κρανίον: Difference between revisions
ἀρχὴν μὲν μὴ φῦναι ἐπιχθονίοισιν ἄριστον· φύντα δ' ὅμως ὤκιστα πύλας Ἀίδαο περῆσαι → First, it is best for mortals to not be born. If born, to pass through Hades' gates as soon as possible.
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">skull, brain-pan</b>, also of the head in gen. (Θ 84 [Atticism?, Wackernagel Unt. 225, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 18, Shipp Studies 21], Pi. I. 4, 54, Att.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">κρανιό-λειος</b> <b class="b2">bald-headed</b> (Com. Adesp. 1050); not seldom as 2. member, esp. in medic. expressions, e.g. <b class="b3">ὀπισθο-κράνιον</b> [[occiput]], <b class="b3">ἐγ-κράνιον</b> [[cerebellum]] (after <b class="b3">ἐγ-κέφαλος</b>), but also otherwise, e.g. <b class="b3">βου-κράνιον</b> [[oxhead]] (EM), also as plant-name (Ps.-Dsc., Gal., Strömberg Pflanzennamen 47). Adjectival hypostasis <b class="b3">περι-κράνιος</b> <b class="b2">running around the skull</b> (Plu., medic.).<br />Derivatives: Beside it, older and more usual, <b class="b3">-κρανον</b>, e.g <b class="b3">ἐπί-κρανον</b> <b class="b2">capital, head-band</b> (Pi., E., inscr.), <b class="b3">ποτί-κρανον</b> [[cushion]] (Sophr., Theoc.), <b class="b3">ὀλέ-κρανον</b> <b class="b2">head of the elbow</b> (Hp., Ar., Arist.), <b class="b3">κιο(νό)-κρανον</b> (s. <b class="b3">κίων</b>). Adj., e. g. <b class="b3">βού-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐλαφό-</b>, <b class="b3">δί-</b>, <b class="b3">τρί-</b>, <b class="b3">χαλκεό-</b>, <b class="b3">ὀρθό-κρανος</b>. Rarely as 1. member: <b class="b3">κρανο-κοπέω</b> <b class="b2">cut off the head</b> (pap.); on <b class="b3">κρανο-κολάπτης</b> s. <b class="b3">κράνον</b>. -- Denomin. verbs: <b class="b3">κρανίξαι ἐπὶ κεφαλην ἀπορρῖψαι</b>, <b class="b3">κρηνιῶν καρηβαρῶν</b> H.; hypostasis <b class="b3">ἀποκρανίξαι</b> <b class="b2">tear from the head</b> (AP), <b class="b2">cut off the head</b> (Eust.). The secondary formation <b class="b3">κρανίον</b> goes back on a nominal basis. We can better start directly from the oblique stem <b class="b3">κραν-</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] <b class="b2">*ḱerh₂-</b> [[head]], [[horn]]<br />Etymology: Further see on [[κάρα]] and [[κέρας]]. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">skull, brain-pan</b>, also of the head in gen. (Θ 84 [Atticism?, Wackernagel Unt. 225, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 18, Shipp Studies 21], Pi. I. 4, 54, Att.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">κρανιό-λειος</b> <b class="b2">bald-headed</b> (Com. Adesp. 1050); not seldom as 2. member, esp. in medic. expressions, e.g. <b class="b3">ὀπισθο-κράνιον</b> [[occiput]], <b class="b3">ἐγ-κράνιον</b> [[cerebellum]] (after <b class="b3">ἐγ-κέφαλος</b>), but also otherwise, e.g. <b class="b3">βου-κράνιον</b> [[oxhead]] (EM), also as plant-name (Ps.-Dsc., Gal., Strömberg Pflanzennamen 47). Adjectival hypostasis <b class="b3">περι-κράνιος</b> <b class="b2">running around the skull</b> (Plu., medic.).<br />Derivatives: Beside it, older and more usual, <b class="b3">-κρανον</b>, e.g <b class="b3">ἐπί-κρανον</b> <b class="b2">capital, head-band</b> (Pi., E., inscr.), <b class="b3">ποτί-κρανον</b> [[cushion]] (Sophr., Theoc.), <b class="b3">ὀλέ-κρανον</b> <b class="b2">head of the elbow</b> (Hp., Ar., Arist.), <b class="b3">κιο(νό)-κρανον</b> (s. <b class="b3">κίων</b>). Adj., e. g. <b class="b3">βού-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐλαφό-</b>, <b class="b3">δί-</b>, <b class="b3">τρί-</b>, <b class="b3">χαλκεό-</b>, <b class="b3">ὀρθό-κρανος</b>. Rarely as 1. member: <b class="b3">κρανο-κοπέω</b> <b class="b2">cut off the head</b> (pap.); on <b class="b3">κρανο-κολάπτης</b> s. <b class="b3">κράνον</b>. -- Denomin. verbs: <b class="b3">κρανίξαι ἐπὶ κεφαλην ἀπορρῖψαι</b>, <b class="b3">κρηνιῶν καρηβαρῶν</b> H.; hypostasis <b class="b3">ἀποκρανίξαι</b> <b class="b2">tear from the head</b> (AP), <b class="b2">cut off the head</b> (Eust.). The secondary formation <b class="b3">κρανίον</b> goes back on a nominal basis. We can better start directly from the oblique stem <b class="b3">κραν-</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] <b class="b2">*ḱerh₂-</b> [[head]], [[horn]]<br />Etymology: Further see on [[κάρα]] and [[κέρας]]. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=κρᾱνίον, ου, τό, [[κάρα]]<br />the [[upper]] [[part]] of the [[head]], the [[skull]], Il., Pind., Eur. | |||
}} | }} |
Revision as of 03:05, 10 January 2019
English (LSJ)
τό, (κάρα)
A upper part of the head, skull (κεφαλῆς τὸ τριχωτὸν μέρος Arist.HA491a31, cf. Gal.2.739); of horses, ὅθι τε πρῶται τρίχες ἵππων κρανίῳ ἐμπεφύασι Il.8.84; of men, Pi.I.4(3).54, E.Cyc.683, Cratin.71, Pl.Euthd.299e, etc.: generally, head, Amphis 16. II headache, Hippiatr.103 (v.l. κατακράνιον).
German (Pape)
[Seite 1500] τό, der Form nach dim. von κρᾶνον, der Scheitel des Kopfes, nach Arist. H. A. 2, 75 τριχωτὸν κεφαλῆς μέρος; bei Hom. auch von Pferden, ὅθι τε πρῶται τρίχες ἵππων κρανίῳ ἐμπεφύασι Il. 8, 84; Pind. I. 3, 72; τὸ κρανίον παί. σας κατέαγα, die Hirnschale, Eur. Rhes. 679; Plat. Euthyd. 299 e Conv. 195 e; Sp., wie Lucill. 2 (XI, 258); der Kopf, Amphis bei Ath. VII, 295 d.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
κρᾱνίον: τό, (κάρα), τὸ ἀνώτατον μέρος τῆς κεφαλῆς, «κρανί», (κεφαλῆς τὸ τριχωτὸν μέρος Ἀριστ. π. τὰ Ζ. Ἱστ. 1. 7, 1), ἐπὶ ἵππων, ὅθι τε πρῶται τρίχες ἵππων κρανίῳ ἐμπεφύασι Ἰλ. Θ. 84· ἐπὶ ἀνδρῶν, Πινδ. Ι. 4. 92 (3. 72), Εὐρ. Κύκλ. 679, Κρατῖν. ἐν «Θρᾴτταις» 1, Πλάτ. Εὐθύδ. 299E, κτλ.· ― καθόλου, ἡ κεφαλή, Ἄμφις ἐν «Ἑπτὰ ἐπὶ Θήβας» 1.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (τό) :
crâne.
Étymologie: dim. (métaph.) de κράνος.
English (Slater)
κρᾱνῐον
1 skull Ἀνταίου δόμους προσπαλαίσων ἦλθ' ἀνὴρ τὰν πυροφόρον Λιβύαν, κρανίοις ὄφρα ξένων ναὸν Ποσειδάωνος ἐρέφοντα σχέθοι, υἱὸς Ἀλκμήνας (I. 4.54)
κρᾱνῐον
1 spring ]ἀλκὰν Ἀχελωίου κρανίον τοῦτο ζάθε[ον (Pae. 21.10)
Spanish
English (Strong)
diminutive of a derivative of the base of κέρας; a skull ("cranium"): Calvary, skull.
English (Thayer)
κρανίου, τό (diminutive of the noun κράνον (i. e. κάρα; Curtius, § 38)), a skull (Vulg. calvaria): Γολγοθᾶ. (Homer, Iliad 8,84; Pindar, Euripides, Plato, Lucian, Herodian)
Greek Monolingual
Greek Monotonic
κρᾱνίον: τό (κάρα), το πάνω μέρος του κεφαλιού, κρανίο, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ., Πίνδ., Ευρ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
κρᾱνίον: τό κάρη
1) верхняя часть головы, черепная крышка (ὅθι τε πρῶται τρίχες ἵππων κρανίῳ ἐμπεφύασι Hom.; κεφαλῆς τὸ τριχωτὸν μέρος κ. καλεῖται Arst.);
2) черепная коробка, череп (τὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς ὀστοῦν καλεῖται κ. Arst.; πίνειν ἐκ τῶν κρανίων κεχρυσωμένων Plat.);
3) (в Иерусалиме) лобное место, Голгофа (Γολγοθᾶ, ὅ ἐστι λεγόμενος κρανίου τόπος NT).
Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)
κρανίον -ου, τό [~ κάρα] schedel (van mensen en dieren). Kranion, Schedelplaats (in Jerusalem):. ὁ τόπος ὁ καλοῦμενος Κ. de plaats die Schedel heet (= Golgotha) NT Luc. 23.33.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: skull, brain-pan, also of the head in gen. (Θ 84 [Atticism?, Wackernagel Unt. 225, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 18, Shipp Studies 21], Pi. I. 4, 54, Att.).
Compounds: As 1. member in κρανιό-λειος bald-headed (Com. Adesp. 1050); not seldom as 2. member, esp. in medic. expressions, e.g. ὀπισθο-κράνιον occiput, ἐγ-κράνιον cerebellum (after ἐγ-κέφαλος), but also otherwise, e.g. βου-κράνιον oxhead (EM), also as plant-name (Ps.-Dsc., Gal., Strömberg Pflanzennamen 47). Adjectival hypostasis περι-κράνιος running around the skull (Plu., medic.).
Derivatives: Beside it, older and more usual, -κρανον, e.g ἐπί-κρανον capital, head-band (Pi., E., inscr.), ποτί-κρανον cushion (Sophr., Theoc.), ὀλέ-κρανον head of the elbow (Hp., Ar., Arist.), κιο(νό)-κρανον (s. κίων). Adj., e. g. βού-, ἐλαφό-, δί-, τρί-, χαλκεό-, ὀρθό-κρανος. Rarely as 1. member: κρανο-κοπέω cut off the head (pap.); on κρανο-κολάπτης s. κράνον. -- Denomin. verbs: κρανίξαι ἐπὶ κεφαλην ἀπορρῖψαι, κρηνιῶν καρηβαρῶν H.; hypostasis ἀποκρανίξαι tear from the head (AP), cut off the head (Eust.). The secondary formation κρανίον goes back on a nominal basis. We can better start directly from the oblique stem κραν-.
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] *ḱerh₂- head, horn
Etymology: Further see on κάρα and κέρας.
Middle Liddell
κρᾱνίον, ου, τό, κάρα
the upper part of the head, the skull, Il., Pind., Eur.