ἀδελφός

English (LSJ)

[ᾰ], (ἀ- copul., δελφύς, Arist.HA510b13; cf. ἀγάστωρ) properly,

   A son of the same mother:    I as Subst., ἀδελφός, ὁ, voc. ἄδελφε; Ep., Ion., and Lyr. ἀδελφεός (gen. -ειοῦ in Hom. is for -εόο), Cret. ἀδελφιός, ἀδευφιός, Leg.Gort.2.21, Mon.Ant.18.319:—brother, Hom., etc.; ἀδελφοί brother and sister, E.El.536; so of the Ptolemies, θεοὶ ἀδελφοί Herod.1.30, OGI50.2 (iii B. C.), etc.; ἀπ' ἀμφοτέρων ἀδελφεός Hdt.7.97: prov., χαλεποὶ πόλεμοι ἀδελφῶν E.Fr.975: metaph., ἀ. γέγονα σειρήνων LXX Jb.30.29.    2 kinsman, ib.Ge.13.8, al.; tribesman, Ex.2.11, al.    3 colleague, associate, PTeb.1.12, IG12 (9).906.19 (Chalcis); member of a college, ib.14.956.    4 term of address, used by kings, OGI138.3 (Philae), J.AJ13.2.2, etc.; generally, LXX Ju.7.30; esp. in letters, PPar.48 (ii B. C.), etc.:—as a term of affection, applicable by wife to husband, LXX To.10.12, PLond.1.42.1 (ii B. C.), etc.    5 brother (as a fellow Christian), Ev.Matt.12.50, Act.Ap.9.30, al.; of other religious communities, e.g. Serapeum, PPar.42.1 (ii B. C.), cf. PTaur.1.1.20.    6 metaph., of things, fellow, ἀνὴρ τῷ ἀ. προσκολληθήσεται, of Leviathan's scales, LXX Jb.41.8.    II Adj., ἀδελφός, ή, όν, brotherly or sisterly, A.Th. 811, etc.; φύσιν ἀ. ἔχοντες, of Hephaistos and Athena, Pl.Criti. 109c.    2 generally, of anything double, twin, in pairs, X.Mem. 2.3.19:—also, akin, cognate, μαθήματα Archyt.1; ἀ. νόμοις Pl.Lg. 683a: mostly c. gen., ἀδελφὰ τῶνδε S.Ant.192; ἡ δὲ μωρία μάλιστ' ἀ. τῆς πονηρίας ἔφυ Id.Fr.925; freq. in Pl., Phd.108b, Cra.418e, al., cf. Hyp.Epit.35: c. dat., ἀδελφὰ τούτοισι S.OC1262, cf. Pl.Smp.210b.

German (Pape)

[Seite 32] ὁ, (ἀ copul. -δελφύς, nach Arist. H. A. 3, 1), Bruder, bei Hom. noch nicht, welcher ἀδελφεός u. ἀδελ φειός gebraucht; ἀδελφοί, Geschwister; auch adl. ἀδελφός, ή, όν, brüderlich; Aesch. χερσὶνφαῖς Spt. 793, wie Soph. O. R. 1468; ähnlich, übereinstimmend, τινός, z. B. Soph. ἀδελφὰ τῶνδε κηρύξας Ant. 192; βουλεύματα τοῖς ἔργοις ἀδ. Lys. 2, 59; τῶν εἰρημένων ἀδ. Isocr. 4, 71; – τινί, Soph. O. C. 1264; Aeschin. 2, 145 διαβολὴ δὲ ἀδελφόν ἐστι καὶ ἡ συκοφαντία; τὰ σὰ τοῖς φανεῖσιν ἡγοῦμαι ἀδελφά Luc. Gall. 5 (voc. ἄδελφε, s. Göttling p. 305).

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ἀδελφός: [ᾰ] (α ἀθροιστ., δελφύς, Ἀριστοφ. Ἱ. Ζ. 3. 1, 21, πρβλ. -ἀγάστωρ, καὶ Σανσκρ., sa-garbhyas, co-uterinus), ὥστε ἀδελφοὶ κυρίως εἶναι υἱοὶ τῆς αὐτῆς μητρός. Ι. ὡς οὐσιαστικόν, ἀδελφός, ὁ, κλητ. ἄδελφε (οὐχὶ -φέ), Ἰων. ἀδελφεός, Ἐπ. -ειός, (τῶν δύο δὲ τούτων τύπων τὸν ἕνα ἢ τὸν ἄλλον μεταχειρίζεται ἀείποτε ὁ Ὅμηρος· ὁ δὲ Ἡρόδ. κ. Πίνδ. τὸν πρῶτον, ὅστις ὡσαύτως ἀπαντᾷ καὶ ἐν λυρικῷ χωρίῳ τοῦ Αἰσχύλ. Θ. 974.): ― ἀδελφός, ἢ καθόλου, στενός, πλησίον συγγενής· ἀδελφοί, ἀδελφὸς καὶ ἀδελφή, ὡς τὸ Λατ. fratres, Εὐρ. Ἠλ. 536· ― ἀδελφεοὶ ἀπ’ ἀμφοτέρων, (δηλ. οὐχὶ μόνον ἐκ τοῦ ἑνὸς τῶν γονέων, Ἡροδ. 7. 97: ― Παροιμ., χαλεποὶ πόλεμοι ἀδελφῶν, Εὐριπ. Ἀποσπ. 965, πρβλ. ἀδελφή. 2) θρησκευτ., ἀδελφός, (ὡς ἀδελφὸς ἐν Χριστῷ), Εὐαγγ. Ματθ. ιβ΄, 50. ― Πράξ. Ἀποστ. θ΄, 30, κ. ἀλλ. ΙΙ. ὡς ἐπίθ. ἀδελφός, ή, όν, ἀδελφικός, Τραγ., ὡς παρ’ Αἰσχύλ. Θ. 811· φύσιν ἀδελφὴν ἔχοντες, ἐπὶ Ἡφαίστου καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς, Πλάτ. Κριτί. 109C. 2) καθόλου, ὡς τὸ Λατ. geminus, gemellus, ἐπὶ παντὸς διπλοῦ πράγματος, ἢ ζεύγους, Ξεν. Ἀπομν. 2. 3, 19· ὡσαύτως, ὡς δίδυμος, ἀκριβῶς ὅμοιος, σύνεγγυς, ἀδ. νόμοις, Πλάτ. Νόμ. 683Α, κτλ.· ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ μετὰ γεν., ἀδελφὰ τῶνδε, Σοφ. Ἀντιγ. 192· ἡ δὲ μωρία μάλιστ’ ἀδ. τῆς πονηρίας ἔφυ, ὁ αὐτ. Ἀποσπ. 663. Συχνάκις παρὰ Πλάτ., οἷον Φαίδων. 188Β, Κρατ. 418Ε, κτλ.· ἀλλ’ ὡσαύτως κ. μ. δοτ., ἀδελφὰ τούτοισι, Σοφ. Ο. Κ. 1262, πρβλ. Πλάτ. Συμπ. 210Β.

French (Bailly abrégé)

οῦ (ὁ) :
I. subst. frère ; οἱ ἀδελφοί frères, qqf frères et sœurs ; ἀδελφεοὶ (ion.) ἀπ’ ἀμφοτέρων HDT frères de père et de mère;
II. adj.
1 de frère, de sœur, fraternel;
2 double, jumeau ; τὰ ἀδελφά XÉN les organes jumeaux (yeux, mains, pieds, etc.);
3 proche parent, semblable, analogue : τινος ou τινι à qqn ou à qch.
Étymologie: ἀ- cop., δελφύς, litt. « né du même sein ».
Syn. κασίγνητος.

Spanish (DGE)

-οῦ, ὁ

• Alolema(s): ép., jón., lír., tard. -εός, -ειός (Hom. gen. -ειοῦ), -ε<ι>οῖο Call.SHell (260A.5), locr. IG 9².609.5 (VI/V a.C.); beoc. ἀδελφιός SEG 22.416 (Tebas IV/III a.C.); cret. ἀδελπιός ICr.4.72.2.21 (Gortina V a.C.); ἀδευφιός ICr.4.208A.2 (Gortina II a.C.); αδελπhεον IG 12(3).537 (Tera VII/VI a.C.); ἀδελπός Ramsay, Studies in Eastern Rom.Prov.167 (Isauria), MAMA 7.577 (Frigia)

• Grafía: graf. ἀδερφός JRCil.2.p.228.n.15 (Dalisando, imper.), ἀδαλφ- IKais.Lyk.272, ἀδερός SB 13920.1 (V/VI d.C.)

• Prosodia: [ᾰ-]

• Morfología: [cret. sg. gen. ἀδελπιō ICr.4.72.2.21, dat. ἀδελπιōι ICr.4.72.7.16, locr. ἀδελφεōι IG 9².609.5 (VI/V a.C.); plu. nom. ἀδελποί JRCil.2.p.172 nota 38 (imper.); cret. plu. gen. ἀδελπιōν ICr.4.72.4.22]
I 1hermano, Il.5.21, Od.4.91, IG 9².609.5 (VI/V a.C.), Gorg.B 11a.8, UPZ 110.2 (II a.C.), ἀδελφοὶ ὁμοπάτριοι Pl.Lg.774e, ἀ. ἀπ' ἀμφοτέρων hermano de padre y madre Hdt.7.97, ὁμογνήσιος ἀδελφός POxy.47.13 (I d.C.), cf. PPar.20.6 (VI d.C.), ὁ δὲ πατρὸς ἀ. θεῖος Poll.3.22
•ὁ μὲν νόθος υἱὸς Ὀϊλῆος ... Αἴαντος ἀδελφεός de un hermano bastardo (de padre) Il.13.695, cf. Pi.N.10.73
•en plu. de dos hermanos Τυνδαριδᾶν ἀδελφῶν (Cástor y Pólux) Lyr.Adesp.86, tít. de una comedia de Filemón, Ath.569d, de Dífilo, Ath.499d, de Apollod.Gel., Stob.4.53.13, de Hegesipo, Ath.290b, de Eufrón, Ath.379c, de Menandro, Ath.431b, de Alexis, Ath.223f, de Terencio, Ter.Ad.
•pero ἀδελφοί hermano y hermana E.El.536, cf. And.Myst.47
•en Egipto heleníst. θεοὶ ἀδελφοί de Ptolomeo II y Arsínoe, Herod.1.30, SB 8854.2 (Ptolemaide III a.C.), cf. 10763.6 (II a.C.), PTor.Choachiti 12.1.20 (II a.C.), POxy.713.21, 30 (I d.C.)
•para expresar relación de gran afecto ἠσπάζοντο ὥσπερ ἀδελφούς X.An.6.3.24, PTeb.12.1, 19.2 (II a.C.)
•para indicar relaciones castas κοιμηθήσῃ ὡς ἀ. καὶ οὐκ ὡς ἀνήρ Herm.Sim.9.11.3, de fundaciones de una misma ciu. διὰ τὸ Μασσαλιήτας εἶναι ἡμῖν ἀδελφούς ILampsakos 4.26 (II a.C.).
2 fig. ἀ. γέγονα σειρήνων he sido un hermano para los chacales LXX Ib.30.29
•de cosas compañero ἀνὴρ τῷ ἀδελφῷ προσκολληθήσεται cada uno estará pegado a su compañero (de las escamas del Leviatán, como hombres con escudo), LXX Ib.41.9.
3 miembro de un mismo pueblo, paisano Pl.Mx.239a
•miembro de la misma tribu LXX Ex.2.11, cf. Ph.2.78
•miembro de la misma asociación o colegio, IG 14.956B.15.
4 lit. sem.-crist. pariente LXX Ge.13.8, Le.10.4
•sobrino LXX Ge.14.14
•de los «hermanos» de Jesús Eu.Matt.12.46, de Santiago ὁ ἀ. τοῦ Κυρίου Ep.Gal.1.19
•de un cuñado, M.Ant.5.31.
II como tratamiento
1 hermano dirigido a un amigo íntimo, X.An.7.2.25
•la esposa al dirigirse al marido, LXX To.10.12, UPZ 59.1 (III a.C.), SEG 39.1711.20 (Egipto I d.C.)
•gener. como tratamiento afectuoso UPZ 72.2 (II a.C.), Cristo al dirigirse a un creyente Eu.Matt.12.50, Eu.Marc.3.35.
2 de los miembros de comunidades religiosas IUrb.Rom.246b.14 (IV d.C.)
•de los cristianos entre sí Ep.Rom.8.29, 1Ep.Cor.5.11, ἀγαπητὲ ἀδελφὲ ἐν κ(υρί)ῳ PAlex.29.15 (III d.C.), cf. PGron.18.2, 3, 24 (IV d.C.), ἀδελφοὶ ἐν θ(ε)ῷ hermanos en el Señor, PGrenf.2.73.6 (III/IV d.C.), cf. MAMA 7.183 (Hadrianópolis, Frigia Oriental)
•acompañando al nombre propio indicando su calidad de hermano en la fe, Ep.Rom.16.23, 1Ep.Cor.1.1
•monje, IGLS 1130 (Seleucia).
3 como tratamiento usado por reyes al dirigirse a personas importantes, I.AI 13.45, ἀδελφὲ Πειλᾶτε (habla Herodes) Eu.Petr.1.5, como tít. honoríf. de alto rango en la jerarquía de la corte ptolemaica IPh.19.13, ISyène 244.26 (ambos II a.C.)
•colega entre funcionarios POxy.892.3 (IV d.C.).
III como adj. [-ός, -ή, -όν, dór. -εός, -εά, -εόν]
1 hermano, emparentado, fig. semejante, del mismo tipo ἀδελφεὰ μαθήματα Archyt.B 1, φύσιν ἀδελφὴν ἔχοντες de Hefesto y Atena, Pl.Criti.109c
•c. gen. τὰ πρὸ τούτων βάρεα ἀδελφὰ τῶν ὀκταμήνων πόνων Hp.Epid.2.3.17, ἀδελφὰ τῶνδε S.Ant.192, ἅ τούτων ἀδελφά τε καὶ ἀδελφῶν ψυχῶν ἔργα Pl.Phd.108b
•c. dat. παθήματα τῇ προτέρῃ ἀδελφεά Hp.Mul.1.36, ἀδελφά ... τούτοισιν φορεῖ τὰ ... θρεπτήρια S.OC 1262, ἀδελφὰ τὰ βουλεύματα τοῖς ἔργοις Lys.2.64, ἀδελφὰ τούτοις ἐπιτηδεύσαντα Philostr.VA 1.2, λόγος ἀ. τῷ προειρημένῳ Ael.VH 2.18, τὰ συνθήματα ... ὡς μάλιστα ἀδελφὰ ταῖς μελλούσαις πράξεσι Aen.Tact.24.14, cf. Pl.Smp.210b.
2 de cosas naturalmente unidas doble, emparejado ὅσα ἀδελφὰ ἔφυσεν ἀνθρώποις (de manos, pies, etc.), X.Mem.2.3.19.

• Etimología: ἀ- < *sm̥- más la r. que se encuentra en δελφύς q.u.

English (Abbott-Smith)

ἀδελφός, -οῦ, ὁ (< ἀ- copul., δελφύς, womb),
in cl., a brother, born of the same parent or parents. [In LXX (Hort, Ja., 102f.), for אָח;]
1.lit. of a brother (Ge 4:2, al.).
2.Of a neighbour (Le 19:17).
3.Of a member of the same nation (Ex 2:14, De 15:3). In NT in each of these senses (1. Mt 1:2, al.; 2. Mt 7:3; 3. Ro 9:3) and also,
4.of a fellow-Christian: I Co 1:1, Ac 9:30. This usage finds illustration in π., where ἀ. is used of members of a pagan religious community (M, Th., I, 1:4; MM, VGT, s.v.). The ἀδελφοὶ τ. Κυρίου (Mt 12:46-49 13:55 28:10, Mk 3:31-34, Lk 8:19-21, Jo 2:12 7:3, 5 10 20:17, Ac 1:14, I Co 9:5) may have been sons of Joseph and Mary (Mayor, Ja., Intr. viff.; DB, i, 320ff.) or of Joseph by a former marriage (Lft., Gal., 252ff.; DCG, i, 232ff.), but the view of Jerome, which makes ἀ. equivalent to ἀνεψιός, is inconsistent with Greek usage. (Cremer, 66.)

English (Strong)

from Α (as a connective particle) and delphus (the womb); a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like Α): brother.

English (Thayer)

(οῦ, ὁ (from ἆ copulative and δελφύς, from the same womb; cf. ἀγάστωρ) (from Homer down);
1. a brother (whether born of the same two parents, or only of the same father or the same mother): WH only in marginal reading); Jerome and Augustine (cf. Lightfoot's Commentary on Galatians , diss. ii.)), according to that use of language by which ἀδελφός like the Hebrew אָח denotes any blood-relation or kinsman (R G); υἱόν πρωτότοκον, the expression υἱόν μονογενῆ would have been used, as well as from Ἰάκωβος, 3. (Cf. B. D. under the word Smith's Bible Dictionary, Brother; Andrews, Life of our Lord, pp. 104-116; Bib. Sacr. for 1864, pp. 855-869; for 1869, pp. 745-758; Laurent, N. T. Studien, pp. 153-193; McClellan, note on אָח (σπέρμα Ἀβραάμ, υἱοί Ἰσραήλ, cf. ὁ ἀλλότριος, cf. Philo de septen. § 9 at the beginning)) are called ἀδελφοί: אָח is used interchangeably with רֵַעַ (but, as ἀδελφός is used for ὁ πλησίον to denote (as appears from Epictetus diss. 1,13, 3.
4. a fellow-believer, united to another by the bond of affection; so most frequently of Christians, constituting as it were but a single family: Rec., and often elsewhere; yet in the phraseology of John it has reference to the new life unto which men are begotten again by the efficiency of a common father, even God: δόξα (which see, III:4b.) which he enjoys: Romans 8:29.