σπήλαιον: Difference between revisions

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|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[cave]], [[cavern]] (Pl., LXX, NT a. o.).<br />Derivatives: [[σπηλαιώδης]] [[cave-like]], <b class="b3">-αΐτης</b> m. [[god of caves]] (Paus.), <b class="b3">-άδιον</b> n. (Theopomp. Com.; after the dimin. in <b class="b3">-άδιον</b>; not <b class="b3">-ᾳδιον</b>; cf. Hdn. Gr. 2, 488, 12). -- Beside it [[σπῆλυγξ]], <b class="b3">-υγγος</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist., Theoc., A. R. a.o.) with <b class="b3">σπηλυγγ-ώδης</b> (EM), <b class="b3">-οειδής</b> (sch.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)<br />Etymology: Both [[σπήλαιον]] and [[σπῆλυγξ]] are clearly enlarging transformations of one and the same basic word after diff. examples: with [[σπῆλυγξ]] cf. the semantically close [[σῆραγξ]], [[φάραγξ]], also [[φάρυγξ]], [[λάρυγξ]]; [[σπήλαιον]] after <b class="b3">κατά-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπό-γαιος</b>, <b class="b3">-ον</b>? The basic <b class="b3">λ-</b>stem can be in the same relation to the <b class="b3">σ-</b>stem in [[σπέος]] as e.g. <b class="b3">νεφ-έλη</b> to <b class="b3">νέφ-ος</b>. Further unclear; quite doubtful hypotheses w. lit. in Bq s. v., WP. 2, 680, W.-Hofmann s. [[spīrō]]. -- Lat. LW [loanword] [[spēlaeum]] and [[spēlunca]] (s. W.-Hofmann [[sub verbo|s.v.]] and Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 60f.); Alb. LW [loanword] <b class="b2">shpellë</b> [[rock]], [[cave]] (Pisani Jb. f. kleinas. Forsch. 3, 152). - Furnée 123 reconstructs a <b class="b3">*σπῆλυξ</b>. <b class="b3">-υκος</b> from Lat. <b class="b2">*speluca</b>. He further adduces [[πῆλυξ]] = [[ῥαγάς]] (H., Phot.). He also reminds of Etr. <b class="b2">śpel(a)</b> <b class="b2">cave, tomb`</b>. The word is no doubt Pre-Greek (note the prenasalization and the suffix <b class="b3">-υγγ-</b>).
|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[cave]], [[cavern]] (Pl., LXX, NT a. o.).<br />Derivatives: [[σπηλαιώδης]] [[cave-like]], <b class="b3">-αΐτης</b> m. [[god of caves]] (Paus.), <b class="b3">-άδιον</b> n. (Theopomp. Com.; after the dimin. in <b class="b3">-άδιον</b>; not <b class="b3">-ᾳδιον</b>; cf. Hdn. Gr. 2, 488, 12). -- Beside it [[σπῆλυγξ]], <b class="b3">-υγγος</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist., Theoc., A. R. a.o.) with <b class="b3">σπηλυγγ-ώδης</b> (EM), <b class="b3">-οειδής</b> (sch.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)<br />Etymology: Both [[σπήλαιον]] and [[σπῆλυγξ]] are clearly enlarging transformations of one and the same basic word after diff. examples: with [[σπῆλυγξ]] cf. the semantically close [[σῆραγξ]], [[φάραγξ]], also [[φάρυγξ]], [[λάρυγξ]]; [[σπήλαιον]] after <b class="b3">κατά-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπό-γαιος</b>, <b class="b3">-ον</b>? The basic <b class="b3">λ-</b>stem can be in the same relation to the <b class="b3">σ-</b>stem in [[σπέος]] as e.g. <b class="b3">νεφ-έλη</b> to <b class="b3">νέφ-ος</b>. Further unclear; quite doubtful hypotheses w. lit. in Bq s. v., WP. 2, 680, W.-Hofmann s. [[spīrō]]. -- Lat. LW [loanword] [[spēlaeum]] and [[spēlunca]] (s. W.-Hofmann [[sub verbo|s.v.]] and Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 60f.); Alb. LW [loanword] <b class="b2">shpellë</b> [[rock]], [[cave]] (Pisani Jb. f. kleinas. Forsch. 3, 152). - Furnée 123 reconstructs a <b class="b3">*σπῆλυξ</b>. <b class="b3">-υκος</b> from Lat. <b class="b2">*speluca</b>. He further adduces [[πῆλυξ]] = [[ῥαγάς]] (H., Phot.). He also reminds of Etr. <b class="b2">śpel(a)</b> [[cave]], [[tomb`]]. The word is no doubt Pre-Greek (note the prenasalization and the suffix <b class="b3">-υγγ-</b>).
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{{mdlsj
{{mdlsj

Revision as of 14:45, 9 December 2022

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: σπήλαιον Medium diacritics: σπήλαιον Low diacritics: σπήλαιον Capitals: ΣΠΗΛΑΙΟΝ
Transliteration A: spḗlaion Transliteration B: spēlaion Transliteration C: spilaion Beta Code: sph/laion

English (LSJ)

τό,
A grotto, cavern, Pl.R.514a, 515a, 539e, Moschio Trag. 6.5, Satyr.Vit.Eur.Fr.39 ix 6, Apoc.6.15, etc.; σπήλαιον λῃστῶν = den of robbers, LXX Je.7.11, Ev.Matt.21.13; of a grave, Supp.Epigr.7.160 (Palmyra, i A.D.), 166 (ibid., ii A.D.), Ev.Jo.11.38.
2 privy parts, LXX Hb. 2.15 (pl.).
3 place behind the scenes in a theatre, Poll.4.124.

German (Pape)

[Seite 921] τό, wie σπῆλυγξ, Höhle; Plat. Rep. VII, 514 a ff; Luc. u. a. Sp.

French (Bailly abrégé)

ου (τό) :
caverne, grotte, cavité;
NT: repaire.
Étymologie: σπέος ; cf. σπῆλυγξ.

Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)

σπήλαιον -ου, τό [~ σπέος?] grot, hol, spelonk:. σ. λῃστῶν rovershol NT Mt. 21.13.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

σπήλαιον: τό пещера Plat., Luc., NT.

English (Strong)

neuter of a presumed derivative of speos (a grotto); a cavern; by implication, a hiding-place or resort: cave, den.

English (Thayer)

σπηλαίου, τό (σπέος (cavern; cf. Curtius, § 111)), a cave (den): Plato, Plutarch, Lucian, Aelian, others; the Sept. for מְעָרָה.)

Greek Monotonic

σπήλαιον: τό (σπέος), σπήλαιο, σπηλιά, άντρο, λημέρι, σε Πλάτ.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

σπήλαιον: τό, (σπέος) ὡς τὸ σπήλυγξ, Λατιν. spelaeum, Πλάτ. Πολ. 514Α, 515Α, 539Ε. 2) παρὰ τοῖς Ἑβδ. (Ἀββ. Β΄, 15), φαίνεται ὅτι σημαίνει τὰ κρύφια μέλη ἢ αἰδοῖα. 3) τόπος ὄπισθεν τῆς σκηνῆς ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ, Πολυδ. Δ΄, 124.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: cave, cavern (Pl., LXX, NT a. o.).
Derivatives: σπηλαιώδης cave-like, -αΐτης m. god of caves (Paus.), -άδιον n. (Theopomp. Com.; after the dimin. in -άδιον; not -ᾳδιον; cf. Hdn. Gr. 2, 488, 12). -- Beside it σπῆλυγξ, -υγγος f. id. (Arist., Theoc., A. R. a.o.) with σπηλυγγ-ώδης (EM), -οειδής (sch.).
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)
Etymology: Both σπήλαιον and σπῆλυγξ are clearly enlarging transformations of one and the same basic word after diff. examples: with σπῆλυγξ cf. the semantically close σῆραγξ, φάραγξ, also φάρυγξ, λάρυγξ; σπήλαιον after κατά-, ὑπό-γαιος, -ον? The basic λ-stem can be in the same relation to the σ-stem in σπέος as e.g. νεφ-έλη to νέφ-ος. Further unclear; quite doubtful hypotheses w. lit. in Bq s. v., WP. 2, 680, W.-Hofmann s. spīrō. -- Lat. LW [loanword] spēlaeum and spēlunca (s. W.-Hofmann s.v. and Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 60f.); Alb. LW [loanword] shpellë rock, cave (Pisani Jb. f. kleinas. Forsch. 3, 152). - Furnée 123 reconstructs a *σπῆλυξ. -υκος from Lat. *speluca. He further adduces πῆλυξ = ῥαγάς (H., Phot.). He also reminds of Etr. śpel(a) cave, tomb`. The word is no doubt Pre-Greek (note the prenasalization and the suffix -υγγ-).

Middle Liddell

σπήλαιον, ου, τό, σπέος
a grotto, cave, cavern, Plat.

Frisk Etymology German

σπήλαιον: {spḗlaion}
Grammar: n.
Meaning: Grotte, Höhle (Pl., LXX, NT u. a.)
Derivative: mit σπηλαιώδης grottenähnlich, -αΐτης m. Grottengott (Paus.), -άδιον n. (Theopomp. Kom.; nach den Demin. auf -άδιον; nicht -ᾴδιον; vgl. Hdn. Gr. 2, 488, 12). — Daneben σπῆλυγξ, -υγγος f. ib. (Arist., Theok., A. R. u.a.) mit σπηλυγγώδης (EM), -οειδής (Sch.).
Etymology: Sowohl σπήλαιον wie σπῆλυγξ sind offenbar erweiternde Umbildungen eines und desselben Grundwortes nach verschiedenen Vorbildern: zu σπῆλυγξ vgl. die sinnverwandten σῆραγξ, φάραγξ, auch φάρυγξ, λάρυγξ; σπήλαιον nach κατά-, ὑπόγαιος, -ον? Der zugrunde liegende λ-Stamm kann zum σ-Stamm in σπέος in ähnlicher Beziehung stehen wie z.B. νεφέλη zu νέφος. Sonst dunkel; ganz fragliche Hypothesen m. Lit. bei Bq s. v., WP. 2, 680, W.-Hofmann s. spīrō. — Lat. LW spēlaeum und spēlunca (s. W.-Hofmann s.v. und Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 60f.); alb. LW shpellë Felsen, Höhle (Pisani Jb. f. kleinas. Forsch. 3, 152).
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Chinese

原文音譯:sp»laion 士胚來按
詞類次數:名詞(6)
原文字根:洞
字義溯源:大地洞,洞穴,山洞,獸穴,窩,洞;源自(σπένδω)X*=巖穴)
出現次數:總共(6);太(1);可(1);路(1);約(1);來(1);啓(1)
譯字彙編
1) 窩(3) 太21:13; 可11:17; 路19:46;
2) 洞穴(1) 啓6:15;
3) 一個洞穴(1) 約11:38;
4) 山洞(1) 來11:38

English (Woodhouse)

cave, den

⇢ Look up on Google | Wiktionary | LSJ full text search (Translation based on the reversal of Woodhouse's English to Ancient Greek dictionary)

Mantoulidis Etymological

Ἀβέβαιη ἡ ἐτυμολογία του. Συνώνυμο μέ τά σπέος, σπῆλυγξ.