θάνατος: Difference between revisions

|txtha=θανάτου, ὁ (θανεῖν); the Sept. for מָוֶת and מוּת, also for דֶּבֶר pestilence (Winer s Grammar, 29 note); (one of the nouns often anarthrous, cf. Winer s Grammar, § 19,1under the word; (Buttmann, § 124,8c.); Grimm, commentary on Sap., p. 59); death;<br /><b class="num">1.</b> properly, the death of the body, i. e. that separation (whether natural or violent) of the soul from the body by which the life on earth is ended: Tr marginal reading ᾅδου) (on this see ὠδίν); ζωή, χώρα καί σκιά θανάτου (צַלְמָוֶת) is equivalent to the region of thickest darkness, i. e. figuratively, a region enveloped in the darkness of ignorance and sin: θάνατος is used of the punishment of Christ, Hebrews 2:(9),14; σῴζειν τινα ἐκ θανάτου, to free from the fear of death, to enable one to undergo death fearlessly, ῤύεσθαι ἐκ θανάτου, to deliver from the danger of death, θανατοῖ, deaths (i. e. mortal perils) of various kinds, περίλυπος ἕως θανάτου, even unto death, i. e. so that I am almost dying of sorrow, λελύπημαι ἕως θανάτου, λύπη ἕως θανάτου, μέχρι θανάτου, so as not to refuse to undergo even death, ἄχρι θανάτου, ἐσφαγμένος εἰς θάνατον, that has received a deadly wound, πληγή θανάτου, a deadly wound (death-stroke, cf. Winer's Grammar, § 34,3b.), ἰδεῖν θάνατον, to experience death, γεύεσθαι θανάτου (see γεύω, 2), διώκειν τινα ἄχρι θανάτου, even to destruction, κατακρίνειν τινα θανάτῳ, to condemn one to death (ad mortem damnare, Tacitus), Tdf. εἰς θάνατον); κατακρίνω, a.); πορεύεσθαι εἰς θάνατον, to undergo death, παραδιδόναι τινα εἰς θάνατον, that he may be put to death, παρέδωκαν ... εἰς κρίμα θανάτου, ἀποκτεῖναι τινα ἐν θανάτῳ (a Hebraism (cf. Buttmann, 184 (159f))), Winer's Grammar, 29 note); αἰτία θανάτου (see αἰτία, 2), ἄξιον τί θανάτου, some crime worthy of the penalty of death, αἴτιον (which see 2b.) θάνατος); ἔνοχος θανάτου, worthy of punishment by death, θανάτῳ τελευτάτω, let him surely be put to death, Sept. (Hebrew יוּמָת מות); cf. Winer s Grammar, § 44at the end N. 3; (Buttmann, as above); θανάτου ... σταυροῦ, ποιῶ θανάτῳ, by what kind of death, 1 Corinthians 15:(26),54,56; R G; κλείς); the loss of that life which alone is worthy of the name, i. e. "the misery of soul arising from sin, which begins on earth but lasts and increases after the death of the body": Clement of Rome, 2 Corinthians 1,6 [ET] says of life before conversion to Christ, ὁ βίος ἡμῶν ὅλος ἄλλο οὐδέν ἦν εἰ μή θάνατος (cf. Philo, praem. et poenis § 12, and references in 4below)); opposed to ἡ ζωή, σωτηρία, σῴζειν ψυχήν ἐκ θανάτου, μεταβεβηκέναι ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου εἰς τήν ζωήν, μένειν ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ, θεωρεῖν θάνατον, γεύεσθαι θανάτου, ἁμαρτία and ἁμαρτάνειν πρός θάνατον (see ἁμαρτία, 2b.), לָמוּת חֵטְא — after Sept. ἁμαρτία θανατηφόρος — is a crimen capitale).<br /><b class="num">3.</b> the miserable state of the wicked dead in hell is called — now simply θάνατος, Tatian or. ad Graec. c. 13; the author of the epistle ad Diognet. c. 10,7 [ET] distinguishes between ὁ δοκῶν ἐνθάδε θάνατος, the death of the body, and ὁ ὄντως θάνατος, ὅς φυλάσσεται τοῖς κατακριθησομενοις εἰς τό πῦρ τό αἰώνιον); now ὁ δεύτερος θάνατος and ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος (as opposed to the former death, i. e. to that by which life on earth is ended), Plutarch, de fade in orbe lunae 27,6, p. 942f.); θάνατος αἰώνιος, the Epistle of Barnabas 20,1 [ET] and in ecclesiastical writings (ὁ ἀΐδιος θάνατος, Philo, post. Cain. § 11at the end; see also Wetstein on death comprises all the miseries arising from sin, as well physical death as the loss of a life consecrated to God and blessed in him on earth (Philo, alleg. legg. i. § 33 ὁ ψυχῆς θάνατος ἀρετῆς μέν φθορά ἐστι, κακίας δέ ἀνάληψις (de profug. § 21 θάνατος ψυχῆς ὁ μετά κακίας ἐστι βίος, especially §§ 10,11; qued det. pot. insid. §§ 14,15; de poster. Cain. § 21, and de praem. et poen. as in 2above)), to be followed by wretchedness in the lower world (opposed to ζωή αἰώνιος): θάνατος seems to be so used in Romans 5:12; Messner, Lehre der Apostel, p. 210ff