πλήν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor.and Aeol. πλάν <span class="title">SIG</span>56.3(Argos, vB.C.), 421.7(Thermum, iii B. C.), <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).333.4 (Locr., v B. C.), <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1927.158 (Cyrene), <span class="title">Schwyzer</span>633.16, 19 (Eresus, ii/i B. C.): <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Prep. with gen., [[except]], [[save]], πάντων Φαιήκων πλήν γ' αὐτοῦ Λαοδάμαντος <span class="bibl">Od.8.207</span>; τίς ἔτλη… π. Ἡρακλῆος; <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>74</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>914</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.6.108, etc.: with γε, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">El.</span>909</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὑπεγγύους π. θανάτου</b> liable to any punishment [[short of]] death, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.71</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπιτρέψαι περὶ σφῶν αὐτῶν π. θανάτου</b> [[save in respect of]] death, <span class="bibl">Th.4.54</span>; <b class="b3">σκυλεύειν τοὺς τελευτήσαντας π. ὅπλων</b> of anything [[save]] their arms, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>469c</span>; <b class="b3">διαρπάσαι… ἐπέτρεψε πλὴν ἀνδραπόδων</b> to carry off all plunder [[save]] slaves, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.4.27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> later, [[besides]], [[in addition to]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">De.</span>18.8</span>, <span class="bibl">29.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Conj.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> with single words and phrases, esp. when a neg. precedes, οὐκ ἆρ' Ἀχαιοῖς ἄνδρες εἰσὶ π. ὅδε; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1238</span>; οὐκ οἶδα π. ἕν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1161</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>752</span>; οὐ κάτοιδα π. ἐπὶ σμικρὸν φράσαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>414</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Amphis 13</span>: after a question implying a neg., τί σοι πέπρακται π.τεύχειν κακά; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>125</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>646</span>: after [[πᾶς]], etc., τὸ δ' ἄρσεν αἰνῶ πάντα π. γάμου τυχεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>737</span>; παντὶ δῆλον π. ἐμοί <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>529a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 299</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.19</span>, etc.; νικᾶν… πανταχοῦ… ἔφυν π. εἰς σέ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1053</span> ([[πᾶς]] is sts. omitted, θνῄσκουσι [πάντες] π. εἷς τις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>118</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἔστι [πᾶσι] πλὴν σοί</b> ib.<span class="bibl">370</span>): freq. with [[ἄλλος]] (much like [[ἤ]]), τί οὖν μ' ἄνωγας ἄλλο π. ψευδῆ λέγειν; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>100</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>125</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>236</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>106</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>1.2.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>334b</span>, etc.: after a Comp., ταῦτ' ἐστὶ κρείσσω π. ὑπ' Ἀργείοις πεσεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>231</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Min.</span>318e</span>, etc.; πάντα μᾶλλον π. αὐτὸς ἅψασθαι <span class="bibl">D.21.179</span>: after a Sup., τὸ μέγιστον εἴργται π. αἱ τάξεις τοῦ φόρου <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ath.</span>3.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> freq. joined with other Particles: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">π. εἰ, π. ἐάν, ὅταν</b>, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> folld. by a Verb, π. εἴ τις κωμῳδοποιὸς τυγχάνει ὤν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>18d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>177d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.3.18</span>, <span class="bibl">10.39</span>, etc.; π. ὅταν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>260</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>293</span>, etc.; π. εἰ ἄρα μή <span class="bibl">Str.7.3.8</span>; π. ἐὰν μὴ ἐξέλθῃ <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>554b2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> with Verb omitted, οὐδεὶς οἶδεν... π. εἴ τις ἄρ' ὄρνις <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>601</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.2.21</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. εἰ μή</b>, after a neg., οὐδὲν προσδεησόμεθα, π. εἰ μὴ πάρεργόν τι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>286d</span> (v.l.); οὐδὲν ἂν πάθοι... π. εἰ μή που κατὰ συμβεβηκός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GC</span>323b26</span>; οὐ δεῖ… τοῦτο… κινεῖσθαι, π. εἰ μὴ κατὰ σ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">de An.</span>406b8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">APr.</span>43a39</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>1.10.6</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.4.74</span>.—The pleon. phrase <b class="b3">π. εἰ μή</b> is censured by <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Sol.</span>7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">πλὴν ἤ</b> (where [[ἤ]] adds nothing to the sense; <b class="b3">πλὴν εἰ</b> is a common v.l.), οὐκ ἄλλῳ π. ἢ Προδίκῳ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>361</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">734</span>; οὐδὲν κάκιον... πλὴν ἄρ' ἢ γυναῖκες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>532</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.111</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>42a</span> (v.l. [[π. εἰ]]); also οὐ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ὑγιάζει π. ἀλλ' ἢ… <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>981a18</span> (v.l.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">π. οὐ</b> [[only]] not, πάντες προσδέχονται, π. οὐχ οἱ τύραννοι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>1.18</span> (v.l. ap.<span class="bibl">Ath.4.144d</span>), cf. <span class="title">Lac.</span>15.6, <span class="bibl">D.18.45</span>, <span class="bibl">56.23</span>, <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>l.c. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">π. ὅτι</b> [[except]] that... [[save]] that... καίτοι τί διαφέρουσιν ἡμῶν ἐκεῖνοι, π. ὅτι ψηφίσματ' οὐ γράφουσιν; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 1429</span>; π. ἢ ὅτι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.189</span>; <b class="b3">πλήν γε ὅτι, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>183a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>57b</span>; after <b class="b3">ὁμοίως, τὰ αὐτά</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pel.</span>4</span>, <span class="bibl">Artem.1.56</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. ὅσον</b> [[except]] or [[save]] so far as... παρήκουσι παρὰ πᾶσαν [τὴν Λιβύην]... π. ὅσον Ἕλληνες… ἔχουσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.H.1.23</span>; π. ὅσα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>456a</span>; π. καθόσον <span class="bibl">D.C.72.19</span>; π. καθόσον εἰ <span class="bibl">Th.6.88</span> codd. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> without a Verb, <b class="b3">πάντων ἐρήμους, π. ὅσον τὸ σὸν μέρος</b> [[save]] so far as thou art concerned, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1509</span>; <b class="b3">τοὺς πολλοὺς ἀπέκτειναν π. ὅσον ἐκ τριῶν νεῶν οὓς ἐζώγρησαν</b> [[except]] only... <span class="bibl">Th.7.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>670a</span>, <span class="bibl">856d</span>; ἀληθευτικός, π. ὅσα μὴ δι' εἰρωνείαν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1124b30</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> introducing a clause, mostly preceded by [[οὐδείς]], [[πᾶς]], [[ἄλλος]], [[save that]], νῦν δ' οὐδεμία πάρεστιν... π. ἥ γ' ἐμὴ κωμῆτις ἥδ' ἐξέρχεται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>41</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 1.8.20</span>, etc.; οὐκ ἀντεξῄεσαν π. ἕως ἀκροβολισμοῦ <span class="bibl">Plb.1.18.2</span>: without any such word preceding, [[only]], [[albeit]], ἀπέπεμπε κήρυκας ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, π. οὔτε ἐς Ἀθήνας οὔτε ἐς Λακεδαίμονα ἀπέπεμπε <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>1643</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.70</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>328e</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> to break off and pass to another subject, [[only]], [[however]], π. γνώριζε ἄτοπος ὤν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>454.10</span> (iii B. C.), cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.1.69.14</span>, <span class="bibl">2.17.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>11.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Diog.Oen.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Per.</span>34</span>, etc.: in late Prose, π. ἀλλά <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pyrrh.</span>5</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Prom.</span>20</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">DMort.</span>13.3</span>, <span class="bibl">20.4</span>, etc.; π. ἀλλά γε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span>24</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> simply for [[δέ]], [[but]], πολλὴν στρατιὰν ἀθροίσας, π. ἄπειρον μάχης <span class="bibl">Hdn.3.4.1</span>; δυστυχῶν μέν, π. ἀλλ' Ἑλλήνων <span class="bibl">Hld.6.7</span>. (Cogn. with [[πλησίος]], [[πελάζω]], cf. [[ἔμπλην]].) </span>