ἐπίορκος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ον, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[sworn falsely]], of oaths, εἰ δέ τι τῶνδ' ἐπίορκον <span class="bibl">Il. 19.264</span>: freq. in the phrase <b class="b3">ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσαι</b> take [[a false oath]], swear [[falsely]], <span class="bibl">3.279</span>,<span class="bibl">19.260</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>282</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>232</span>; in full, <b class="b3">ἐπίορκον ὅρκον</b> ὤμοσε <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>150</span>; and so <b class="b3">ἐ. ἐπομνύναι</b> (v. <b class="b3">ἐπόμνυμι</b>); but in <span class="bibl">Il.10.332</span> <b class="b3">ἐ. ἐπώμοσε</b> he swore [[a bootless oath]], i.e. one which he meant to fulfil, but the gods willed otherwise. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span>. of persons, [[forsworn]], [[perjured]], <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>804</span>, <span class="title">Schwyzer</span>179a (Crete), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>1355</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 399</span>,al.: Sup.-ότατος <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.48</span>. Adv.-κως <span class="bibl">Hdn.6.9.2</span>.</span>

|etymtx=-ον Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]<br />Etymology: As the verb <b class="b3">ἐπιορκέω</b> [[braek an oath]] is frwquent, it is obvious, to consider with Strömberg Prefix Studies 86ff. much rarer <b class="b3">ἐπίορκος</b> [[braeking the oath]] as a backformation from the verb. <b class="b3">ἐπιορκέω</b> comes directly from <b class="b3">ὅρκος</b> with <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b> like <b class="b3">ἐπιθυμέω</b> from <b class="b3">θυμός</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπιχειρέω</b> from <b class="b3">χείρ</b> etc.; <b class="b3">ἐπιορκέω</b> then is prop. [[acte against the oeath]] (opposie <b class="b3">εὑορκέω</b> [[keep the oath]] from <b class="b3">εὔορκος</b> [since Hes.]); on the maintenance of the <b class="b3">-ι-</b> Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 237. - Diff. Leumann Hom. Wörter 79ff. (with discussion): the expression <b class="b3">ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσαι</b> [[perjure oneself]] (from where <b class="b3">ἐπιορκέω</b>) would be due to a false analysis of ep. <b class="b3">ἐπὶ ὅρκον ὀμόσσαι</b> [[make an oathe on it]]; against this view W. Luther Weltansicht und Geistesleben (Göttingen 1954) 86ff. with another explanation; s. alsi Fraenkel Gnomon 23, 373 and Bolling AmJPh 76, 306ff., who with Schwyzer IF 45, 255 start from (<b class="b3">ὁ</b>) <b class="b3">ἐπὶ ὅρκῳ</b> (<b class="b3">βάς</b>). Leumann 88 too is inclined to see <b class="b3">ἐπίορκος</b> as a backformation from <b class="b3">ἐπιορκέω</b>.<br />See also: s. <b class="b3">ὅρκος</b>