ὅσπερ: Difference between revisions
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εἰ δὲ τύχῃ τις ἔρδων, μελίφρον' αἰτίαν ῥοαῖσι Μοισᾶν ἐνέβαλε → if someone is successful in his deeds, he casts a cause for sweet thoughts into the streams of the Muses
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|Definition=<b class="b3">ἥπερ, ὅπερ</b> (Ep. ὅπερ as masc., <span class="bibl">Il.7.114</span>, <span class="bibl">21.107</span>); gen.<b class="b3">οὗπερ</b>, Ep. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> οἷόπερ <span class="bibl">A.R.1.1325</span> ; in Ion. writers and in Poets the obl. cases are sts. borrowed from the Art., τόπερ <span class="bibl">Id.3.1098</span> ; τοῦπερ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 779</span> ; τῇπερ <span class="bibl">Il.24.603</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.30</span> ; τοίπερ <span class="bibl">Od.13.130</span> ; τάπερ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>418</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.16</span> ; τῶνπερ <span class="bibl">Il.13.638</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>974</span> ; on concord and constr. cf. ὅς <span class="bibl">B. 1.1</span>,2,4, <span class="bibl">11.1a</span>,3, IV. 4:—<b class="b2">the very man who, the very thing which</b>; freq. indistinguishable from simple <b class="b3">ὅς</b>, cf. ὅσος 111.4 : with words intervening between <b class="b3">ὅς</b> and περ, ὅς ῥ' ἔβαλέν περ <span class="bibl">Il.4.524</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.101</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> used after Adjs. of resemblance, ὡυτὸς ὅσπερ <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.42</span> ; ἐκ τῶν ἴσων... ὧνπερ αὐτὸς ἐξέφυ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1499</span> ; <b class="b3">ὅμοια ἔπραττον ἅπερ ἄν</b> . . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.4.34</span> ; <b class="b3">ὅρκια τάπερ τε</b> . . <b class="b2">the same as</b>... <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.74</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> special uses of cases, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ὅπερ</b>, <b class="b2">wherefore</b>, <span class="bibl">D.S.13.18</span> codd. (s.v.l.); <b class="b2">although</b>, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>103.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἅπερ</b>, <b class="b2">as, like</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>381</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>131</span>, <span class="bibl">660</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>168</span> (anap., as v.l.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span> 175</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.1.18</span>, etc.; cf. [[καθάπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">οὗπερ</b>, v. [[ὅς]] A b. <span class="bibl">1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ᾗπερ</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">ᾇπερ</b>, <b class="b2">which way, where, whither</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.6.41</span>, <span class="bibl">12.33</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.5.10</span>, etc.; Ion. τῇπερ, ἔθαψαν . . τῇπερ ἔπεσε <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.30</span> ; also, <b class="b2">as</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.7.286</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>440</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>364</span> ; ᾗπερ δή <span class="bibl">Il.9.310</span> ; ᾗπερ καί <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.8.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> in the Logic of Aristotle, <b class="b3">ὅπερ ἐστί</b>, or <b class="b3">ὅπερ</b> alone, has two senses : </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> non-technical, and unemphatic, <b class="b2">what</b> (a thing) <b class="b2">is</b>, <b class="b3">ἑκάστη οὐσία τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, οὐ λέγεται μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον</b> each substance is called <b class="b2">what</b> it <b class="b2">is</b> without the difference of more or less, <span class="title">Cat.</span>3b36 ; <b class="b3">τὸ διπλάσιον τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, ἑτέρου λέγεται</b> the double is called <b class="b2">what</b> it <b class="b2">is</b> (viz. the double) of something, i.e. is relative, ib.6a39. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> expressing identity, <b class="b3">οὔτε ἡ χιὼν ὅ. λευκόν</b> snow is not <b class="b2">what</b> white <b class="b2">is</b>, i.e. is not identical with white, <span class="title">Top.</span>120b23 ; <b class="b3">ὁ λευκὸς ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. χρῶμα</b> ib.116a27: hence, to indicate the <b class="b2">precise</b> or <b class="b2">essential</b> nature of a thing, <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἂν φαίη ὅ. κακόν τι εἶναι τὴν ἡδονήν</b> he would not say that pleasure is <b class="b2">essentially</b> something bad, <span class="title">EN</span>1153b6; <b class="b3">τὰ μὲν οὐσίαν σημαίνοντα ὅ. ἐκεῖνό ἢ ὅ. ἐκεῖνό τι σημαίνει</b> expressions which show the essence show <b class="b2">precisely what</b> the thing in question <b class="b2">is</b> or <b class="b2">precisely</b> of what kind it <b class="b2">is</b> (i.e. indicate either its species or its genus), <span class="title">APo.</span>83a24 ; <b class="b3">ὅ. <τόδε> τί ἐστι τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι</b> the essence of a thing <b class="b2">is precisely</b> a 'this', i.e. a fully specified particular, <span class="title">Metaph.</span>1030a3; <b class="b3">ἡ μὲν [ἐπιστήμη] ὅ. ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν</b> knowledge (that man is an animal) is apprehension that 'animal' is <b class="b2">an element in the essential nature</b> of man, <span class="title">APo.</span>89a35.</span> | |Definition=<b class="b3">ἥπερ, ὅπερ</b> (Ep. ὅπερ as masc., <span class="bibl">Il.7.114</span>, <span class="bibl">21.107</span>); gen.<b class="b3">οὗπερ</b>, Ep. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> οἷόπερ <span class="bibl">A.R.1.1325</span> ; in Ion. writers and in Poets the obl. cases are sts. borrowed from the Art., τόπερ <span class="bibl">Id.3.1098</span> ; τοῦπερ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 779</span> ; τῇπερ <span class="bibl">Il.24.603</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.30</span> ; τοίπερ <span class="bibl">Od.13.130</span> ; τάπερ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>418</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.16</span> ; τῶνπερ <span class="bibl">Il.13.638</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>974</span> ; on concord and constr. cf. ὅς <span class="bibl">B. 1.1</span>,2,4, <span class="bibl">11.1a</span>,3, IV. 4:—<b class="b2">the very man who, the very thing which</b>; freq. indistinguishable from simple <b class="b3">ὅς</b>, cf. ὅσος 111.4 : with words intervening between <b class="b3">ὅς</b> and περ, ὅς ῥ' ἔβαλέν περ <span class="bibl">Il.4.524</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.101</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> used after Adjs. of resemblance, ὡυτὸς ὅσπερ <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.42</span> ; ἐκ τῶν ἴσων... ὧνπερ αὐτὸς ἐξέφυ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1499</span> ; <b class="b3">ὅμοια ἔπραττον ἅπερ ἄν</b> . . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.4.34</span> ; <b class="b3">ὅρκια τάπερ τε</b> . . <b class="b2">the same as</b>... <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.74</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> special uses of cases, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ὅπερ</b>, <b class="b2">wherefore</b>, <span class="bibl">D.S.13.18</span> codd. (s.v.l.); <b class="b2">although</b>, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>103.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἅπερ</b>, <b class="b2">as, like</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>381</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>131</span>, <span class="bibl">660</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>168</span> (anap., as v.l.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span> 175</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.1.18</span>, etc.; cf. [[καθάπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">οὗπερ</b>, v. [[ὅς]] A b. <span class="bibl">1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ᾗπερ</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">ᾇπερ</b>, <b class="b2">which way, where, whither</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.6.41</span>, <span class="bibl">12.33</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.5.10</span>, etc.; Ion. τῇπερ, ἔθαψαν . . τῇπερ ἔπεσε <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.30</span> ; also, <b class="b2">as</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.7.286</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>440</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>364</span> ; ᾗπερ δή <span class="bibl">Il.9.310</span> ; ᾗπερ καί <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.8.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> in the Logic of Aristotle, <b class="b3">ὅπερ ἐστί</b>, or <b class="b3">ὅπερ</b> alone, has two senses : </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> non-technical, and unemphatic, <b class="b2">what</b> (a thing) <b class="b2">is</b>, <b class="b3">ἑκάστη οὐσία τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, οὐ λέγεται μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον</b> each substance is called <b class="b2">what</b> it <b class="b2">is</b> without the difference of more or less, <span class="title">Cat.</span>3b36 ; <b class="b3">τὸ διπλάσιον τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, ἑτέρου λέγεται</b> the double is called <b class="b2">what</b> it <b class="b2">is</b> (viz. the double) of something, i.e. is relative, ib.6a39. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> expressing identity, <b class="b3">οὔτε ἡ χιὼν ὅ. λευκόν</b> snow is not <b class="b2">what</b> white <b class="b2">is</b>, i.e. is not identical with white, <span class="title">Top.</span>120b23 ; <b class="b3">ὁ λευκὸς ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. χρῶμα</b> ib.116a27: hence, to indicate the <b class="b2">precise</b> or <b class="b2">essential</b> nature of a thing, <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἂν φαίη ὅ. κακόν τι εἶναι τὴν ἡδονήν</b> he would not say that pleasure is <b class="b2">essentially</b> something bad, <span class="title">EN</span>1153b6; <b class="b3">τὰ μὲν οὐσίαν σημαίνοντα ὅ. ἐκεῖνό ἢ ὅ. ἐκεῖνό τι σημαίνει</b> expressions which show the essence show <b class="b2">precisely what</b> the thing in question <b class="b2">is</b> or <b class="b2">precisely</b> of what kind it <b class="b2">is</b> (i.e. indicate either its species or its genus), <span class="title">APo.</span>83a24 ; <b class="b3">ὅ. <τόδε> τί ἐστι τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι</b> the essence of a thing <b class="b2">is precisely</b> a 'this', i.e. a fully specified particular, <span class="title">Metaph.</span>1030a3; <b class="b3">ἡ μὲν [ἐπιστήμη] ὅ. ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν</b> knowledge (that man is an animal) is apprehension that 'animal' is <b class="b2">an element in the essential nature</b> of man, <span class="title">APo.</span>89a35.</span> | ||
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Revision as of 18:26, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
ἥπερ, ὅπερ (Ep. ὅπερ as masc., Il.7.114, 21.107); gen.οὗπερ, Ep.
A οἷόπερ A.R.1.1325 ; in Ion. writers and in Poets the obl. cases are sts. borrowed from the Art., τόπερ Id.3.1098 ; τοῦπερ A.Pers. 779 ; τῇπερ Il.24.603, Hdt.1.30 ; τοίπερ Od.13.130 ; τάπερ A.Ch.418 (lyr.), Hdt.3.16 ; τῶνπερ Il.13.638, A.Ag.974 ; on concord and constr. cf. ὅς B. 1.1,2,4, 11.1a,3, IV. 4:—the very man who, the very thing which; freq. indistinguishable from simple ὅς, cf. ὅσος 111.4 : with words intervening between ὅς and περ, ὅς ῥ' ἔβαλέν περ Il.4.524, cf. 13.101, etc. 2 used after Adjs. of resemblance, ὡυτὸς ὅσπερ Hdt.8.42 ; ἐκ τῶν ἴσων... ὧνπερ αὐτὸς ἐξέφυ S.OT1499 ; ὅμοια ἔπραττον ἅπερ ἄν . . X.An.5.4.34 ; ὅρκια τάπερ τε . . the same as... Hdt.1.74. II special uses of cases, 1 ὅπερ, wherefore, D.S.13.18 codd. (s.v.l.); although, A.D.Pron.103.7. 2 ἅπερ, as, like, A.Ch.381 (lyr.), Eu.131, 660, S.Aj.168 (anap., as v.l.), OT 175 (lyr.), X.HG5.1.18, etc.; cf. καθάπερ. 3 οὗπερ, v. ὅς A b. 1. 4 ᾗπερ, Dor. ᾇπερ, which way, where, whither, Il.6.41, 12.33, X.An.6.5.10, etc.; Ion. τῇπερ, ἔθαψαν . . τῇπερ ἔπεσε Hdt.1.30 ; also, as, Il.7.286, A.Ch.440(lyr.), Ar.Ach.364 ; ᾗπερ δή Il.9.310 ; ᾗπερ καί X.Mem.3.8.2. 5 in the Logic of Aristotle, ὅπερ ἐστί, or ὅπερ alone, has two senses : a non-technical, and unemphatic, what (a thing) is, ἑκάστη οὐσία τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, οὐ λέγεται μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον each substance is called what it is without the difference of more or less, Cat.3b36 ; τὸ διπλάσιον τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, ἑτέρου λέγεται the double is called what it is (viz. the double) of something, i.e. is relative, ib.6a39. b expressing identity, οὔτε ἡ χιὼν ὅ. λευκόν snow is not what white is, i.e. is not identical with white, Top.120b23 ; ὁ λευκὸς ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. χρῶμα ib.116a27: hence, to indicate the precise or essential nature of a thing, οὐ γὰρ ἂν φαίη ὅ. κακόν τι εἶναι τὴν ἡδονήν he would not say that pleasure is essentially something bad, EN1153b6; τὰ μὲν οὐσίαν σημαίνοντα ὅ. ἐκεῖνό ἢ ὅ. ἐκεῖνό τι σημαίνει expressions which show the essence show precisely what the thing in question is or precisely of what kind it is (i.e. indicate either its species or its genus), APo.83a24 ; ὅ. <τόδε> τί ἐστι τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι the essence of a thing is precisely a 'this', i.e. a fully specified particular, Metaph.1030a3; ἡ μὲν [ἐπιστήμη] ὅ. ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν knowledge (that man is an animal) is apprehension that 'animal' is an element in the essential nature of man, APo.89a35.
