σοφιστής: Difference between revisions

|Definition=οῦ, ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">master of one's craft, adept, expert</b>, of diviners, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.49</span>; of poets, μελέταν σοφισταῖς πρόσβαλον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>5(4).28</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Cratin.2</span>; of musicians, σοφιστὴς . . παραπαίων χέλυν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>314</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eup.447</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com. 140</span>; <b class="b3">σοφιστῇ Θρῃκί</b> (sc. Thamyris) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>924</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ath.14.632c</span>: with modal words added, οἱ σ. τῶν ἱερῶν μελῶν <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>11.1</span>; of the Creator of the universe (ὁ δημιουργός) <b class="b3">, πάνυ θαυμαστὸν λέγεις σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>596d</span>; of cooks, εἰς τοὺς σ. τὸν μάγειρον ἐγγράφω <span class="bibl">Alex.149.14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Euphro 1.11</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ τὴν ἱππείαν σ</b>. <b class="b2">skilled in . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>13.9</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">σ. πημάτων</b> [[deviser]], [[contriver]] of pains, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>993</span>:—then, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[wise]], [[prudent]] or [[statesmanlike man]], in which sense the seven Sages are called [[σοφισταί]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.235</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>5</span>, <span class="bibl">D.61.50</span>; of Pythagoras, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.95</span>; of natural philosophers, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>20</span>; of Isocrates and Plato, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>25</span>; of the [[Βραχμᾶνες]], <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>6.16.5</span>, cf. [[γυμνοσοφισταί]]; freq. with a slightly iron. sense, ἵνα μάθῃ σ. ὢν Διὸς νωθέστερος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>62</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">944</span>; ψυχή . . κρείσσων σοφιστοῦ παντὸς εὑρέτις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 101</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>921</span>: prov., μισῶ σοφιστὴν ὅτις οὐχ αὑτῷ σοφός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 905</span>: of the philosophic [[sage]], Aristid.2.311 J. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> from late v B.C., [[a Sophist]], i.e. [[one who gave lessons]] in grammar, rhetoric, politics, mathematics, [[for money]], such as Prodicus, Gorgias, Protagoras, τὴν σοφίαν τοὺς ἀργυρίου τῷ βουλομένῳ πωλοῦντας σοφιστὰς ἀποκαλοῦσιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.6.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyn.</span>13.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>31</span> <span class="bibl">3c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthd.</span>271c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span> 186c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>85b</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.148</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">SE</span>165a22</span>; σ. ἄχρηστοι καὶ βίου δεόμενοι <span class="bibl">Lys.33.3</span>; but sts. even of Socrates (though he did not teach for money), <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.173</span>; so of Christ, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Peregr.</span>13</span>: hence (from the ill repute of the professed sophists at Athens), </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[sophist]] (in bad sense), [[quibbler]], [[cheat]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>331</span>,''IIII'', al., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span> 268d</span>; γόητα καὶ σοφιστὴν ὀνομάζων <span class="bibl">D.18.276</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> later of the [[ῥήτορες]], [[Professors of Rhetoric]], and [[prose writers]] of the Empire, such as Philostratus and Libanius, Suid.; Ἀπολλωνίδῃ σοφιστῇ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLips.</span> 97</span> X <span class="bibl">18</span> (iv A.D.); freq. as a title in epitaphs, <span class="title">IG</span>3.625,637,680,775, 14.935.</span>

|lsmtext='''σοφιστής:''' -οῦ, ὁ ([[σοφίζομαι]]),<br /><b class="num">I. 1.</b> αυτός που κατέχει [[καλά]] το [[επάγγελμα]] ή την [[τέχνη]] του, [[δεξιοτέχνης]], ειδήμων, λέγεται για μάντη, σε Ηρόδ.· λέγεται για ποιητές, σε Πίνδ.· ομοίως για τον Δημιουργό των πάντων, σε Πλάτ.· μεταφ., <i>σοφιστὴς πημάτων</i>, [[μαθημένος]] στη [[δυστυχία]], σε Ευρ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> όπως το [[φρόνιμος]], αυτός που δείχνει ευφυΐα στα πρακτικά ζητήματα της ζωής, [[συνετός]] [[άνθρωπος]]· με αυτή την [[έννοια]] οι Επτά Σοφοί ονομάζονταν <i>σοφισταί</i>, σε Ηρόδ.· λέγεται για τον Προμηθέα, σε Αισχύλ.<br /><b class="num">II. 1.</b> στην Αθήνα, Σοφιστής, δηλ. αυτός που δίδασκε [[έναντι]] αμοιβής τη [[γραμματική]], τη [[ρητορική]], την [[πολιτική]] [[τέχνη]], τα [[μαθηματικά]], όπως ήταν οι Πρόδικος, Γοργίας, [[Πρωταγόρας]], σε Θουκ., Πλάτ. κ.λπ. Αρχικά οι Σοφιστές έχαιραν υπόληψης, [[αλλά]] εξαιτίας της χαλαρότητας των αρχών τους έπεσαν σε [[ανυποληψία]] και η [[λέξη]] κατέληξε να σημαίνει·<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[σοφιστής]] (με αρνητική [[σημασία]]), στρεψοδίκης, [[απατεώνας]], [[δημαγωγός]], σε Αριστοφ., Δημ. κ.λπ.

|elnltext=σοφιστής -οῦ, ὁ [σοφίζω] meester, deskundige, expert. geleerde, denker, wijze, wijsgeer; in Athene aan het einde van de vijfde eeuw iemand die tegen betaling lesgaf in grammatica, retorica, politiek en wiskunde sofist:; τὴν σοφίαν ὡσαύτως τούς … ἀργυρίου τῷ βουλομένῳ πωλοῦντας σοφιστάς op dezelfde manier (noemen ze) mensen die voor geld hun wijsheid verkopen aan wie maar wil ‘sofisten’ Xen. Mem. 1.6.13; uitbr. sofist (in negatieve zin), bedrieger, charlatan. slimme bedenker, uitvinder:. πολλῶν σ. πημάτων ἐγιγνόμην bedacht ik veel soorten ellende Eur. HF 993.