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ὀδοῦσι καὶ ὄνυξι καὶ πάσῃ μηχανῇ → tooth and nail | tooth, fang, and claw | in every possible way | by hook or by crook

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|Definition=Dor. and Boeot. γα, enclitic Particle, giving emphasis to the word or words which it follows. <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> with single words, <b class="b2">at least, at any rate</b>, but often only to be rendered by italics in writing, or emphasis in pronunciation: <b class="b3">τὸ γὰρ . . σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν</b> such is the power of <b class="b2">iron</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.393</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ που πτωχῶν γε θεοὶ . . εἰσίν</b> if the poor <b class="b2">have</b> any gods to care for them, <span class="bibl">17.475</span>; μάλιστά γε <span class="bibl">4.366</span>; <b class="b3">ὅ γ' ἐνθάδε λεώς</b> <b class="b2">at any rate</b> the people here, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>42</span>, etc.: with negs., <b class="b3">οὐ δύο γε</b> not <b class="b2">even</b> two, <span class="bibl">Il.5.303</span>, <span class="bibl">20.286</span>; <b class="b3">οὔκουν φθόγγος γε</b> not <b class="b2">the least</b> sound, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> with Pronouns: with Pron. of 1st Pers. so closely joined, that the accent is changed, in <b class="b3">ἔγωγε, ἔμοιγε</b> (also <b class="b3">ἔγωγα</b> Lacon., but <b class="b3">ἐγώνγα, ἰώνγα</b> Boeot.): in Hom. freq. with Art. used as Pron., v. [[ὅ γε]]: with demonstr. Pronouns, <b class="b3">κεῖνός γε, τοῦτό γε</b>, etc.: in Com. coalescing with <b class="b3">-ί</b> final, αὑτηγί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>784</span>; <b class="b3">τουτογί, ταυταγί</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>781</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>1057</span>, etc. (but ἐνγεταυθί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>646</span>): after possess. Pronouns, ἐμόν γε θυμόν <span class="bibl">Il.20.425</span>, etc.: freq. after relat. Pronouns, <b class="b3">ὅς γε, οἵ γε</b>, etc., οἵ γέ σου καθύβρισαν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1364</span>; ὅς γ' ἐξέλυσας δασμόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>35</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὅσον γε χρῄζεις</b> <b class="b2">even</b> as much as... ib.<span class="bibl">365</span>; οἷόν γέ μοι φαίνεται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>329a</span>: rarely with interrog. Pronouns, τίνα γε . . εἶπας <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>241</span>; ποίου γε τούτου πλήν γ' Ὀδυσσέως ἐρεῖς <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>441</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> after Conjunctions, to emphasize the modification or condition introduced by the subjoined clause, <b class="b3">πρίν γε</b>, before <b class="b2">at least</b>, sts. repeated, οὐ μὲν . . ὀΐω πρίν γ' ἀποπαύσεσθαι, πρίν γε . . αἵματος ἆσαι Ἀρῆα <span class="bibl">Il.5.288</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.2.127</span>; <b class="b3">πρὶν ἄν γε</b> or <b class="b3">πρίν γ' ἄν</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>961</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>78</span>, etc.; ὅτε γε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>84e</span>; ὁπότε γε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1699</span>; ἐπεί γε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.9</span>; ἐπειδή γε <span class="bibl">Th.6.18</span>; ὅπου γε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.3.11</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ γε, ἐάν γε</b>, if <b class="b2">that is to say</b>, if <b class="b2">really</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.18</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>25</span>&lt;*&gt;c; also simply to lay stress on the condition, <b class="b3">κἄν γε μὴ λέγω</b> and <b class="b2">if</b> I do not... <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>317</span>; <b class="b3">εἴπερ γε</b> if <b class="b2">at any rate</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.16</span>.<b class="b3">γ</b>, <span class="bibl">143</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὥστε γε</b> (v.l. [[ὥς γε]]), with inf., so far <b class="b2">at least</b> as to... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>230b</span>; ὥς γ' ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>801</span>; <b class="b3">ὥς γε</b> or <b class="b3">ὥσπερ γε</b> as <b class="b2">at least</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>570</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>715</span>, etc.:—γε may follow τε, when τε is closely attached to the preceding word, ὡς οἷόν τέ γε μάλιστα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.5.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>412b</span>; ἐάντε γε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>293d</span>; οἵ τέ γε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 454e</span>:—for its use in opposed or disjunctive clauses, v. infr. <span class="bibl">11.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> after other Particles, <b class="b3">καὶ μὴν . . γε, οὐ μὴν . . γε</b>, with words intervening, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.4.12</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>518</span>, etc.; after <b class="b3">ἄν</b> in apodosi, when preceded by <b class="b3">οὐ</b> or <b class="b3">καί</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1215</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>784</span>; <b class="b3">ἄταρ . . γε</b> but <b class="b2">yet</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span> 448</span>; <b class="b3">καίτοι γε</b>, v. [[καί τοι; ἀλλά γε]] (without intervening words) is f.l. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>287b</span> (leg. <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἄγε</b>), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>331b</span> (<b class="b3">ἀλλά γε ἕν</b> codd., ἀλλὰ ἕν γε Stob.); <b class="b3">ἀλλά γε δή</b> dub. in Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>262a; later, Plu.2.394c, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>10.49</span> codd.: but, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> when preceding other Particles, γε commonly refers to the preceding word, while the Particle retains its own force: but sts. modifies the sense of the following Particle, <b class="b3">γε μήν</b> <b class="b2">nevertheless</b>, πάντως γε μήν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>232</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>754</span>, X., etc.; Ep. and Ion. γε μέν <span class="bibl">Il.2.703</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.195</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.152</span>; γε μὲν δή <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 661</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>484</span>; γε μέντοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>164a</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.9</span>, etc.: <b class="b3">γε δή</b> freq. strengthens an assertion, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>42</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.62</span>, etc.; οἰόμεθά γε δή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>275a</span> (cf. also <span class="bibl">11.1</span>); <b class="b3">γέ τοι</b>, implying that the assertion is <b class="b2">the least</b> that one can say, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>934</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>424</span>,<span class="bibl">1041</span>, etc.; γέ τοι <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>447b</span>; γέ τοι δή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1171</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>264b</span>; γέ τοί που <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 888e</span>; γε δήπου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>94a</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γέ που</b> <b class="b2">at all events, any how</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ach.</span>896</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>607d</span>, <span class="bibl">478a</span>, etc.; for <b class="b3">γε οὖν</b>, v. [[γοῦν]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> exercising an influence over the whole clause: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> epexegetic, <b class="b2">namely, that is</b>, <b class="b3">Διός γε διδόντος</b> <b class="b2">that is</b> if God grant it, <span class="bibl">Od.1.390</span>; <b class="b3">κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον... εἰ ἐτεόν γε σός εἰμι</b> if <b class="b2">indeed</b> I am really thine, <span class="bibl">9.529</span>: hence to limit, strengthen or amplify a general assertion, <b class="b3">ἀνὴρ . . ὅστις πινυτός γε</b> any man—<b class="b2">at least</b> any wise man, <span class="bibl">1.229</span>; freq. preceded by <b class="b3">καί</b>, usu. with words intervening, <b class="b3">ἦ μὴν κελεύσω κἀπιθωΰξω γε πρός</b> <b class="b2">ay and</b> besi &lt;*&gt;es that... <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>73</span>; <b class="b3">παρῆσάν τινες καὶ πολλοί γε</b> some, <b class="b2">ay and</b> a great many, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>58d</span>; καὶ γελοίως γε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>531a</span>; freq. with the last term in an enumeration, ταύτῃ ἄρα . . πρακτέον καὶ γυμναστέον καὶ ἐδεστέον γε καὶ ποτέον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cri.</span> 47b</span>; ὄψεις τε καὶ ἀκοαὶ καὶ . . καὶ ἡδοναί γε δή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>156b</span>; repeated, συνήγαγόν μοι καί γε ἀργύριον καί γε χρυσίον <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ec.</span>2.8</span>; rarely without intervening words, καί γε ὁ θάνατος διὰ τὴν μοίρην ἔλαχεν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Septim.</span>9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.11.7</span> codd.; καί γε . . ἐκχεῶ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>2.18</span>: hence, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in dialogue, in answers where something is added to the statement of the previous speaker, as <b class="b3">ἔπεμψέ τίς σοι . . κρέα</b><b class="b2">;</b> Answ. <b class="b3">καλῶς γε ποιῶν</b> <b class="b2">yes and</b> quite right too, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1049</span>; <b class="b3">κενὸν τόδ' ἄγγος, ἢ στέγει τι</b><b class="b2">;</b> Answ. <b class="b3">σά γ' ἔνδυτα</b> . . <b class="b2">yes indeed</b>, your clothes, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1412</span>; <b class="b3">οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα δηχθείη πόσις</b>. Answ. <b class="b3">σὺ δ' ἂν γένοιο γ' ἀθλιωτάτη γυνή</b> <b class="b2">yes truly</b>, and you... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Med.</span>817</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 680</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πάνυ γε</b> <b class="b2">yes</b> certainly, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>8e</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὕτω γέ πως</b> <b class="b2">yes</b> somehowso, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>165c</span>; sts. preceded by <b class="b3">καί, καὶ οὐδέν γ' ἄτοπον</b> <b class="b2">yes</b> and no wonder, ib.<span class="bibl">142b</span>, cf. d, <span class="bibl">147e</span>; sts. ironically, εὖ γε κηδεύεις πόλιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1212</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> to heighten a contrast or opposition, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">a</span> after conditional clauses, <b class="b3">εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γ'... τῷ κε Ποσειδάων γε</b> . . if <b class="b2">you</b> do so, then <b class="b2">at all events</b> Poseidon will... <span class="bibl">Il.15.49</span> sq.; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ πρὸς τοῦτο σιωπᾶν ἥδιόν σοι . . τόδε γε εἰπέ</b> <b class="b2">at any rate</b> tell me this, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 5.5.20</span>; εἰ μὴ τὸ ὅλον, μέρος γ' ἐπιβάλλει <span class="bibl">D.18.272</span>:—sts. in the protasis, <b class="b3">εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἑκόντες γε . . ἀλλ' ἀέκοντας</b> . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.120</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in disjunctive sentences to emphasize an alternative, <b class="b3">ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε . . δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι ἢ σέ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.1.11</span>; ἤτοι κρίνομέν γε ἢ ἐνθυμούμεθα ὀρθῶς τὰ πράγματα <span class="bibl">Th.2.40</span>; πατὴρ δ' ἐμός . . ζώει ὅ γ' ἢ τέθνηκε <span class="bibl">Od.2.131</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.10.504</span>: also in the second clause, εἰπέ μοι, ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι ἤ σέ γε λαοὶ ἐχθαίρουσι <span class="bibl">Od.3.214</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.10</span>.<b class="b3">θ</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1098</span> sq. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in exclamations, etc., <b class="b3">ὥς γε μή ποτ' ὤφελον λαβεῖν</b> dub. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>70</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>977</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1003</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>93</span>,<span class="bibl">836</span>, etc.; in oaths, <b class="b3">οὔτοι μὰ τὴν Δήμητρά γ'</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>698</span>; μὰ τὸν Ποσειδῶ γ' οὐδέποτ' <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ec.</span>748</span>; καὶ ναὶ μὰ Δία γε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ap.</span>20</span>; καὶ νὴ Δία γε <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1350</span>, <span class="bibl">D.Chr.17.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Merc.Cond.</span>28</span>, <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>11.59</span>, etc.: with words intervening, <b class="b3">καὶ νὴ Δί', ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἕτεροί γε</b> . . <span class="bibl">D.13.16</span>; νὴ Δία, ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι, ὥρα γε ὑμῖν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.1.37</span>; merely in strong assertions, <b class="b3">τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτο; ἄφρων δὴ κεῖνός γέ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Od.8.209</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> implying concession, <b class="b3">εἶμί γε</b> <b class="b2">well then</b> I will go (in apodosi), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>861</span>; δρᾶ γ' εἴ τι δράσεις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">IA</span>817</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Andr.</span>239</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> γε freq. repeated in protasis and apodosis, as <b class="b3">πρίν γε... πρίν γε</b>, v. supr.<span class="bibl">1.3</span>; εἰ μή γε . . τινὶ μείζονι, τῇ γε παρούσῃ ἀτιμίᾳ <span class="bibl">Lys.31.29</span>; even in the same clause, οὐδέν γ' ἄλλο πλήν γε καρκίνους <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1507</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.187</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>554</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>335b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>502a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> POSITION: γε normally follows the word which it limits; but is freq. placed immediately after the Article, as ὅ γε πόλεμος <span class="bibl">Th.1.66</span>, etc.; or the Prep., κατά γε τὸν σὸν λόγον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.15</span>; ἔν γε ταῖς Θήβαις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1380</span>; or δέ, νῦν δέ γε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>144e</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ δέ γε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">164b</span>; δοῖμεν δέ γέ που ἄν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>607d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>94a</span>, etc.; freq. in retorts, <b class="b3">ἁμές ποκ' ἦμες ἄλκιμοι νεανίαι</b>. Answ. ἁμὲς δέ γ' εἰμές <span class="title">Carm.Pop.</span>18; <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' ὅτι λέγεις</b>. Answ. ἡ γραῦς δέ γε οἶδ', ὡς ἐγῷμαι <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>577</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1031</span>, etc.</span>
|Definition=Dor. and Boeot. γα, enclitic Particle, giving emphasis to the word or words which it follows. <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> with single words, <b class="b2">at least, at any rate</b>, but often only to be rendered by italics in writing, or emphasis in pronunciation: <b class="b3">τὸ γὰρ . . σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν</b> such is the power of <b class="b2">iron</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.393</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ που πτωχῶν γε θεοὶ . . εἰσίν</b> if the poor <b class="b2">have</b> any gods to care for them, <span class="bibl">17.475</span>; μάλιστά γε <span class="bibl">4.366</span>; <b class="b3">ὅ γ' ἐνθάδε λεώς</b> <b class="b2">at any rate</b> the people here, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>42</span>, etc.: with negs., <b class="b3">οὐ δύο γε</b> not <b class="b2">even</b> two, <span class="bibl">Il.5.303</span>, <span class="bibl">20.286</span>; <b class="b3">οὔκουν φθόγγος γε</b> not <b class="b2">the least</b> sound, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> with Pronouns: with Pron. of 1st Pers. so closely joined, that the accent is changed, in <b class="b3">ἔγωγε, ἔμοιγε</b> (also <b class="b3">ἔγωγα</b> Lacon., but <b class="b3">ἐγώνγα, ἰώνγα</b> Boeot.): in Hom. freq. with Art. used as Pron., v. [[ὅ γε]]: with demonstr. Pronouns, <b class="b3">κεῖνός γε, τοῦτό γε</b>, etc.: in Com. coalescing with <b class="b3">-ί</b> final, αὑτηγί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>784</span>; <b class="b3">τουτογί, ταυταγί</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>781</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>1057</span>, etc. (but ἐνγεταυθί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>646</span>): after possess. Pronouns, ἐμόν γε θυμόν <span class="bibl">Il.20.425</span>, etc.: freq. after relat. Pronouns, <b class="b3">ὅς γε, οἵ γε</b>, etc., οἵ γέ σου καθύβρισαν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1364</span>; ὅς γ' ἐξέλυσας δασμόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>35</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὅσον γε χρῄζεις</b> <b class="b2">even</b> as much as... ib.<span class="bibl">365</span>; οἷόν γέ μοι φαίνεται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>329a</span>: rarely with interrog. Pronouns, τίνα γε . . εἶπας <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>241</span>; ποίου γε τούτου πλήν γ' Ὀδυσσέως ἐρεῖς <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>441</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> after Conjunctions, to emphasize the modification or condition introduced by the subjoined clause, <b class="b3">πρίν γε</b>, before <b class="b2">at least</b>, sts. repeated, οὐ μὲν . . ὀΐω πρίν γ' ἀποπαύσεσθαι, πρίν γε . . αἵματος ἆσαι Ἀρῆα <span class="bibl">Il.5.288</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.2.127</span>; <b class="b3">πρὶν ἄν γε</b> or <b class="b3">πρίν γ' ἄν</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>961</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>78</span>, etc.; ὅτε γε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>84e</span>; ὁπότε γε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1699</span>; ἐπεί γε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.9</span>; ἐπειδή γε <span class="bibl">Th.6.18</span>; ὅπου γε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.3.11</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ γε, ἐάν γε</b>, if <b class="b2">that is to say</b>, if <b class="b2">really</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.18</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>25</span>&lt;*&gt;c; also simply to lay stress on the condition, <b class="b3">κἄν γε μὴ λέγω</b> and <b class="b2">if</b> I do not... <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>317</span>; <b class="b3">εἴπερ γε</b> if <b class="b2">at any rate</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.16</span>.<b class="b3">γ</b>, <span class="bibl">143</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὥστε γε</b> (v.l. [[ὥς γε]]), with inf., so far <b class="b2">at least</b> as to... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>230b</span>; ὥς γ' ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>801</span>; <b class="b3">ὥς γε</b> or <b class="b3">ὥσπερ γε</b> as <b class="b2">at least</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>570</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>715</span>, etc.:—γε may follow τε, when τε is closely attached to the preceding word, ὡς οἷόν τέ γε μάλιστα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.5.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>412b</span>; ἐάντε γε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>293d</span>; οἵ τέ γε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 454e</span>:—for its use in opposed or disjunctive clauses, v. infr. <span class="bibl">11.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> after other Particles, <b class="b3">καὶ μὴν . . γε, οὐ μὴν . . γε</b>, with words intervening, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.4.12</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>518</span>, etc.; after <b class="b3">ἄν</b> in apodosi, when preceded by <b class="b3">οὐ</b> or <b class="b3">καί</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1215</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>784</span>; <b class="b3">ἄταρ . . γε</b> but <b class="b2">yet</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span> 448</span>; <b class="b3">καίτοι γε</b>, v. [[καί τοι; ἀλλά γε]] (without intervening words) is f.l. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>287b</span> (leg. <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἄγε</b>), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>331b</span> (<b class="b3">ἀλλά γε ἕν</b> codd., ἀλλὰ ἕν γε Stob.); <b class="b3">ἀλλά γε δή</b> dub. in Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>262a; later, Plu.2.394c, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>10.49</span> codd.: but, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> when preceding other Particles, γε commonly refers to the preceding word, while the Particle retains its own force: but sts. modifies the sense of the following Particle, <b class="b3">γε μήν</b> <b class="b2">nevertheless</b>, πάντως γε μήν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>232</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>754</span>, X., etc.; Ep. and Ion. γε μέν <span class="bibl">Il.2.703</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.195</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.152</span>; γε μὲν δή <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 661</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>484</span>; γε μέντοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>164a</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.9</span>, etc.: <b class="b3">γε δή</b> freq. strengthens an assertion, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>42</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.62</span>, etc.; οἰόμεθά γε δή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>275a</span> (cf. also <span class="bibl">11.1</span>); <b class="b3">γέ τοι</b>, implying that the assertion is <b class="b2">the least</b> that one can say, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>934</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>424</span>,<span class="bibl">1041</span>, etc.; γέ τοι <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>447b</span>; γέ τοι δή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1171</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>264b</span>; γέ τοί που <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 888e</span>; γε δήπου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>94a</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γέ που</b> <b class="b2">at all events, any how</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ach.</span>896</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>607d</span>, <span class="bibl">478a</span>, etc.; for <b class="b3">γε οὖν</b>, v. [[γοῦν]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> exercising an influence over the whole clause: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> epexegetic, <b class="b2">namely, that is</b>, <b class="b3">Διός γε διδόντος</b> <b class="b2">that is</b> if God grant it, <span class="bibl">Od.1.390</span>; <b class="b3">κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον... εἰ ἐτεόν γε σός εἰμι</b> if <b class="b2">indeed</b> I am really thine, <span class="bibl">9.529</span>: hence to limit, strengthen or amplify a general assertion, <b class="b3">ἀνὴρ . . ὅστις πινυτός γε</b> any man—<b class="b2">at least</b> any wise man, <span class="bibl">1.229</span>; freq. preceded by <b class="b3">καί</b>, usu. with words intervening, <b class="b3">ἦ μὴν κελεύσω κἀπιθωΰξω γε πρός</b> <b class="b2">ay and</b> besi &lt;*&gt;es that... <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>73</span>; <b class="b3">παρῆσάν τινες καὶ πολλοί γε</b> some, <b class="b2">ay and</b> a great many, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>58d</span>; καὶ γελοίως γε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>531a</span>; freq. with the last term in an enumeration, ταύτῃ ἄρα . . πρακτέον καὶ γυμναστέον καὶ ἐδεστέον γε καὶ ποτέον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cri.</span> 47b</span>; ὄψεις τε καὶ ἀκοαὶ καὶ . . καὶ ἡδοναί γε δή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>156b</span>; repeated, συνήγαγόν μοι καί γε ἀργύριον καί γε χρυσίον <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ec.</span>2.8</span>; rarely without intervening words, καί γε ὁ θάνατος διὰ τὴν μοίρην ἔλαχεν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Septim.</span>9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.11.7</span> codd.; καί γε . . ἐκχεῶ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>2.18</span>: hence, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in dialogue, in answers where something is added to the statement of the previous speaker, as <b class="b3">ἔπεμψέ τίς σοι . . κρέα</b><b class="b2">;</b> Answ. <b class="b3">καλῶς γε ποιῶν</b> <b class="b2">yes and</b> quite right too, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1049</span>; <b class="b3">κενὸν τόδ' ἄγγος, ἢ στέγει τι</b><b class="b2">;</b> Answ. <b class="b3">σά γ' ἔνδυτα</b> . . <b class="b2">yes indeed</b>, your clothes, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1412</span>; <b class="b3">οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα δηχθείη πόσις</b>. Answ. <b class="b3">σὺ δ' ἂν γένοιο γ' ἀθλιωτάτη γυνή</b> <b class="b2">yes truly</b>, and you... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Med.</span>817</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 680</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πάνυ γε</b> <b class="b2">yes</b> certainly, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>8e</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὕτω γέ πως</b> <b class="b2">yes</b> somehowso, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>165c</span>; sts. preceded by <b class="b3">καί, καὶ οὐδέν γ' ἄτοπον</b> <b class="b2">yes</b> and no wonder, ib.<span class="bibl">142b</span>, cf. d, <span class="bibl">147e</span>; sts. ironically, εὖ γε κηδεύεις πόλιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1212</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> to heighten a contrast or opposition, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">a</span> after conditional clauses, <b class="b3">εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γ'... τῷ κε Ποσειδάων γε</b> . . if <b class="b2">you</b> do so, then <b class="b2">at all events</b> Poseidon will... <span class="bibl">Il.15.49</span> sq.; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ πρὸς τοῦτο σιωπᾶν ἥδιόν σοι . . τόδε γε εἰπέ</b> <b class="b2">at any rate</b> tell me this, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 5.5.20</span>; εἰ μὴ τὸ ὅλον, μέρος γ' ἐπιβάλλει <span class="bibl">D.18.272</span>:—sts. in the protasis, <b class="b3">εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἑκόντες γε . . ἀλλ' ἀέκοντας</b> . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.120</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in disjunctive sentences to emphasize an alternative, <b class="b3">ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε . . δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι ἢ σέ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.1.11</span>; ἤτοι κρίνομέν γε ἢ ἐνθυμούμεθα ὀρθῶς τὰ πράγματα <span class="bibl">Th.2.40</span>; πατὴρ δ' ἐμός . . ζώει ὅ γ' ἢ τέθνηκε <span class="bibl">Od.2.131</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.10.504</span>: also in the second clause, εἰπέ μοι, ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι ἤ σέ γε λαοὶ ἐχθαίρουσι <span class="bibl">Od.3.214</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.10</span>.<b class="b3">θ</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1098</span> sq. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in exclamations, etc., <b class="b3">ὥς γε μή ποτ' ὤφελον λαβεῖν</b> dub. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>70</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>977</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1003</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>93</span>,<span class="bibl">836</span>, etc.; in oaths, <b class="b3">οὔτοι μὰ τὴν Δήμητρά γ'</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>698</span>; μὰ τὸν Ποσειδῶ γ' οὐδέποτ' <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ec.</span>748</span>; καὶ ναὶ μὰ Δία γε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ap.</span>20</span>; καὶ νὴ Δία γε <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1350</span>, <span class="bibl">D.Chr.17.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Merc.Cond.</span>28</span>, <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>11.59</span>, etc.: with words intervening, <b class="b3">καὶ νὴ Δί', ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἕτεροί γε</b> . . <span class="bibl">D.13.16</span>; νὴ Δία, ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι, ὥρα γε ὑμῖν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.1.37</span>; merely in strong assertions, <b class="b3">τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτο; ἄφρων δὴ κεῖνός γέ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Od.8.209</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> implying concession, <b class="b3">εἶμί γε</b> <b class="b2">well then</b> I will go (in apodosi), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>861</span>; δρᾶ γ' εἴ τι δράσεις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">IA</span>817</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Andr.</span>239</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> γε freq. repeated in protasis and apodosis, as <b class="b3">πρίν γε... πρίν γε</b>, v. supr.<span class="bibl">1.3</span>; εἰ μή γε . . τινὶ μείζονι, τῇ γε παρούσῃ ἀτιμίᾳ <span class="bibl">Lys.31.29</span>; even in the same clause, οὐδέν γ' ἄλλο πλήν γε καρκίνους <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1507</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.187</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>554</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>335b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>502a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> POSITION: γε normally follows the word which it limits; but is freq. placed immediately after the Article, as ὅ γε πόλεμος <span class="bibl">Th.1.66</span>, etc.; or the Prep., κατά γε τὸν σὸν λόγον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.15</span>; ἔν γε ταῖς Θήβαις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1380</span>; or δέ, νῦν δέ γε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>144e</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ δέ γε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">164b</span>; δοῖμεν δέ γέ που ἄν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>607d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>94a</span>, etc.; freq. in retorts, <b class="b3">ἁμές ποκ' ἦμες ἄλκιμοι νεανίαι</b>. Answ. ἁμὲς δέ γ' εἰμές <span class="title">Carm.Pop.</span>18; <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' ὅτι λέγεις</b>. Answ. ἡ γραῦς δέ γε οἶδ', ὡς ἐγῷμαι <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>577</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1031</span>, etc.</span>
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{{bailly
|btext=<i>particule enclitique, marque</i> :<br /><b>I.</b> <i>une restriction</i> du moins : [[Διός]] [[γε]] δίδοντος OD du moins Zeus le permet ; [[κατά]] [[γε]] τὸν σὸν λόγον XÉN du moins à t’entendre dire;<br /><b>II.</b> <i>une affirmation</i>;<br /><b>1</b> à la vérité (<i>au sens de</i> [[μέν]]), <i>p. opp. à</i> [[δέ]] : σὺ δ’ [[οὐ]] λέγεις [[γε]], δρᾷς [[δέ]] EUR pour toi, tu ne parles pas à la vérité, mais tu agis;<br /><b>2</b> certes, assurément, en vérité : [[οὐχ]] [[ὥς]] [[γε]] SOPH non certes ainsi, certainement non ainsi, nullement ainsi à coup sûr ; [[ὥσπερ]] γ’ ἡ [[φάτις]] SOPH comme on fait (avait dit l’oracle), exactement comme, etc. <i>Dans ces constr.</i> [[γε]] <i>équivaut souv. à notre</i> « puisque » (<i>lat.</i> quippe, quippe qui, <i>etc.</i>) ; [[οἵ]] γέ [[σου]] καθύβρισαν SOPH eux qui en fait se sont joués de toi, <i>càd</i> (il faudrait nous dérober aux Atrides) puisqu’ils se sont joués de toi ; [[ὁπότε]] [[γε]], [[ἐπεί]] [[γε]], [[ἐπειδή]] [[γε]] <i>etc.</i> puisque en vérité;<br /><b>3</b> justement, précisément : φίλους τιθέντες [[τούς]] [[γε]] πολεμιωτάτους EUR nous rendant amis justement les plus acharnés de nos ennemis ; ποίου δὲ [[τούτου]] [[πλήν]] γ’ Ὀδυσσέως ἐρεῖς ; SOPH de qui vas-tu me parler là sinon justement d’Ulysse ?;<br /><b>4</b> et même, bien plus : παρῆσάν τινες καὶ πολλοί [[γε]] PLAT ils étaient là qqes-uns et même beaucoup;<br /><b>III.</b> <i>une conclusion</i> eh bien donc ! donc : δρᾶ γ’, εἴ [[τι]] δράσεις EUR si tu veux faire qch (entreprendre une action mémorable), fais-le donc, <i>ou</i> fais-le tout de suite.
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Revision as of 19:44, 9 August 2017

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: γε Medium diacritics: γε Low diacritics: γε Capitals: ΓΕ
Transliteration A: ge Transliteration B: ge Transliteration C: ge Beta Code: ge

English (LSJ)

Dor. and Boeot. γα, enclitic Particle, giving emphasis to the word or words which it follows.    I with single words, at least, at any rate, but often only to be rendered by italics in writing, or emphasis in pronunciation: τὸ γὰρ . . σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν such is the power of iron, Od.9.393; εἴ που πτωχῶν γε θεοὶ . . εἰσίν if the poor have any gods to care for them, 17.475; μάλιστά γε 4.366; ὅ γ' ἐνθάδε λεώς at any rate the people here, S.OC42, etc.: with negs., οὐ δύο γε not even two, Il.5.303, 20.286; οὔκουν φθόγγος γε not the least sound, E.IA9.    2 with Pronouns: with Pron. of 1st Pers. so closely joined, that the accent is changed, in ἔγωγε, ἔμοιγε (also ἔγωγα Lacon., but ἐγώνγα, ἰώνγα Boeot.): in Hom. freq. with Art. used as Pron., v. ὅ γε: with demonstr. Pronouns, κεῖνός γε, τοῦτό γε, etc.: in Com. coalescing with final, αὑτηγί Ar.Ach.784; τουτογί, ταυταγί, etc., Id.V.781, Pax1057, etc. (but ἐνγεταυθί Th.646): after possess. Pronouns, ἐμόν γε θυμόν Il.20.425, etc.: freq. after relat. Pronouns, ὅς γε, οἵ γε, etc., οἵ γέ σου καθύβρισαν S.Ph.1364; ὅς γ' ἐξέλυσας δασμόν Id.OT35, etc.; ὅσον γε χρῄζεις even as much as... ib.365; οἷόν γέ μοι φαίνεται Pl.R.329a: rarely with interrog. Pronouns, τίνα γε . . εἶπας ; E.Tr.241; ποίου γε τούτου πλήν γ' Ὀδυσσέως ἐρεῖς ; S.Ph.441.    3 after Conjunctions, to emphasize the modification or condition introduced by the subjoined clause, πρίν γε, before at least, sts. repeated, οὐ μὲν . . ὀΐω πρίν γ' ἀποπαύσεσθαι, πρίν γε . . αἵματος ἆσαι Ἀρῆα Il.5.288, cf. Od.2.127; πρὶν ἄν γε or πρίν γ' ἄν, Ar.Eq.961, Ra.78, etc.; ὅτε γε Pl.Phd.84e; ὁπότε γε S.OC1699; ἐπεί γε X.An.1.3.9; ἐπειδή γε Th.6.18; ὅπου γε X.Cyr.2.3.11; εἴ γε, ἐάν γε, if that is to say, if really, Th.6.18, Pl.Phdr.25<*>c; also simply to lay stress on the condition, κἄν γε μὴ λέγω and if I do not... Ar.Ach.317; εἴπερ γε if at any rate, Hdt.7.16.γ, 143, etc.; ὥστε γε (v.l. ὥς γε), with inf., so far at least as to... Pl.Phdr.230b; ὥς γ' ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ E.Alc.801; ὥς γε or ὥσπερ γε as at least, S.Ant.570, OT715, etc.:—γε may follow τε, when τε is closely attached to the preceding word, ὡς οἷόν τέ γε μάλιστα X.Mem.4.5.2, Pl.R.412b; ἐάντε γε Id.Plt.293d; οἵ τέ γε Id.Grg. 454e:—for its use in opposed or disjunctive clauses, v. infr. 11.3.    4 after other Particles, καὶ μὴν . . γε, οὐ μὴν . . γε, with words intervening, X.Mem.1.4.12, E.Alc.518, etc.; after ἄν in apodosi, when preceded by οὐ or καί, Id.Ph.1215, Or.784; ἄταρ . . γε but yet, Ar.Ach. 448; καίτοι γε, v. καί τοι; ἀλλά γε (without intervening words) is f.l. in Pl.Hp.Ma.287b (leg. ἀλλ' ἄγε), R.331b (ἀλλά γε ἕν codd., ἀλλὰ ἕν γε Stob.); ἀλλά γε δή dub. in Id.Phdr.262a; later, Plu.2.394c, Ael.NA10.49 codd.: but,    5 when preceding other Particles, γε commonly refers to the preceding word, while the Particle retains its own force: but sts. modifies the sense of the following Particle, γε μήν nevertheless, πάντως γε μήν Ar.Eq.232, cf. E.El.754, X., etc.; Ep. and Ion. γε μέν Il.2.703, Od.4.195, Hdt.7.152; γε μὲν δή A.Ag. 661, S.Tr.484; γε μέντοι Pl.Tht.164a, X.An.2.3.9, etc.: γε δή freq. strengthens an assertion, A.Pr.42, Th.2.62, etc.; οἰόμεθά γε δή Pl.Euthd.275a (cf. also 11.1); γέ τοι, implying that the assertion is the least that one can say, Ar.V.934, Pl.424,1041, etc.; γέ τοι Pl. Grg.447b; γέ τοι δή S.OT1171, Pl.Phdr.264b; γέ τοί που Id.Lg. 888e; γε δήπου Id.Phd.94a, etc.; γέ που at all events, any how, Ar. Ach.896, Pl.R.607d, 478a, etc.; for γε οὖν, v. γοῦν.    II exercising an influence over the whole clause:    1 epexegetic, namely, that is, Διός γε διδόντος that is if God grant it, Od.1.390; κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον... εἰ ἐτεόν γε σός εἰμι if indeed I am really thine, 9.529: hence to limit, strengthen or amplify a general assertion, ἀνὴρ . . ὅστις πινυτός γε any man—at least any wise man, 1.229; freq. preceded by καί, usu. with words intervening, ἦ μὴν κελεύσω κἀπιθωΰξω γε πρός ay and besi <*>es that... A.Pr.73; παρῆσάν τινες καὶ πολλοί γε some, ay and a great many, Pl.Phd.58d; καὶ γελοίως γε Id.R.531a; freq. with the last term in an enumeration, ταύτῃ ἄρα . . πρακτέον καὶ γυμναστέον καὶ ἐδεστέον γε καὶ ποτέον Id.Cri. 47b; ὄψεις τε καὶ ἀκοαὶ καὶ . . καὶ ἡδοναί γε δή Id.Tht.156b; repeated, συνήγαγόν μοι καί γε ἀργύριον καί γε χρυσίον LXX Ec.2.8; rarely without intervening words, καί γε ὁ θάνατος διὰ τὴν μοίρην ἔλαχεν Hp.Septim.9, cf. Lys.11.7 codd.; καί γε . . ἐκχεῶ Act.Ap.2.18: hence,    2 in dialogue, in answers where something is added to the statement of the previous speaker, as ἔπεμψέ τίς σοι . . κρέα; Answ. καλῶς γε ποιῶν yes and quite right too, Ar.Ach.1049; κενὸν τόδ' ἄγγος, ἢ στέγει τι; Answ. σά γ' ἔνδυτα . . yes indeed, your clothes, E.Ion1412; οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα δηχθείη πόσις. Answ. σὺ δ' ἂν γένοιο γ' ἀθλιωτάτη γυνή yes truly, and you... Id.Med.817, cf. S.OT 680, etc.; πάνυ γε yes certainly, Pl.Euthphr.8e, etc.; οὕτω γέ πως yes somehowso, Id.Tht.165c; sts. preceded by καί, καὶ οὐδέν γ' ἄτοπον yes and no wonder, ib.142b, cf. d, 147e; sts. ironically, εὖ γε κηδεύεις πόλιν E.IT1212.    3 to heighten a contrast or opposition,    a after conditional clauses, εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γ'... τῷ κε Ποσειδάων γε . . if you do so, then at all events Poseidon will... Il.15.49 sq.; ἐπεὶ πρὸς τοῦτο σιωπᾶν ἥδιόν σοι . . τόδε γε εἰπέ at any rate tell me this, X.Cyr. 5.5.20; εἰ μὴ τὸ ὅλον, μέρος γ' ἐπιβάλλει D.18.272:—sts. in the protasis, εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἑκόντες γε . . ἀλλ' ἀέκοντας . . Hdt.4.120.    b in disjunctive sentences to emphasize an alternative, ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε . . δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι ἢ σέ . . Id.1.11; ἤτοι κρίνομέν γε ἢ ἐνθυμούμεθα ὀρθῶς τὰ πράγματα Th.2.40; πατὴρ δ' ἐμός . . ζώει ὅ γ' ἢ τέθνηκε Od.2.131, cf. Il.10.504: also in the second clause, εἰπέ μοι, ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι ἤ σέ γε λαοὶ ἐχθαίρουσι Od.3.214, cf. Hdt.7.10.θ, S.OT1098 sq.    4 in exclamations, etc., ὥς γε μή ποτ' ὤφελον λαβεῖν dub. in E.IA70, cf. S.OC977, Ph.1003, Ar.Ach.93,836, etc.; in oaths, οὔτοι μὰ τὴν Δήμητρά γ' v.l. in Ar.Eq.698; μὰ τὸν Ποσειδῶ γ' οὐδέποτ' Id.Ec.748; καὶ ναὶ μὰ Δία γε X.Ap.20; καὶ νὴ Δία γε Ar.Eq.1350, D.Chr.17.4, Luc. Merc.Cond.28, Lib.Or.11.59, etc.: with words intervening, καὶ νὴ Δί', ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἕτεροί γε . . D.13.16; νὴ Δία, ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι, ὥρα γε ὑμῖν X.HG7.1.37; merely in strong assertions, τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτο; ἄφρων δὴ κεῖνός γέ . . Od.8.209, etc.    5 implying concession, εἶμί γε well then I will go (in apodosi), E.HF861; δρᾶ γ' εἴ τι δράσεις Id.IA817, cf. Andr.239.    III γε freq. repeated in protasis and apodosis, as πρίν γε... πρίν γε, v. supr.1.3; εἰ μή γε . . τινὶ μείζονι, τῇ γε παρούσῃ ἀτιμίᾳ Lys.31.29; even in the same clause, οὐδέν γ' ἄλλο πλήν γε καρκίνους Ar.V.1507, cf. Hdt.1.187, E.Ph.554, Pl.R.335b, Grg.502a.    IV POSITION: γε normally follows the word which it limits; but is freq. placed immediately after the Article, as ὅ γε πόλεμος Th.1.66, etc.; or the Prep., κατά γε τὸν σὸν λόγον X.Cyr.3.1.15; ἔν γε ταῖς Θήβαις S.OT1380; or δέ, νῦν δέ γε Pl.Tht.144e; τὸ δέ γε ib.164b; δοῖμεν δέ γέ που ἄν Id.R.607d, cf. Phd.94a, etc.; freq. in retorts, ἁμές ποκ' ἦμες ἄλκιμοι νεανίαι. Answ. ἁμὲς δέ γ' εἰμές Carm.Pop.18; οὐκ οἶδ' ὅτι λέγεις. Answ. ἡ γραῦς δέ γε οἶδ', ὡς ἐγῷμαι Men.Epit.577, cf. A.Th.1031, etc.

French (Bailly abrégé)

particule enclitique, marque :
I. une restriction du moins : Διός γε δίδοντος OD du moins Zeus le permet ; κατά γε τὸν σὸν λόγον XÉN du moins à t’entendre dire;
II. une affirmation;
1 à la vérité (au sens de μέν), p. opp. à δέ : σὺ δ’ οὐ λέγεις γε, δρᾷς δέ EUR pour toi, tu ne parles pas à la vérité, mais tu agis;
2 certes, assurément, en vérité : οὐχ ὥς γε SOPH non certes ainsi, certainement non ainsi, nullement ainsi à coup sûr ; ὥσπερ γ’ ἡ φάτις SOPH comme on fait (avait dit l’oracle), exactement comme, etc. Dans ces constr. γε équivaut souv. à notre « puisque » (lat. quippe, quippe qui, etc.) ; οἵ γέ σου καθύβρισαν SOPH eux qui en fait se sont joués de toi, càd (il faudrait nous dérober aux Atrides) puisqu’ils se sont joués de toi ; ὁπότε γε, ἐπεί γε, ἐπειδή γε etc. puisque en vérité;
3 justement, précisément : φίλους τιθέντες τούς γε πολεμιωτάτους EUR nous rendant amis justement les plus acharnés de nos ennemis ; ποίου δὲ τούτου πλήν γ’ Ὀδυσσέως ἐρεῖς ; SOPH de qui vas-tu me parler là sinon justement d’Ulysse ?;
4 et même, bien plus : παρῆσάν τινες καὶ πολλοί γε PLAT ils étaient là qqes-uns et même beaucoup;
III. une conclusion eh bien donc ! donc : δρᾶ γ’, εἴ τι δράσεις EUR si tu veux faire qch (entreprendre une action mémorable), fais-le donc, ou fais-le tout de suite.