ὅσπερ: Difference between revisions
ἰσότης φιλότητα ἀπεργάζεται → equality leads to friendship
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|Definition=<b class="b3">ἥπερ, ὅπερ</b> (Ep. ὅπερ as masc., <span class="bibl">Il.7.114</span>, <span class="bibl">21.107</span>); gen.<b class="b3">οὗπερ</b>, Ep. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> οἷόπερ <span class="bibl">A.R.1.1325</span> ; in Ion. writers and in Poets the obl. cases are sts. borrowed from the Art., τόπερ <span class="bibl">Id.3.1098</span> ; τοῦπερ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 779</span> ; τῇπερ <span class="bibl">Il.24.603</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.30</span> ; τοίπερ <span class="bibl">Od.13.130</span> ; τάπερ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>418</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.16</span> ; τῶνπερ <span class="bibl">Il.13.638</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>974</span> ; on concord and constr. cf. ὅς <span class="bibl">B. 1.1</span>,2,4, <span class="bibl">11.1a</span>,3, IV. 4:—<b class="b2">the very man who, the very thing which</b>; freq. indistinguishable from simple <b class="b3">ὅς</b>, cf. ὅσος 111.4 : with words intervening between <b class="b3">ὅς</b> and περ, ὅς ῥ' ἔβαλέν περ <span class="bibl">Il.4.524</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.101</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> used after Adjs. of resemblance, ὡυτὸς ὅσπερ <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.42</span> ; ἐκ τῶν ἴσων... ὧνπερ αὐτὸς ἐξέφυ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1499</span> ; <b class="b3">ὅμοια ἔπραττον ἅπερ ἄν</b> . . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.4.34</span> ; <b class="b3">ὅρκια τάπερ τε</b> . . <b class="b2">the same as</b>... <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.74</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> special uses of cases, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ὅπερ</b>, [[wherefore]], <span class="bibl">D.S.13.18</span> codd. (s.v.l.); [[although]], <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>103.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἅπερ</b>, | |Definition=<b class="b3">ἥπερ, ὅπερ</b> (Ep. ὅπερ as masc., <span class="bibl">Il.7.114</span>, <span class="bibl">21.107</span>); gen.<b class="b3">οὗπερ</b>, Ep. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> οἷόπερ <span class="bibl">A.R.1.1325</span> ; in Ion. writers and in Poets the obl. cases are sts. borrowed from the Art., τόπερ <span class="bibl">Id.3.1098</span> ; τοῦπερ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 779</span> ; τῇπερ <span class="bibl">Il.24.603</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.30</span> ; τοίπερ <span class="bibl">Od.13.130</span> ; τάπερ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>418</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.16</span> ; τῶνπερ <span class="bibl">Il.13.638</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>974</span> ; on concord and constr. cf. ὅς <span class="bibl">B. 1.1</span>,2,4, <span class="bibl">11.1a</span>,3, IV. 4:—<b class="b2">the very man who, the very thing which</b>; freq. indistinguishable from simple <b class="b3">ὅς</b>, cf. ὅσος 111.4 : with words intervening between <b class="b3">ὅς</b> and περ, ὅς ῥ' ἔβαλέν περ <span class="bibl">Il.4.524</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.101</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> used after Adjs. of resemblance, ὡυτὸς ὅσπερ <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.42</span> ; ἐκ τῶν ἴσων... ὧνπερ αὐτὸς ἐξέφυ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1499</span> ; <b class="b3">ὅμοια ἔπραττον ἅπερ ἄν</b> . . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.4.34</span> ; <b class="b3">ὅρκια τάπερ τε</b> . . <b class="b2">the same as</b>... <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.74</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> special uses of cases, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ὅπερ</b>, [[wherefore]], <span class="bibl">D.S.13.18</span> codd. (s.v.l.); [[although]], <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>103.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἅπερ</b>, [[as]], [[like]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>381</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>131</span>, <span class="bibl">660</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>168</span> (anap., as v.l.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span> 175</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.1.18</span>, etc.; cf. [[καθάπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">οὗπερ</b>, v. [[ὅς]] A b. <span class="bibl">1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ᾗπερ</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">ᾇπερ</b>, <b class="b2">which way, where, whither</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.6.41</span>, <span class="bibl">12.33</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.5.10</span>, etc.; Ion. τῇπερ, ἔθαψαν . . τῇπερ ἔπεσε <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.30</span> ; also, [[as]], <span class="bibl">Il.7.286</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>440</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>364</span> ; ᾗπερ δή <span class="bibl">Il.9.310</span> ; ᾗπερ καί <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.8.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> in the Logic of Aristotle, <b class="b3">ὅπερ ἐστί</b>, or <b class="b3">ὅπερ</b> alone, has two senses : </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> non-technical, and unemphatic, [[what]] (a thing) [[is]], <b class="b3">ἑκάστη οὐσία τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, οὐ λέγεται μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον</b> each substance is called [[what]] it [[is]] without the difference of more or less, <span class="title">Cat.</span>3b36 ; <b class="b3">τὸ διπλάσιον τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, ἑτέρου λέγεται</b> the double is called [[what]] it [[is]] (viz. the double) of something, i.e. is relative, ib.6a39. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> expressing identity, <b class="b3">οὔτε ἡ χιὼν ὅ. λευκόν</b> snow is not [[what]] white [[is]], i.e. is not identical with white, <span class="title">Top.</span>120b23 ; <b class="b3">ὁ λευκὸς ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. χρῶμα</b> ib.116a27: hence, to indicate the [[precise]] or [[essential]] nature of a thing, <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἂν φαίη ὅ. κακόν τι εἶναι τὴν ἡδονήν</b> he would not say that pleasure is [[essentially]] something bad, <span class="title">EN</span>1153b6; <b class="b3">τὰ μὲν οὐσίαν σημαίνοντα ὅ. ἐκεῖνό ἢ ὅ. ἐκεῖνό τι σημαίνει</b> expressions which show the essence show <b class="b2">precisely what</b> the thing in question [[is]] or [[precisely]] of what kind it [[is]] (i.e. indicate either its species or its genus), <span class="title">APo.</span>83a24 ; <b class="b3">ὅ. <τόδε> τί ἐστι τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι</b> the essence of a thing <b class="b2">is precisely</b> a 'this', i.e. a fully specified particular, <span class="title">Metaph.</span>1030a3; <b class="b3">ἡ μὲν [ἐπιστήμη] ὅ. ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν</b> knowledge (that man is an animal) is apprehension that 'animal' is <b class="b2">an element in the essential nature</b> of man, <span class="title">APo.</span>89a35.</span> | ||
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Revision as of 10:05, 30 June 2020
English (LSJ)
ἥπερ, ὅπερ (Ep. ὅπερ as masc., Il.7.114, 21.107); gen.οὗπερ, Ep.
A οἷόπερ A.R.1.1325 ; in Ion. writers and in Poets the obl. cases are sts. borrowed from the Art., τόπερ Id.3.1098 ; τοῦπερ A.Pers. 779 ; τῇπερ Il.24.603, Hdt.1.30 ; τοίπερ Od.13.130 ; τάπερ A.Ch.418 (lyr.), Hdt.3.16 ; τῶνπερ Il.13.638, A.Ag.974 ; on concord and constr. cf. ὅς B. 1.1,2,4, 11.1a,3, IV. 4:—the very man who, the very thing which; freq. indistinguishable from simple ὅς, cf. ὅσος 111.4 : with words intervening between ὅς and περ, ὅς ῥ' ἔβαλέν περ Il.4.524, cf. 13.101, etc. 2 used after Adjs. of resemblance, ὡυτὸς ὅσπερ Hdt.8.42 ; ἐκ τῶν ἴσων... ὧνπερ αὐτὸς ἐξέφυ S.OT1499 ; ὅμοια ἔπραττον ἅπερ ἄν . . X.An.5.4.34 ; ὅρκια τάπερ τε . . the same as... Hdt.1.74. II special uses of cases, 1 ὅπερ, wherefore, D.S.13.18 codd. (s.v.l.); although, A.D.Pron.103.7. 2 ἅπερ, as, like, A.Ch.381 (lyr.), Eu.131, 660, S.Aj.168 (anap., as v.l.), OT 175 (lyr.), X.HG5.1.18, etc.; cf. καθάπερ. 3 οὗπερ, v. ὅς A b. 1. 4 ᾗπερ, Dor. ᾇπερ, which way, where, whither, Il.6.41, 12.33, X.An.6.5.10, etc.; Ion. τῇπερ, ἔθαψαν . . τῇπερ ἔπεσε Hdt.1.30 ; also, as, Il.7.286, A.Ch.440(lyr.), Ar.Ach.364 ; ᾗπερ δή Il.9.310 ; ᾗπερ καί X.Mem.3.8.2. 5 in the Logic of Aristotle, ὅπερ ἐστί, or ὅπερ alone, has two senses : a non-technical, and unemphatic, what (a thing) is, ἑκάστη οὐσία τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, οὐ λέγεται μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον each substance is called what it is without the difference of more or less, Cat.3b36 ; τὸ διπλάσιον τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, ἑτέρου λέγεται the double is called what it is (viz. the double) of something, i.e. is relative, ib.6a39. b expressing identity, οὔτε ἡ χιὼν ὅ. λευκόν snow is not what white is, i.e. is not identical with white, Top.120b23 ; ὁ λευκὸς ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. χρῶμα ib.116a27: hence, to indicate the precise or essential nature of a thing, οὐ γὰρ ἂν φαίη ὅ. κακόν τι εἶναι τὴν ἡδονήν he would not say that pleasure is essentially something bad, EN1153b6; τὰ μὲν οὐσίαν σημαίνοντα ὅ. ἐκεῖνό ἢ ὅ. ἐκεῖνό τι σημαίνει expressions which show the essence show precisely what the thing in question is or precisely of what kind it is (i.e. indicate either its species or its genus), APo.83a24 ; ὅ. <τόδε> τί ἐστι τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι the essence of a thing is precisely a 'this', i.e. a fully specified particular, Metaph.1030a3; ἡ μὲν [ἐπιστήμη] ὅ. ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν knowledge (that man is an animal) is apprehension that 'animal' is an element in the essential nature of man, APo.89a35.
German (Pape)
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ὅσπερ: ἥπερ, ὅπερ καὶ ὅπερ ὡς ἀρσ. (Ἰλ. Η. 114., Φ. 107, κτλ.)· γεν. οὗπερ, Ἐπικ. οἷόπερ Ἀπολλ. Ρόδ. Α. 1325· παρ’ Ἴωσι συγγραφεῦσι καὶ παρὰ ποιηταῖς αἱ πλάγιαι πτώσεις παραλαμβάνονται ἐκ τοῦ ἄρθρου, τόπερ ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Γ. 1098· τοῦπερ Αἰσχύλ. Πέρσ. 779· τῇπερ Ἰλ. Ω. 603, Ἡρόδ. 1. 30· τοῖπερ, Ὀδ. Ν. 130· τάπερ Ἡρόδ. 3. 18, Αἰσχύλ. Χο. 418· τῶνπερ Ἰλ. Ν. 638, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 974· - ἀκριβῶς ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ ὁποῖος, ἀκριβῶς τὸ πρᾶγμα τὸ ὁποῖον..· ἀλλ’ ὀλίγα μόνον παραδείγματα ὑπάρχουσιν ἐν οἷς τὸ προστιθέμενον μόριόν περ δύναται να ἑρμηνευθῇ καὶ καταστήσῃ τὴν ἀντωνυμίαν ὅσπερ διάφορον τῆς ἁπλῆς ὅς, πρβλ. ὅσος ΙΙΙ. 4· - ἄλλαι λέξεις δύνανται να παρεμβληθῶσι μεταξὺ τοῦ ὃς καὶ τοῦ περ, ὃς ῥ’ ἔβαλέν περ Ἰλ. Δ. 524, πρβλ. Ν. 101, κτλ. 2) ἐν χρήσει μετὰ τὰ ὁμοιωματικὰ ἐπίθετα, ωὑτὸς ὅσπερ Λατ. idem qui, Ἡρόδ. 8. 42· ἐκ τῶν ἴσων.., ὧνπερ αὐτὸς ἐξέφυ Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 1499· ὅμοια ἔπραττον ἅπερ.. Ξεν. πτώσεις τινὲς κεῖνται ἀπολύτως, 1) ὅπερ, διό, ὅθεν, ὡς τὸ διόπερ (ἴδε ἐν λ. διό), Διόδ. 13. 18: = καίπερ, Βεκκῆρ. εἰς Ἀπολλ. Δυσκ. π. Ἀντωνυμ. 390C. 2) ἅπερ, καθώς, ὡς τὸ καθάπερ (ἴδε ἐν λ.), Αἰσχύλ. Χο. 381, Εὐμ. 131. 3) οὗπερ, ἴδε ἐν λ. ὃς Α β. 1. 4) ᾗπερ, Δωρ.· ᾇπερ, ὅπου, πρὸς πόλιν ᾗ περ οἱ ἄλλοι ἀτυζόμενοι φοβέοντο Ἰλ. Ζ. 41, Μ. 33, Ξεν. κτλ.· Ἰων. τῇπερ, ἴδε ἀνωτέρω: - ὡσαύτως ὡς Ἰλ. Η. 286, Αἰσχύλ. Χο. 440, Ἀριστοφ. Ἀχ. 364· ᾗπερ δή, Ἰλ. Ι, 310· ᾗπερ καί, Ξεν. 5) ἐν τῇ λογικῇ τοῦ Ἀριστ. ὅπερ ἐστί, ἢ ὅπερ ἧν κεῖται εἰς δήλωσιν τῆς οὐσίας τῶν πραγμάτων, τοῦθ’ ὅπερ ἐστὶν Κατηγ. 5, 34., 7, 1, κ. ἀλλ.· ἤ, αὐτὸ ὅπερ ἐστὶν 8, 39, κ. ἀλλ.· - ἐντεῦθεν, ἡ ἐπιστήμη ὅπερ ἀνθρώπου ἐστὶν σημαίνει: ἡ ἐπιστ. εἶναι τὸ πρᾶγμα τὸ οὐσιωδῶς ἀνῆκον εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἀναλυτ. Ὑστ. 1. 33, 7· ὅπερ τὶ ἦν, ἐκεινο ὅπερ ἦν τί, δηλ. ἡ οὐσία ἢ ἀληθὴς φύσις, ὁ αὐτ. Μετὰ τὰ Φυσ. 6. 4, 9· οὕτως, ὅπερ ἐκεῖνο ἢ ὅπερ ἐκεῖνο τι, τὸ γένος ἢ τὸ εἶδος, ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἀναλυτ. Ὑστ. 1. 22, 4. κ. ἀλλ.· ὡσαύτως, ὡς τὸ τὸ ὅπερ ὁ αὐτ. Μετὰ τὰ Φυσ. 3. 4, 20.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ἥπερ, ὅπερ;
(celui, celle, ce) qui précisément, ou simpl. qui, lequel : ωὐτὸς ὅσπερ HDT le même qui ; de même ἴσος ὅσπερ SOPH;
adv.
1 acc. neutre • ὅπερ, à cause de quoi, justement, précisément pour cela;
2 gén. • οὗπερ (v. ὅς);
3 dat. fém. • ᾗπερ, dor. ᾇπερ, où, justement par laquelle voie, ou comme ; ᾗπερ δή IL, ᾗπερ καί XÉN comme précisément;
4 acc. pl. neutre • ἅπερ, comme ; • ἅπερ τε, m. sign.
Étymologie: ὅς, περ.
English (Autenrieth)
(ὅπερ, Il. 7.114), ἥπερ, ὅπερ: just who (which), who (which) however, Il. 2.286; adv., ᾗπερ, just where (whither), just as. See πέρ.
English (Slater)
ὅσπερ (ὅσπερ, οὗπερ, ὅνπερ; ἅπερ.) rel.,
1 which c. ind. Χάρις δ' ἅπερ ἅπαντα τεύχει τὰ μείλιχα θνατοῖς (O. 1.30) διά- πειρα · ἅπερ Κλυμένοιο παῖδα ἔλυσεν ἐξ ἀτιμίας (O. 4.19) τοῦ δὲ παῖς, ὅνπερ μόνον ἀθανάτα τίκτεν ἐν Φθίᾳ Θέτις (P. 3.100) λόγον φέρεις, τὸν ὅνπερ ποτ' Ὀικλέος παῖς αἰνίξατο (P. 8.39) πέποιθα ξενίᾳ προσανέι Θώρακος, ὅσπερ ἐμὰν ποιπνύων χάριν τόδ' ἔζευξεν ἅρμα Πιερίδων (P. 10.64) θεῷ . ὅσπερ καὶ Κινύραν ἔβρισε πλούτῳ ποντίᾳ ἔν ποτε Κύπρῳ (N. 8.18) om. antecedent, ἐξ οὗπερ (sc. χρόνου) ἔκτεινε Λᾷον μόριμος υἱὸς ever since (O. 2.38)
English (Strong)
from ὅς and περ; who especially: whomsoever.
Greek Monotonic
ὅσπερ: (Επικ. επίσης ὅ-περ), ἥ-περ, ὅ-περ· γεν. οὗπερ· στους Ίωνες συγγραφείς και ποιητές, το άρθρ., δανείζει τις πλάγιες πτώσεις, γεν. τοῦπερ, δοτ. τῇπερ, πληθ. τοίπερ, τάπερ, τῶνπερ·
I. ακριβώς ο άνθρωπος που, ακριβώς το πράγμα που, συχνά όμως απλώς αντί ὅς, σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.
II. 1. απόλ., ἅπερ, όπως, ως, όπως το καθάπερ (βλ. καθά), σε Αισχύλ.
2. ᾗπερ, με τον τρόπο που, όπου, που, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ., Ξεν. κ.λπ.· Ιων. τῇπερ· επίσης, ως, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ. κ.λπ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ὅσπερ: (эп. ὅπερ), ἥ-περ, ὅ-περ тж. раздельно (dat. m οἵπερ и τοίπερ, dat. f ᾖπερ и τῇπερ, gen. pl. ὧνπερ и τῶνπερ) тот самый, который именно, какой (или что) и: ἀφ᾽ οὗπερ (sc. χρόνου) Aesch. с того самого времени; ᾗπερ (sc. ὁδῷ) Hom., Plat. каким именно образом, (так же точно) как; ὡϋτὸς ὅ. ἐπ᾽ Ἀρτεμισίῳ Her. (наварх был) тот же, что и при Артемисии; πᾶν ὅπερ προσχρῄζετε Aesch. все, что вы желаете; ὧνπερ αὐτὸς ἐξέφυ Soph. (люди), от которых он сам же и произошел; μόνοι ὄντες ὅμοια ἔπραττον, ἅπερ ἂν μετ᾽ ἄλλων ὄντες Xen. будучи одни, они делали то же самое, что и на людях.
Middle Liddell
I. the very man who, the very thing which, but often simply for ὅς, Hom., etc.
II. absol. ἅπερ, as, like καθάπερ (v. καθά), Aesch.
2. ᾗπερ, which way, where, whither, Il., Xen., etc.; ionic τῇπερ; — also as, Il., etc.
Chinese
原文音譯:Ósper 何士-胚而
詞類次數:形容詞 代名詞(1)
原文字根:這(正如) -即使
字義溯源:尤其,無論是誰,照;由(ὅς / ὅσγε)*=那)與(περ)=多,果然)組成;而 (περ)出自(πέραν)=那邊), (πέραν)出自(πειράω)X*=刺)。註:和合本以 (ὅς / ὅσγε)代替 (ὅσπερ)
出現次數:總共(1);可(1)
譯字彙編:
1) 照(1) 可15:6