very chiefest, concerning, exceeding (above, -ly), for, + very highly, more (than), of, over, on the part of, for sake of, in stead, than, to(-ward), very. In the comparative, it retains many of the above applications.
English (Thayer)
(cf. English up, over, etc.), Latin super, over, a preposition, which stands before either the genitive or the accusative according as it is used to express the idea of state and rest or of motion over and beyond a place. I. with the genitive; cf. Winer's Grammar, 382 f (358f).
1. properly, of place, i. e. of position, situation, extension: over, above, beyond, across. In this sense it does not occur in the N. T.; but there it always, though joined to other classes of words, has a tropical signification derived from its original meaning.
2. equivalent to Latin pro, for, i. e. for one's safety, for one's advantage or benefit (one who does a thing for another, is conceived of as standing or bending 'over' the one whom he would shield or defend (cf. Winer's Grammar, as above)): προσεύχεσθε ὑπέρ τῶν ..., T Tr marginal reading WH περί (see 6 below)); L Tr WH marginal reading (see 6 below); (L Tr marginal reading WH text), 9; εὔχομαι, R G T Tr text WH marginal reading); after δέομαι, δέησις, προσευχή, L T Tr WH περί (see 6 below)); εἶναι ὑπέρ τίνος (opposed to κατά τίνος), to be for one i. e. to be on one's side, to favor and further one's cause, τό ὑπέρ τίνος that which is for one's advantage, ἀναθάλλω and φρονέω, at the end); ἐντυγχάνω and ὑπερεντυγχάνω, R G, 27,34; λέγω, R WH text (see 6 below); μερίμνω, ἀγρύπνω, ἀγωνίζομαι ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς, πρεσβεύω, ζῆλος, ); πόνος, G L T Tr WH); σπουδή, διάκονος, ἀρχειρεα καθίστασθαι, τήν ψυχήν τιθέναι (ὑπέρ τίνος), in order to avert ruin, death, etc., from one, τό αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐκχύνειν, passive, L T Tr WH (see 6 below); WH reject the passage); ἀπολέσθαι, ἀποθνῄσκειν, L T Tr WH); T Tr WH text περί (see 6 below); L T Tr WH text); γεύεσθαι θανάτου, σταυρωθῆναι, L text Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading περί (see 6 below)); (of God giving up his Song of Solomon , παραδιδόναι τινα ἑαυτόν, διδόναι ἑαυτόν, ἀντίλυτρον, τό σῶμα αὐτοῦ διδόναι, passive, WH reject the passage), cf. τυθῆναι (θυθῆναι, see θύω, at the beginning), παθεῖν, R G WH marginal reading; 4:1 R G); ἁγιάζειν ἑαυτόν, ὑπέρ, like the Latin pro and our for, comes to signify
3. in the place of, instead of (which is more precisely expressed by ἀντί; hence, the two prepositions are interchanged by Irenaeus, adv. haer. 5,1, τῷ ἰδίῳ αἵματι λυτρωσαμένου ἡμᾶς τοῦ κυρίου καί δόντος τήν ψυχήν ὑπέρ τῶν ἡμετέρων ψυχῶν καί τήν σάρκα τήν ἑαυτοῦ ἀντί τῶν ἡμετέρων σαρκῶν): ἵνα ὑπέρ σου μοι διακονῇ, ὑπέρ τῶν νεκρῶν βαπτίζεσθαι (see βαπτίζω, at the end), L text Tr text WH text); in expressions concerning the death of Christ: εἷς ὑπέρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν (for the inference is drawn ἄρα οἱ πάντες ἀπέθανον, i. e. all are reckoned as dead), ὑπέρ, see Meyer and Van Hengel on Philemon , the passages cited; Wieseler on Trench, Synonyms, § lxxxii.; Winer's Grammar, 383 (358) note.) Since anything, whether of an active or passive character which is undertaken on behalf of a person or thing, is undertaken 'on account of' that person or thing, ὑπέρ is used
4. of the impelling or moving cause; on account of, for the sake of, any person or thing: ὑπέρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζοης, to procure (true) life for mankind, to do or suffer anything ὑπέρ τοῦ ὀνόματος Θεοῦ, Ἰησοῦ, τοῦ κυρίου: πάσχειν ὑπέρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὑπέρ τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ, στενοχωριαι ὑπέρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὑπέρ etc. here with εὐδοκῶ); ἀποθνῄσκειν ὑπέρ Θεοῦ, Ignatius ad Romans 4 [ET]. examples with a genitive of the thing are, ὑπέρ τῆς εὐδοκίας, to satisfy (his) good-pleasure, δοξάζειν, εὐχαριστεῖν ὑπέρ τίνος (genitive of the thing), ὑπέρ πάντων, for all favors, ἐυηξαρίστειν ὑπέρ with a genitive of the person, L T Tr WH περί (see 6 below)); ἀγῶνα ἔχειν ὑπέρ with a genitive of the person L T Tr WH (see 6 below); ὑπέρ (τῶν) ἁμαρτιῶν (or ἀγνοημάτων), to offer sacrifices, L T Tr WH περί (see 6 below)); ἀποθανεῖν, of Christ, ἑαυτόν δοῦναι, R WH text (see 6 below).
5. Like the Latin super (cf. Klotz, HWB, d. Latin Spr. ii, p. 1497b; (Harpers' Latin Dict. under the word, II. B. 2b.)), it frequently refers to the object under consideration, concerning, of, as respects, with regard to (cf. Buttmann, § 147,21); examples from secular authors are given in Winer's Grammar, 383 (358f)); so after καυχᾶσθαι, καύχημα, καύχησις (R. V. on behalf of): L T Tr WH εγ((or εν() καυχᾶσθαι); φυσιουσθαι, φυσιόω, 2at the end)); ἐλπίς, ἀγνοεῖν, 8 (here L T Tr WH marginal reading περί (see 6 below)); φρονεῖν, ἐρωτᾶν, κράζειν, to proclaim concerning, παρακαλεῖν, G L T Tr WH (see 6 below)); after εἰπεῖν, L T Tr WH (see 6 below); (so after verbs of saying, writing, etc., εἴτε ὑπέρ Τίτου, whether inquiry be made about Titus , ὑπέρ τούτου, concerning this, ὑπέρ and περί are confounded (cf. Winer s Grammar, 383 (358) note; § 50,3; Buttmann, § 147,21; Kühner, § 435, I:2e.; Meisterhans, § 49,12; also Wieseler or Ellicott on Galatians , as below; Meyer on περί, the passage cited δ.)); this occurs in the following passages: ὑπέρ ἐκ περισσοῦ or ὑπέρ ἐκπερισσοῦ, see ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ.) II. with the accusative (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 49, e.); over, beyond, away over; more than;
1. properly, of the place 'over' or 'beyond' which, as in the Greek writings from Homer down; not thus used in the N. T., where it is always
2. metaphorically, of the measure or degree exceeded (cf. Buttmann, § 147,21);
a. universally: εἶναι ὑπέρ τινα, to be above i. e. superior to one, τό ὄνομα τό ὑπέρ πᾶν ὄνομα namely, ὄν, the name superior to every (other) name, κεφαλήν ὑπέρ πάντα namely, οὖσαν, the supreme head or lord (A. V. head over all things), ὑπέρ δοῦλον ὄντα, more than a servant, more than (R. V. beyond), ὑπέρ πάντα, above (i. e. more and greater than) all, ὑπέρ τήν λαμπρότητα τοῦ ἡλίου, above (i. e. surpassing) the brightness of the sun, more (to a greater degree) than, φιλεῖν τινα ὑπέρ τινα, beyond, ὑπέρ ὁ δύνασθε, beyond what ye are able, beyond your strength, Winer's Grammar, 590 (549)); also ὑπέρ δύναμιν, κατά δύναμιν (as in Homer, Iliad 3,59 κατ' Αισαν, ὀυδ' ὑπέρ Αισαν, cf. 6,487; 17,321. 327), L T Tr WH παρά δύναμιν).
b. with words implying comparison: προκόπτειν, ή῾ττασθαι, Winer's Grammar, § 49e.), (πλεονάζω, 1Esdr. 8:72; περισσεύω, ὑπερβάλω, than, Winer s Grammar, § 35,2; (Buttmann, § 147,21).
c. ὑπέρ is used adverbially; as, ὑπέρ ἐγώ (L ὑπερεγώ (cf. Winer s Grammar, 46 (45)), WH ὑπέρ ἐγώ (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 14,2Note)), much more (or in a much greater degree) I, Kypke at the passage; Winer's Grammar, 423 (394). (For ὑπέρ λίαν see ὑπερλίαν.) III. In Composition ὑπέρ denotes
1. over, above, beyond: ὑπεράνω, ὑπερέκεινα, ὑπερεκτείνω.
2. excess of measure, more than: ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ, ὑπερνικάω.
3. aid, for; in defense of: ὑπερεντυγχάνω. Cf. Viger. edition Hermann, p. 668; Fritzsche on Romans , vol. i., p. 351; (Ellicott on Ephesians 3:20).