τριήραρχος: Difference between revisions

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|Transliteration C=triirarchos
|Transliteration C=triirarchos
|Beta Code=trih/rarxos
|Beta Code=trih/rarxos
|Definition=(proparox.), ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[captain of a trireme]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.93</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>837</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">Th.4.11</span>, <span class="bibl">7.70</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.1.25</span>, <span class="title">OGI</span>773.5 (Ios, iv B. C.), <span class="title">IG</span>22.1631.343 (iv B. C.), 884.11 (iii/ii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1744.11</span> (i B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1508.4</span> (ii A. D.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[trierarch]], one who (singly or jointly with other citizens) had to [[fit]] out a [[trireme]] for the [[public]] [[service]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>546</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.31</span>, <span class="bibl">7.13</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.304.36, al., 22.1.27, 1609.57, 1612.133, 1629.3, 183, etc.— [[τριηράρχης]] is a later form, meaning [[naval]] [[commander]] in general, <span class="bibl">Gal. <span class="title">Thras.</span>47</span>.</span>
|Definition=(proparox.), ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[captain of a trireme]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.93, Ar.''Th.''837 (troch.), Th.4.11, 7.70, X.''HG''1.1.25, ''OGI''773.5 (Ios, iv B. C.), ''IG''22.1631.343 (iv B. C.), 884.11 (iii/ii B. C.), ''BGU''1744.11 (i B. C.), ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1508.4 (ii A. D.), etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[trierarch]], one who (singly or jointly with other citizens) had to [[fit]] out a [[trireme]] for the [[public]] [[service]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''546, Th.6.31, 7.13, ''IG''12.304.36, al., 22.1.27, 1609.57, 1612.133, 1629.3, 183, etc.—[[τριηράρχης]] is a later form, meaning [[naval]] [[commander]] in general, Gal. ''Thras.''47.
}}
}}
{{bailly
{{bailly
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{{elnl
{{elnl
|elnltext=τριήραρχος -ου, ὁ &#91;[[τριήρης]], [[ἄρχω]]] triërarch (commandant of financier van een triëre).
|elnltext=τριήραρχος -ου, ὁ &#91;[[τριήρης]], [[ἄρχω]]] triërarch (commandant of financier van een triëre).
}}
{{pape
|ptext=ὁ, [[ältere]] Form von [[τριηράρχης]]; bei Thuc. [[schwankt]] der [[Akzent]] in τριηράρχων, 6.31 und [[sonst]]; Xen. <i>Hell</i>. 1.1.19, <i>Oec</i>. 2.8; s. Böckh <i>ath. Staatsh</i>. II p. 113.<br>Bei Her. 8.93 <i>[[Befehlshaber]] einer [[Triere]]</i>, wie Pol. 1.50.4.
}}
}}
{{elru
{{elru
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{{mdlsj
{{mdlsj
|mdlsjtxt=τριήρ-αρχος, ὁ,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> the [[captain]] of a [[trireme]], Hdt., [[Attic]]<br /><b class="num">II.</b> at [[Athens]], a [[trierarch]], who had to fit out a [[trireme]] for the [[public]] [[service]], Ar., Thuc.
|mdlsjtxt=τριήρ-αρχος, ὁ,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> the [[captain]] of a [[trireme]], Hdt., [[Attic]]<br /><b class="num">II.</b> at [[Athens]], a [[trierarch]], who had to fit out a [[trireme]] for the [[public]] [[service]], Ar., Thuc.
}}
{{WoodhouseReversedUncategorized
|woodrun=[[captain of a trireme]]
}}
}}
{{mantoulidis
{{mantoulidis
|mantxt=Ἀπό τό [[τριήρης]] + [[ἄρχω]], ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα, [[καθώς]] καί στή λέξη [[τρίαινα]].
|mantxt=Ἀπό τό [[τριήρης]] + [[ἄρχω]], ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα, [[καθώς]] καί στή λέξη [[τρίαινα]].
}}
}}
{{pape
{{wkpen
|ptext=, [[ältere]] Form von [[τριηράρχης]]; bei Thuc. [[schwankt]] der [[Akzent]] in τριηράρχων, 6.31 und [[sonst]]; Xen. <i>Hell</i>. 1.1.19, <i>Oec</i>. 2.8; s. Böckh <i>ath. Staatsh</i>. II p. 113.<br>Bei Her. 8.93 <i>[[Befehlshaber]] einer [[Triere]]</i>, wie Pol. 1.50.4.
|wketx=Trierarch (Greek: τριήραρχος, romanized: triērarchos) was the title of officers who commanded a trireme (triēres) in the classical Greek world.
 
In Classical Athens, the title was associated with the trierarchy (τριηραρχία, triērarchia), one of the public offices or liturgies, which were filled by wealthy citizens for a year. As the name implies, the trierarch was responsible for the outfitting and crewing of a trireme, and for commanding it in battle. Trierarchs thus had to be men of considerable means, since the expenses incurred could run as high as a talent in the course of a year. As the cost of the office was great, co-trierarchs (syntriērarchoi) were also appointed. By the 4th century BC, trierarchies in Athens were assumed by navy boards (symmoriai), as the financial burden of the job had become too great
}}
{{wkpes
|wkestx=[[trierarca|Trierarca]] o [[trierarco]] (griego antiguo τριήραρχος/triērarchos, compuesto bitemático de triếrês, «trirreme» y árchein, «mandar») originalmente era el título de los oficiales que capitaneaban un trirreme en el mundo clásico griego.​ En Atenas y en algunas otras ciudades-estado se requería que este oficial pagase con sus propios fondos el equipamiento y el mantenimiento de la nave.​
 
Desde la institucionalización de la función pública de las liturgias en época de los Pisistrátidas (en Atenas) y su desarrollo en los primeros decenios del siglo V a. C.,​ trierarcas eran los ciudadanos adultos (en Atenas los de la primera clase censitaria, los pentacosiomedimnos) y metecos ricos a quienes anualmente designaban los magistrados (en Atenas competía a los generales) para costear, equipar y capitanear un trirreme.
 
La flota ateniense, en Época Arcaica, estaba compuesta por barcos en propiedad de ciudadanos particulares y que estos aportaban a la guerra tras haberlos adaptado para desempeñar tareas militares. Este sistema se vio drásticamente modificado con la introducción del trirreme y con la guerra contra los persas.
 
Sin embargo, la marina ateniense no perdió por completo esta característica privada en la época clásica: cuando el gobierno de Temístocles asumió la construcción de una flota de 200 trirremes, se vio la imposibilidad de financiar completamente el sistema naval con fondos públicos.​ Esto no es de extrañar: el mantenimiento de tantos barcos, y sobre todo de tantos tripulantes (unos 200 por nave) era una carga muy pesada que la polis no podía asumir en su totalidad. Además, para administrar y controlar una flota de tan grandes dimensiones haría falta una considerable burocracia, lo cual encarecería aún más el mantenimiento.
}}
{{wkppt
|wkpttx=Trierarca (em grego clássico: τριήραρχος; romaniz.: triērarchos) era o título dos oficiais que comandavam uma trirreme (triēres) na Grécia Clássica. Em algumas cidades, como Atenas, o trierarca era um cidadão que era obrigado a pagar a manutenção e armamento do navio, o que implicava ser pessoas de largas posses, pois as despesas podiam ascender a um talento por ano. No final do século IV a.C., devido aos elevados custos, era comum em Atenas um navio ter, não um, mas vários trierarcas, que partilhavam entre si as despesas do navio.
 
O posto de trierarca estava associado ao conceito de trierarquia (τριηραρχία; triêrarkhía), que basicamente consistia na convocação dum cidadão para tomar a seu cargo o comando e todas as depesas duma trirreme, incluindo a sua tripulação, tendo-o em condições de combater, durante um período de tempo pré-estabelecido, normalmente um ano. A trierarquia cujo funcionamento se conhece melhor é a de Atenas do século IV a.C., que possivelmente foi instituída pela lei naval de Temístocles de 483−482 a.C.
}}
{{wkpel
|wkeltx=Τριήραρχος ήταν ο τίτλος του αξιωματικού που διοικούσε μια τριήρη στον κλασικό ελληνικό κόσμο. Στην Αρχαία Αθήνα, ο τίτλος συσχετίστηκε με την τριηραρχία, μία από τις δημόσιες θέσεις ή λειτουργίες, που γέμισαν από πλούσιους πολίτες για ένα χρόνο. Όπως υποδηλώνει το όνομα, ο τριήραρχος ήταν υπεύθυνος για το εξοπλισμό και το πλήρωμα μιας τριήρης και για τη διοίκηση της στη μάχη. Επομένως, ο τριήραρχος έπρεπε να είναι άντρας με σημαντικά μέσα, καθώς οι δαπάνες που πραγματοποιούνταν θα μπορούσαν να φθάσουν το ένα αττικό τάλαντο σε ένα χρόνο. Καθώς το κόστος της θέσης ήταν μεγάλο, διορίζονταν επίσης συν-τριήραρχοι. Μέχρι τον 4ο αιώνα π.Χ., οι τριήραρχοι στην Αθήνα αναλήφθηκαν από ναυτικά συμβούλια (συμμορία), καθώς η οικονομική επιβάρυνση της θέσης είχε γίνει πολύ μεγάλη.
}}
==Wikipedia TR==
Trierarhos (Yunanca: τριήραρχος) klasik Yunan dünyasında trireme (triēres) savaş gemisine komuta eden subayların unvanıdır.
 
Klasik Atina'da, unvan, bir yıl boyunca zengin vatandaşlar tarafından doldurulan kamu dairelerinden veya litürjiden biri olan trierarşi (τριηραρχία, triērarchia) ile ilişkilendirildi. Adından da anlaşılacağı gibi, trierarch bir triremenin donatılmasından ve mürettebatından ve savaşta ona komuta etmekten sorumluydu. Bu nedenle, Trierarhos, bir yıl içinde yapılan harcamalar bir yetenek kadar yüksek olabileceğinden, hatırı sayılır varlıkları olan adamlar olmalıydı. Makamın maliyeti yüksek olduğu için eş-trierarhos (syntriērarchoi) da atanırdı. MÖ 4. yüzyıla gelindiğinde, Atina'daki trierarşiler, işin mali yükü çok büyük olduğu için donanma kurulları (symmoriai) tarafından üstlenildi.
{{lxth
|lthtxt=''[[trierarchus]]'', [[trierarch]] (Athenian navy officer), [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.24.2/ 2.24.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.11.4/ 4.11.4]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.38.4/ 4.38.4]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.31.2/ 6.31.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%206.31.2/ 6.31.2][https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.5.1/ 6.5.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.13.2/ 7.13.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.24.2/ 7.24.2], [<i>vulgo</i> <i>commonly</i> τῶν τριηραρχῶν]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.38.2/ 7.38.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.69.2/ 7.69.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.70.8/ 7.70.8]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:8.45.3/ 8.45.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:8.47.2/ 8.47.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:8.76.2/ 8.76.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.76.2/ 8.76.2]
}}
}}

Latest revision as of 13:51, 16 November 2024

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: τρῐήραρχος Medium diacritics: τριήραρχος Low diacritics: τριήραρχος Capitals: ΤΡΙΗΡΑΡΧΟΣ
Transliteration A: triḗrarchos Transliteration B: triērarchos Transliteration C: triirarchos Beta Code: trih/rarxos

English (LSJ)

(proparox.), ὁ,
A captain of a trireme, Hdt.8.93, Ar.Th.837 (troch.), Th.4.11, 7.70, X.HG1.1.25, OGI773.5 (Ios, iv B. C.), IG22.1631.343 (iv B. C.), 884.11 (iii/ii B. C.), BGU1744.11 (i B. C.), POxy.1508.4 (ii A. D.), etc.
II trierarch, one who (singly or jointly with other citizens) had to fit out a trireme for the public service, Ar.Ach.546, Th.6.31, 7.13, IG12.304.36, al., 22.1.27, 1609.57, 1612.133, 1629.3, 183, etc.—τριηράρχης is a later form, meaning naval commander in general, Gal. Thras.47.

French (Bailly abrégé)

ου (ὁ) :
triérarche;
1 commandant d'une trière;
2 à Athènes citoyen riche tenu d'équiper une trière à ses frais ou à frais avec d'autres.
Étymologie: τριήρης, ἄρχω.

Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)

τριήραρχος -ου, ὁ [τριήρης, ἄρχω] triërarch (commandant of financier van een triëre).

German (Pape)

ὁ, ältere Form von τριηράρχης; bei Thuc. schwankt der Akzent in τριηράρχων, 6.31 und sonst; Xen. Hell. 1.1.19, Oec. 2.8; s. Böckh ath. Staatsh. II p. 113.
Bei Her. 8.93 Befehlshaber einer Triere, wie Pol. 1.50.4.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

τριήραρχος: ὁ триерарх
1 командир триеры Her., Thuc., Xen.;
2 командующий триерами, т. е. флотом Polyb.;
3 в Афинах - лицо, обязанное снарядить на свой счет триеру для государства Thuc., Arph.

Greek Monolingual

ο, ΝΑ
(στην αρχ. Αθήνα) εύπορος πολίτης ο οποίος ήταν υποχρεωμένος να εξοπλίσει τριήρη και να την κυβερνήσει ο ίδιος ή αντικαταστάτης του
αρχ.
ο κυβερνήτης τριήρους.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < τριήρης + -αρχος].

Greek Monotonic

τριήραρχος: ὁ,
I. κυβερνήτης τριήρους, σε Ηρόδ., Αττ.
II. στην Αθήνα, τριήραρχος καλούνταν ο πολίτης, ο οποίοςμόνος ή από κοινού με άλλους) όφειλε να εξοπλίσει τριήρη στην υπηρεσία του δημοσίου, σε Αριστοφ., Θουκ.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

τριήραρχος: ὁ, ὁ κυβερνήτης τριήρους, τοῖσι Ἀθηναίων τριηράρχοισι Ἡρόδ. 8. 93· ἢ τριήραρχον πονηρὸν Ἀριστοφ. Θεσμ. 837, Θουκ. 4. 11., 7. 70, Ξεν. Ἑλλ. 1. 1. 25, κλπ. ΙΙ. ἐν Ἀθήναις ἐκαλεῖτο τριήραρχοςπολίτης ὅστις (ἢ μόνος ἢ ἀπὸ κοινοῦ μετ’ ἄλλων) ὤφειλε νὰ ἐξοπλίσῃ τριήρη εἰς ὑπηρεσίαν τοῦ δημοσίου ὢν ἅμα ὑπεύθυνος καὶ περὶ τὴν κυβέρνησιν ἢ διοίκησιν αὐτῆς, Ἀριστοφ. Ἀχαρν. 546, Θουκ. 6. 31., 7. 13, κλπ. ― τριηράρχης εἶναι τύπος μεταγεν., Γαλην. τ. 6. σ. 39. ― Πρβλ. τριηραρχία ΙΙ. ― Καθ’ Ἡσύχ.: «τριήραρχος· τριήρους ἄρχων, ἤτοι πλοίων πολεμικῶν».

Middle Liddell

τριήρ-αρχος, ὁ,
I. the captain of a trireme, Hdt., Attic
II. at Athens, a trierarch, who had to fit out a trireme for the public service, Ar., Thuc.

Mantoulidis Etymological

Ἀπό τό τριήρης + ἄρχω, ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα, καθώς καί στή λέξη τρίαινα.

Wikipedia EN

Trierarch (Greek: τριήραρχος, romanized: triērarchos) was the title of officers who commanded a trireme (triēres) in the classical Greek world.

In Classical Athens, the title was associated with the trierarchy (τριηραρχία, triērarchia), one of the public offices or liturgies, which were filled by wealthy citizens for a year. As the name implies, the trierarch was responsible for the outfitting and crewing of a trireme, and for commanding it in battle. Trierarchs thus had to be men of considerable means, since the expenses incurred could run as high as a talent in the course of a year. As the cost of the office was great, co-trierarchs (syntriērarchoi) were also appointed. By the 4th century BC, trierarchies in Athens were assumed by navy boards (symmoriai), as the financial burden of the job had become too great

Wikipedia ES

Trierarca o trierarco (griego antiguo τριήραρχος/triērarchos, compuesto bitemático de triếrês, «trirreme» y árchein, «mandar») originalmente era el título de los oficiales que capitaneaban un trirreme en el mundo clásico griego.​ En Atenas y en algunas otras ciudades-estado se requería que este oficial pagase con sus propios fondos el equipamiento y el mantenimiento de la nave.​

Desde la institucionalización de la función pública de las liturgias en época de los Pisistrátidas (en Atenas) y su desarrollo en los primeros decenios del siglo V a. C.,​ trierarcas eran los ciudadanos adultos (en Atenas los de la primera clase censitaria, los pentacosiomedimnos) y metecos ricos a quienes anualmente designaban los magistrados (en Atenas competía a los generales) para costear, equipar y capitanear un trirreme.

La flota ateniense, en Época Arcaica, estaba compuesta por barcos en propiedad de ciudadanos particulares y que estos aportaban a la guerra tras haberlos adaptado para desempeñar tareas militares. Este sistema se vio drásticamente modificado con la introducción del trirreme y con la guerra contra los persas.

Sin embargo, la marina ateniense no perdió por completo esta característica privada en la época clásica: cuando el gobierno de Temístocles asumió la construcción de una flota de 200 trirremes, se vio la imposibilidad de financiar completamente el sistema naval con fondos públicos.​ Esto no es de extrañar: el mantenimiento de tantos barcos, y sobre todo de tantos tripulantes (unos 200 por nave) era una carga muy pesada que la polis no podía asumir en su totalidad. Además, para administrar y controlar una flota de tan grandes dimensiones haría falta una considerable burocracia, lo cual encarecería aún más el mantenimiento.

Wikipedia PT

Trierarca (em grego clássico: τριήραρχος; romaniz.: triērarchos) era o título dos oficiais que comandavam uma trirreme (triēres) na Grécia Clássica. Em algumas cidades, como Atenas, o trierarca era um cidadão que era obrigado a pagar a manutenção e armamento do navio, o que implicava ser pessoas de largas posses, pois as despesas podiam ascender a um talento por ano. No final do século IV a.C., devido aos elevados custos, era comum em Atenas um navio ter, não um, mas vários trierarcas, que partilhavam entre si as despesas do navio.

O posto de trierarca estava associado ao conceito de trierarquia (τριηραρχία; triêrarkhía), que basicamente consistia na convocação dum cidadão para tomar a seu cargo o comando e todas as depesas duma trirreme, incluindo a sua tripulação, tendo-o em condições de combater, durante um período de tempo pré-estabelecido, normalmente um ano. A trierarquia cujo funcionamento se conhece melhor é a de Atenas do século IV a.C., que possivelmente foi instituída pela lei naval de Temístocles de 483−482 a.C.

Wikipedia EL

Τριήραρχος ήταν ο τίτλος του αξιωματικού που διοικούσε μια τριήρη στον κλασικό ελληνικό κόσμο. Στην Αρχαία Αθήνα, ο τίτλος συσχετίστηκε με την τριηραρχία, μία από τις δημόσιες θέσεις ή λειτουργίες, που γέμισαν από πλούσιους πολίτες για ένα χρόνο. Όπως υποδηλώνει το όνομα, ο τριήραρχος ήταν υπεύθυνος για το εξοπλισμό και το πλήρωμα μιας τριήρης και για τη διοίκηση της στη μάχη. Επομένως, ο τριήραρχος έπρεπε να είναι άντρας με σημαντικά μέσα, καθώς οι δαπάνες που πραγματοποιούνταν θα μπορούσαν να φθάσουν το ένα αττικό τάλαντο σε ένα χρόνο. Καθώς το κόστος της θέσης ήταν μεγάλο, διορίζονταν επίσης συν-τριήραρχοι. Μέχρι τον 4ο αιώνα π.Χ., οι τριήραρχοι στην Αθήνα αναλήφθηκαν από ναυτικά συμβούλια (συμμορία), καθώς η οικονομική επιβάρυνση της θέσης είχε γίνει πολύ μεγάλη.

Wikipedia TR

Trierarhos (Yunanca: τριήραρχος) klasik Yunan dünyasında trireme (triēres) savaş gemisine komuta eden subayların unvanıdır.

Klasik Atina'da, unvan, bir yıl boyunca zengin vatandaşlar tarafından doldurulan kamu dairelerinden veya litürjiden biri olan trierarşi (τριηραρχία, triērarchia) ile ilişkilendirildi. Adından da anlaşılacağı gibi, trierarch bir triremenin donatılmasından ve mürettebatından ve savaşta ona komuta etmekten sorumluydu. Bu nedenle, Trierarhos, bir yıl içinde yapılan harcamalar bir yetenek kadar yüksek olabileceğinden, hatırı sayılır varlıkları olan adamlar olmalıydı. Makamın maliyeti yüksek olduğu için eş-trierarhos (syntriērarchoi) da atanırdı. MÖ 4. yüzyıla gelindiğinde, Atina'daki trierarşiler, işin mali yükü çok büyük olduğu için donanma kurulları (symmoriai) tarafından üstlenildi.

Lexicon Thucydideum

trierarchus, trierarch (Athenian navy officer), 2.24.2, 4.11.4. 4.38.4. 6.31.2, 6.31.26.5.1, 7.13.2. 7.24.2, [vulgo commonly τῶν τριηραρχῶν]. 7.38.2. 7.69.2. 7.70.8. 8.45.3. 8.47.2. 8.76.2. 8.76.2