ὑπόθεσις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εως, ἡ, (ὑποτίθημι, ὑποτίθεμαι) <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[proposal]], [[proposed action]], τὴν ἐν φίλοις δικαιοτάτην ὑ. ἔχω ὑποτιθέναι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.5.13</span>; ἵνα σὺ τὰ σαυτοῦ κατὰ τὴν ὑ. ὅπως ἂν βούλῃ περαίνῃς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>454c</span>; [[intention]], [[policy]], πολλὰ πρᾶξαι πρὸς τὴν ὑ. τῆς πατρίδος ὡς συχνῆς ἀδικίας δεομένην <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>136</span>; διὰ τὴν ὑ. τῆς πολιτείας . . ἠναγκάζετο χρῆσθαι τοῖς ὑπουργοῦσι <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>51</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς ὑ. τινα ἀγαθῶν ἀνδρῶν</b> men good for a particular [[policy]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1293b4</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. τῆς δημοκρατικῆς πολιτείας ἐλευθερία</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1317a40</span>; <b class="b3">ἡμῖν ἡ τῶν νόμων ὑ. ἐνταῦθα ἔβλεπεν, ὅπως</b> . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>743c</span>; περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν οὐχ ὁμοίως ἅπασι βουλευτέον, ἀλλ' ὡς ἂν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἕκαστοι τοῦ βίου ποιήσωνται τὴν ὑ. <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.90</span>; τοῖς φαύλοις ἐνδέχεται τὰ τυχόντα πράττειν· εὐθὺς γὰρ τοῦ βίου τοιαύτην πεποίηνται τὴν ὑ. <span class="bibl">Id.1.48</span>; ἀνάγκη τοῖς περὶ ὅλων τῶν πραγμάτων καλὰς τὰς ὑ. πεποιημένοις καὶ τὰ μέρη τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ἔχειν ἐκείνοις <span class="bibl">Id.7.28</span>; πρὸς ταύτην τὴν ὑ. ἀποβλέποντες ἄμεινον βουλευσόμεθα καὶ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων <span class="bibl">Id.8.18</span>; ἐξέστητε τῆς ὑ. ἐφ' ἧς ὑμᾶς οἱ πρόγονοι κατέλιπον <span class="bibl">D.10.46</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ τῆς αὐτῆς ὑ. προεστῶτες</b> those who advocated the same [[policy]], <span class="bibl">Plb.30.32.12</span>; ἅπαντας ἀπονεύσειν ἐπ' ἐκείνην τὴν ὑ. <span class="bibl">Id.24.9.7</span>; <b class="b3">Ἀχαϊκωτέραν εἶναι . . ταύτην τὴν ὑ. καὶ νικητικωτέραν ἐν τοῖς πολλοῖς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4</span>; τὸ τῆς ἰδίας ὑ. λαμπρόν <span class="bibl">Id.21.23.1</span>; τὸ τῶν σαρισῶν μέγεθός ἐστι κατὰ μὲν τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑ. ἑκκαίδεκα πηχῶν, κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἁρμογὴν τὴν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν δεκατεττάρων <span class="bibl">Id.18.29.2</span>; τηροῦντες τὴν αὑτῶν ὑ. <span class="bibl">Id.5.5.5</span>; πρὸς ταύτην ἁρμοζόμενοι τὴν ὑ. <span class="bibl">Id.3.16.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.50.7</span>; <b class="b3">κατασκέψασθαι τὴν τῶν ὑπεναντίων ἐπίνοιαν καὶ τὴν ὅλην ὑ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">6</span>; Φάβιος . . κατὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑ. οὐδαμῶς κρίνων ἐκκυβεύειν οὐδὲ παραβάλλεσθαι τοῖς ὅλοις <span class="bibl">Id.3.94.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[suggestion]], [[advice]], ἐδώκαμεν ἄν σοι ὑποθέσεις δι' ὧν οἱ ἀντίδικοι ἂν οἴμωζον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMich.Zen.</span>57.7</span> (iii B. C.); διελέγοντο . . κατὰ τὰς ἐντολὰς τὰς Ἀράτου καὶ τὰς ὑ. <span class="bibl">Plb. 2.48.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.52.6</span>, <span class="bibl">4.24.2</span>; κροτηθείσης τῆς ὑ. <span class="bibl">Id.28.16.5</span>; <b class="b3">πολυτέχνους ὑ. ἔργων</b> elaborate [[proposals]] for works, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[purpose]], τῆς στρατηγίας ὑπόθεσιν τὴν τυραννίδα πεποιημένος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tim.</span>2</span>; λόγῳ μὲν ἀποδώσων... ἑτέραν δὲ τῆς ἀποδημίας ἔχων ὑ. λανθάνουσαν τοὺς πολλούς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mar.</span>31</span>; ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς αἰτίας τῆς τε ὑ. τοῦ πολέμου ἀξιολογώτατος ἀγὼν συνηνέχθη <span class="bibl">D.C.41.56</span>; ὑ. τοῦ πολέμου καὶ πρόφασιν διδόντων ἐλευθεροῦν τοὺς Ἕλληνας <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Flam.</span>15</span>; τὸ χωρὶς ὑποθέσεως πολεμεῖν . . τί ἄλλο ἢ μανία; <span class="bibl">D.Chr.38.17</span>; [οἱ ἐλέφαντες] ἴσασι τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς ἐπ' αὐτοὺς τὴν ὑ. . . εἶναι . . τοὺς ὀδόντας <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>6.56</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[occasion]], [[excuse]], [[pretext]], οὕτω γὰρ ἂν αὐτοῖς ἡ ἀπολογία προαναιροῖτο καὶ ἡ πρώτη ὑ. τῆς ἐθελοδουλείας <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Merc.Cond.</span>5</span>; <b class="b3">τοιαύτης αὐτοῖς τῆς ὑ. οὔσης</b> ib.<span class="bibl">10</span>; ἀεὶ χρὴ ἐπί τινι λυπεῖσθαι καὶ μὴ ἄνευ ὑ. Artem. <span class="bibl">2.60</span>; ὑ. ἀργυρισμοῦ καὶ φόνων εἰληφέναι ἐδόκει <span class="bibl">D.C.63.26</span>; μή με νομίσῃς ἀπὸ τῆς παρούσης ὑ. ἀπαρτᾶν τὸν λόγον <span class="bibl">Id.52.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> actor's [[role]], τοὺς ὑποκριτὰς . . οὓς ὁρῶμεν οὔτε κλαίοντας ἐν τοῖς θεάτροις, ὡς αὐτοὶ θέλουσιν, ἀλλ' ὡς ὁ ἀγὼν ἀπαιτεῖ πρὸς τὴν ὑ. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dem.</span>22</span>; ὶδεῖν τί μου ποιεῖ ὁ ἀθλητής, πῶς μελετᾷ τὴν ὑ. <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.29.38</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">41</span>; τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τῆς μητρὸς ὑ. λαβεῖν <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">VP</span>8.39</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">function, occupation, station in life</b>, [Διονύσιος] ἐκ σημοτικῆς καὶ ταπεινῆς ὑ. ὁρμηθείς <span class="bibl">Plb.15.35.2</span>; [Ἀγαθοκλῆς] ὁρμηθεὶς ἀπὸ τοιαύτης ὑ. <span class="bibl">Id.12.15.7</span>; τὸ μὴ εἶναι ἄλλην βίου ὑ. εἰς τὸ φιλοσοφεῖν οὕτως ἐπιτήδειον ὡς ταύτην ἐν ᾗ νῦν ὢν τυγχάνεις <span class="bibl">M.Ant.11.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.1</span>, Paul. Aeg.<span class="bibl">3.17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[practical problem]], κοινὴ ἡ ὑ. καὶ τῷ καθ' ἡμᾶς βίῳ πάνυ πολλή, βαλανείου κατασκευή <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>4</span>; ἡ μὲν οὖν ὑ. τοιαύτη <span class="bibl">Hero<span class="title">Aut.</span>21.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[subject proposed]] ([[to oneself or another]]) [[for discussion]], κελεῦσαι τὴν πρώτην ὑ. τοῦ πρώτου λόγου ἀναγνῶναι <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Prm.</span>127d</span>; ἐπὶ τὴν ὑ. ἐπανάγειν τὸν λόγον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.6.13</span>; ἐπὶ τὴν ὑ. πάλιν ἐπανελθεῖν <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.63</span>, cf. Gal.6.124; τὴν ὑ. περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθε οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες <span class="bibl">D.3.1</span>; τοὺς δικαστὰς ἀπαγαγὼν ἀπὸ τῆς ὑ. <span class="bibl">Id.19.242</span>; ἐπὶ τῆς ὑ. μεῖναι <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.76</span>; ἔξω τῆς ὑ. λέγειν <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.63</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12.161</span>; μὴ πόρρω λίαν τῆς ὑ. ἀποπλανηθῶ <span class="bibl">Id.7.77</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12.88</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 3.176</span>,190; ὅτ' ἔγραφον περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ὑ. <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.83</span>; περὶ [τῆς πόλεως] τὴν ὑ. ποιησάμενος <span class="bibl">Id.12.35</span>; τοῦ πράγματος ἐν κεφαλαίῳ . . δήλωσις, ἵνα γινώσκωσι περὶ ὧν ὁ λόγος παρακολουθῶσί τε τῇ ὑ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.Al.</span> 1436a36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Def.</span>415b</span>; ἡ ὑ. ἐλάττων <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1404b15</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς ὑπόθεσιν λέγειν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">πρὸς ἀμφισβητοῦντα</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">1391b13</span>; πολλὰ πρὸς τὴν ὑ. οἰκείως διαλεχθείς <span class="bibl">D.S.13.53</span>; [[haec erat]] <b class="b3">ὑ</b>., [[de gravitate ordinis]], etc., <span class="bibl">Cic.<span class="title">Att.</span>1.14.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">case at law, lawsuit</b>, γράφει ὁ Μαιίστας εἰς τὴν ὑ. ταύτην <span class="title">IG</span>11(4).1299.29 (Delos, iii B. C.), cf. <span class="title">OGI</span>665.18,669.41 (both Egypt, i A. D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>237 vii 34</span>,<span class="bibl"> viii 22</span> (ii A. D.), <span class="bibl">486.26</span> (ii A. D.); τὰ περὶ ταύτης τῆς ὑ. πεπραγμένα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLips.</span>34.18</span> (iv A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[subject]] of a poem or treatise, Zeno Stoic.1.23, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.2.1</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>3</span>, Longin. 38.2, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>42</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Charid.</span>14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pseudol.</span>5</span>, al.; of a picture, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Zeux.</span>5</span>,<span class="bibl">7</span>; of an impromptu declamation, ἐπειδὰν οἱ παρόντες ὑποβάλωσί τινας ὑ. καὶ ἀφορμὰς λόγου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span>18</span>; [[plot]], [[story]], μῦθοι καὶ ὑποθέσεις <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Po.</span>2.62</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.5</span>, al., Arg.Men.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>1235.113 (ii A. D.), Dicaearch. ap. <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>3.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Artem.4.59</span>, Sch.S.<span class="title">Aj.Prooem.</span>, Arg.Ar. <span class="title">Ach.</span> tit., etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[speech]], αἱ δικανικαὶ καὶ δημηγορικαὶ ὑ. <span class="bibl">Theon <span class="title">Prog.</span>1</span>; = [[ἐπίδειξις]] <span class="bibl">1.3</span>, <b class="b3">ἀρξαμένων</b> (v.l. [[-ῳ]]) τῆς ὑ. <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">4 Ma.</span>1.12</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνδρὸς ἀρετὰς ὅλην πληρούσας ὑ</b>. providing matter for a whole [[speech]], Chor.<span class="bibl">p.34B.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[speech]] or <b class="b2">subject of a speech in which the person, occasion, etc. are particularized</b>, opp. <b class="b3">θέσις</b> v. <span class="bibl">2</span>, <span class="bibl">Aphth.<span class="title">Prog.</span> 13</span>, cf. Quint.<span class="title">Inst.</span>3.5.7. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> a kind of [[play]] or [[pantomime]], μῖμοί τινές εἰσιν ὧν τοὺς μὲν ὑποθέσεις τοὺς δὲ παίγνια καλοῦσιν Plu.2.712e; <b class="b3">μιμολωγοι η υποθησις εικυρα</b> (i. e. <b class="b3">μιμολόγοι· ἡ ὑπόθεσις Ἑκυρά</b>), i. e. 'theatrical performance: [[play]], the Hecyra', <span class="title">Ath.Mitt.</span>26.4 (inscr. on lamp, iii B. C.); <b class="b3">κλάειν ἤρξαντο πάντες καὶ μετέβαλε τὸ συμπόσιον εἰς σκυθρωπὴν ὑ</b>. into a [[tragedy]], <span class="bibl">Charito 4.3</span>; so perh. in <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Nigr.</span>8</span>; of Aesop's [[fables]], χρῆται [τῇ ἀλώπεκι] ὁ Αἴσωπος διακόνῳ τῶν πλείστων ὑ. <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Im.</span>1.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[supposition]], ἢ βούλεσθε . . ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ ἄρξωμαι καὶ τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ ὑ., περὶ τοῦ ἑνὸς αὐτοῦ ὑποθέμενος, εἴτε ἕν ἐστιν εἴτε μὴ ἕν, τί χρὴ συμβαίνειν; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>137b</span>; <b class="b3">αὕτη ἡ ὑ., εἰ ἓν μὴ ἔστιν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">160b</span>; <b class="b3">χρὴ . . μὴ μόνον εἰ ἔστιν ἕκαστον ὑποτιθέμενον σκοπεῖν τὰ συμβαίνοντα ἐκ τῆς ὑ., ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰ μὴ ἔστι τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ὑποτίθεσθαι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">135e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">136a</span>; [<b class="b3">σκοπεῖν] τί ἐφ' ἑκατέρας τῆς ὑ. συμβήσεται</b> ib. <span class="bibl">136b</span>; εἰ ὀρθὴ ἡ ὑ. ἦν, τὸ ψυχὴν ἁρμονίαν εἶναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>94b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">92d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sph.</span>244c</span>; πρὸς μὲν τὴν ὑ. ὀρθῶς λέγουσιν, ὅλως δ' οὐκ ὀρθῶς <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Metaph.</span>1082b32</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξ ὑποθέσεως σκοπεῖσθαι</b> examine by starting from an [[assumption]], of reasoning by analysis in geometry, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span> 86e</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν τὴν τέχνην ζητεύντων ἐξ ὑποθέσιος λόγων</b> arguments seeking to derive the (medical) art from an [[assumption]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>13</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. αὐτοὶ αὑτοῖς ὑποθέμενοι τῷ λόγῳ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1</span>; <b class="b3">ἄγοντες ἐπὶ ὑπόθεσιν τὴν τέχνην</b> ib. <span class="bibl">15</span>; χρῆσιν ἀρετῆς τελείαν, καὶ ταύτην οὐκ ἐξ ὑ. ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς· λέγω δ' ἐξ ὑ. τἀναγκαῖα, οἷον . . τιμωρίαι καὶ κολάσεις . . τὸ καλῶς ἀναγκαίως ἔχουσι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1332810</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ πολιτεία ἡ ἐξ ὑ.</b>( = [[ἡ δοθεῖσα]]) the constitution based on a [[presupposition]], ib. <span class="bibl">1288b28</span>; of currency, <b class="b3">ἓν δή τι δεῖ εἶναι, τοῦτο δ' ἐξ ὑ.· διὸ νόμισμα καλεῖται</b> according to a [[presupposed convention]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">EN</span>1133b21</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">a29</span>-<span class="bibl">31</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">APr.</span>41a40</span>); of reductio ad impossibile, ἢ δεικτικῶς ἢ ἐξ ὑ. τοῦ δ' ἐξ ὑ. μέρος τὸ διὰ τοῦ ἀδυνάτου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">APr.</span>40b25</span>-<span class="bibl">6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">41a25</span>; δυνατοῦ δεξάμενον ὑπόθεσιν ἐπ' ἀδύνατον ἀπαχθῆναι <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.7.25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">in Euc.</span>pp.76,252</span> F.; <b class="b3">καθ' ὑπόθεσιν</b> by way of <b class="b2">supposition, 'let us suppose'</b>, Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span> 1.95 S., <span class="title">Sign.</span>12, <span class="bibl">Cleom.1.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> = [[τὸ ὑποκείμενον]] (cf. ὑπόκειμαι <span class="bibl">11.8</span>), the [[presupposition]] of an action, [[that which has been settled]] before it begins, περὶ τοῦ τέλους οὐθεὶς βουλεύεται, ἀλλὰ τοῦτ' ἐστὶν ἀρχὴ καὶ ὑ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EE</span>1227a8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">b30</span>; τῶν πράξεων τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ὑ. ἀληθεῖς καὶ δικαίας εἶναι προσήκει <span class="bibl">D.2.10</span>; of a thing, [[that without which it cannot exist]] or [[be what it is]], its [[essence]], <b class="b3">αὕτη</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τὸ στέλεχος</b>) οἷον ὑ. καὶ φύσις δένδρων <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>4.13.4</span> (cf. <b class="b3">οὐσία καὶ φύσις τοῦ δένδρου</b> ibid.); ἐπὶ τοῖς χυμοῖς μόνοις σηπομένοις ἔχοντος τὴν ὑ. ὅλου τοῦ νοσήματος, ὅπερ ἐστὶ πυρετώδους ὄντος Gal.18(2).299. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in the syllogism, the [[preliminary statements of fact]] (whether proved or not) from which inference starts, i. e. the premisses (προτάσεις) <b class="b3">, τῶν ἀποδείξεων αἱ ὑ</b>., equivalent to <b class="b3">ἀρχαί</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1013a16</span>; αἱ ἀρχαὶ καὶ αἱ λεγόμεναι ὑ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">APo.</span>81b15</span>; <b class="b3">ὅσα δέδεικται δι' ἐκείνων ὑποθέσεις ποιησάμενοι</b> taking as [[premisses]] (here) what has been proved in those other works, Gal.6.7, cf. 25,224; <b class="b3">ἴστω . . τῆς ὑγιεινῆς πραγματείας ἀνατρέπων τὴν ὑ</b>. ib.17; ὑπόθεσιν, αἴτησιν οὖσαν πράγματος εἰς κατασκευήν τινος <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>3.4</span>; λαμβάνειν ἀναποδείκτους ὑ. Plu.2.720f, cf. 721d; ἀναγκαῖον ἢ τὰς ὑ. εἶναι τὰς πρώτας ψευδεῖς, ἢ τὰς ὑπὲρ τῶν συμβαινόντων ἀποφάς εις <span class="bibl">Plb.1.15.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[assumption of existence]] of any one of the fundamental objects of a particular science, ὁ ὁρισμὸς θέσις μέν ἐστι . . ὑ. δ' οὐκ ἔστι· τὸ γὰρ τί ἐστι μονὰς καὶ τὸ εἶναι μονάδα οὐ ταὐτόν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>72a23</span>; ἐν ταῖς πράξεσι τὸ οὗ ἕνεκα ἀρχή, ὥσπερ ἐν τοῖς μαθηματικοῖς αἱ ὑ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">EN</span>1151a17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[starting-point]], ἐκ ταύτης τῆς ὑ. λαβεῖν τὸν λόγον τὴν εἰς ἑκάτερον μέρος ὁρμήν <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">VP</span>27.130</span>; [[beginning]], <b class="b3">τὰς μὲν ἐλπίδας οὐ τελειοῖ</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ὁ ὄνειρος</b>) <b class="b3">, τὰς δὲ ὑ. τῶν πραγμάτων ταῖς περιοχαῖς ὁμοίας ποιεῖ</b> (referring to a birth of twins which died), <span class="bibl">Artem.4.47</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[raw material]], τὴν δοθεῖσαν ὑ. εὐφυᾶ πρὸς ὑποδοχὴν γυμναστικῆς . . ἀμείνω ἀποφαίνειν Luc.<span class="title">Hist. Conscr.</span>35; οἵαν ὕλην καὶ ὑ. φεύγεις· . . μένε οὖν μέχρι ἐξοικειώσῃς σαυτῷ καὶ ταῦτα <span class="bibl">M.Ant.10.31</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> [[mortgage]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>97.1</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> [[placing under]], πτύγματος <span class="bibl">Sor.1.70a</span>; προσκεφαλαίου <span class="bibl">Id.2.86</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">thing placed under, base</b>, <b class="b3">τὰς ὑ</b>. (signf. <span class="bibl">111</span>) ποιούμενος οὐκ ἀρχὰς ἀλλὰ τῷ ὄντι ὑ., οἷον ἐπιβάσεις τε καὶ ὁρμάς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>511b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.7.22</span>; in <span class="bibl">D.2.10</span> (v. supr. IV. 1) the <b class="b3">ἀρχαί</b> and <b class="b3">ὑποθέσεις</b> (i. e. basic principles) of actions are compared to the foundations (τὰ κάτωθεν) of a house or a ship; Τριπτόλεμος . . τὰς πρώτας ὑ. βαλόμενος τῇ πόλει <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>11.52</span>.</span>