ἐχθρός: Difference between revisions
ἀναγκαίως δ' ἔχει βίον θερίζειν ὥστε κάρπιμον στάχυν, καὶ τὸν μὲν εἶναι, τὸν δὲ μή → But it is our inevitable lot to harvest life like a fruitful crop, for one of us to live, one not. (Euripides, Hypsipyle fr. 60.94ff.)
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Albanian: armiqësor; Arabic: عَدَائِيّ; Belarusian: варожы, воражы; Bulgarian: вражески, неприятелски, враждебен; Catalan: hostil; Chinese Mandarin: 敵對的, 敌对的, 懷敵意的, 怀敌意的; Czech: nepřátelský; Dutch: [[vijandig]]; Esperanto: malamika; Finnish: vihamielinen; French: [[hostile]]; German: [[feindlich]], [[feindselig]]; Greek: [[εχθρικός]], [[δάϊος]]; Ancient Greek: [[πολέμιος]]; Hungarian: ellenséges; Japanese: 敵の, 敵対的な; Kazakh: ғадауатты; Korean: 적대적인; Latin: [[hostilis]], [[alienus]]; Macedonian: непријателски; Norwegian Bokmål: fiendtlig; Nynorsk: fiendtleg; Occitan: ostil; Old English: fēondlīċ; Plautdietsch: fientlich; Polish: wrogi; Portuguese: [[hostil]]; Quechua: awqa; Romanian: ostil; Russian: [[враждебный]], [[вражеский]], [[неприятельский]]; Scottish Gaelic: nàimhdeach, nàimhdeil, eucairdeach; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: непријатѐљскӣ; Roman: neprijatèljskī; Slovak: nepriateľský; Slovene: sovražen; Spanish: [[hostil]]; Swedish: fientlig; Ukrainian: ворожий | Albanian: armiqësor; Arabic: عَدَائِيّ; Belarusian: варожы, воражы; Bulgarian: вражески, неприятелски, враждебен; Catalan: hostil; Chinese Mandarin: 敵對的, 敌对的, 懷敵意的, 怀敌意的; Czech: nepřátelský; Dutch: [[vijandig]]; Esperanto: malamika; Finnish: vihamielinen; French: [[hostile]]; German: [[feindlich]], [[feindselig]]; Greek: [[εχθρικός]], [[δάϊος]]; Ancient Greek: [[πολέμιος]]; Hungarian: ellenséges; Japanese: 敵の, 敵対的な; Kazakh: ғадауатты; Korean: 적대적인; Latin: [[hostilis]], [[alienus]]; Macedonian: непријателски; Norwegian Bokmål: fiendtlig; Nynorsk: fiendtleg; Occitan: ostil; Old English: fēondlīċ; Plautdietsch: fientlich; Polish: wrogi; Portuguese: [[hostil]]; Quechua: awqa; Romanian: ostil; Russian: [[враждебный]], [[вражеский]], [[неприятельский]]; Scottish Gaelic: nàimhdeach, nàimhdeil, eucairdeach; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: непријатѐљскӣ; Roman: neprijatèljskī; Slovak: nepriateľský; Slovene: sovražen; Spanish: [[hostil]]; Swedish: fientlig; Ukrainian: ворожий | ||
}} | |||
{{lxth | |||
|lthtxt=''[[inimicus]]'', [[enemy]], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.33.3/ 1.33.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.35.4/ 1.35.4]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%201.35.4/ 1.35.4][https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.41.1/ 1.41.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%201.41.3/ 1.41.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%201.41.3/ 1.41.3][https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.43.2/ 1.43.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.44.1/ 1.44.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.69.4/ 1.69.4]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.69.6/ 1.69.6]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.70.5/ 1.70.5]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.121.5/ 1.121.5]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.144.5/ 1.144.5]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.2.4/ 2.2.4]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.62.3/ 2.62.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.32.2/ 3.32.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.39.8/ 3.39.8], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%203.40.6/ 3.40.6]. <i>Ibid.</i> <i>in the same place</i> [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%203.58.2/ 3.58.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%203.65.3/ 3.65.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%203.70.6/ 3.70.6],<br><i>item</i> <i>likewise</i> [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%203.75.1/ 3.75.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%203.39.3/ 3.39.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%203.81.2/ 3.81.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%203.81.4/ 3.81.4], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.19.1/ 4.19.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.27.5/ 4.27.5]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.47.3/ 4.47.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.74.3/ 4.74.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.16.1/ 5.16.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.17.1/ 5.17.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.69.1/ 5.69.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.10.2/ 6.10.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.17.7/ 6.17.7], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.18.1/ 6.18.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.29.3/ 6.29.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.38.4/ 6.38.4]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.61.1/ 6.61.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.79.1/ 6.79.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.85.1/ 6.85.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%206.85.1/ 6.85.1][https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.89.2/ 6.89.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.33.6/ 7.33.6]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.68.1/ 7.68.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%207.68.2/ 7.68.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:8.45.1/ 8.45.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:8.53.2/ 8.53.2],<br>COMP. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.86.5/ 4.86.5],<br>SUP. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.71.4/ 1.71.4], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.71.3/ 2.71.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.59.2/ 3.59.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%203.59.4/ 3.59.4]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.112.7/ 3.112.7]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.63.2/ 4.63.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.27.2/ 5.27.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.79.2/ 6.79.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.68.2/ 7.68.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:8.50.5/ 8.50.5]. | |||
}} | }} |
Revision as of 14:21, 16 November 2024
English (LSJ)
ἐχθρά, ἐχθρόν, (ἔχθος)
A hated, hateful, of persons and things, freq. from Hom. downwds. (Hom. has it only in this pass. sense); ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς Ἀΐδαο πύλῃσι Od.14.156, Il.9.312; ἐχθρὸν δέ μοί ἐστιν c.inf., 'tis hateful to me to... Od.12.452; θεοῖσιν ἐχθρός Hes.Th. 766, Thgn.601, Ar.Eq.34; ὁ θεοῖσιν ἐχθρός Pl.Com.74, etc.; cf. θεοισεχθρός.
II Act., hating, hostile, first in Hes. and Pi. (v. infr. III), τινι D.10.11, X.Ages.6.1, etc.: c. gen., ὕβριος ἐχθρὰν ὁδόν averse from insolence, Pi.O.7.90: abs., ἐχθρὰ γλῶσσα A.Ch.309 (anap.); ὀργαί Id.Eu.937 (anap.), etc.; ἀστέρες Vett.Val.143.5.
III as substantive, ἐχθρός, ὁ, enemy, where the act. and pass. senses freq. coincide, Hes.Op.342, Pi.P.2.84, etc.; ἀνὴρ ἐχθρός Hdt.1.92; ὁ Διὸς ἐχθρός A.Pr.120 (anap.); ἐχθροῖς ἐχθρὰ πορσύνων Id.Ag.1374; εἴ.. τινα ἴδοι ἐχθρὸν ἑαυτοῦ Th.4.47; οἱ ἐμοὶ ἐχθροί Id.6.89, etc.—Acc. to Ammon.Diff.p.63 V., ἐχθρός is one who has been φίλος, but is alienated; πολέμιος one who is at war; δυσμενής = one who has long been alienated and refuses to be reconciled.
IV regul. Comp. ἐχθρότερος D. Prooem. 40.3, AP5.160 (Hedyl. or Asclep.); Sup. ἐχθρότατος Pi.N.1.65, S.OT1346 (lyr.), D.19.300: but more freq. irreg. ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος (qq.v.).
V Adv. ἐχθρῶς, μισοῦντες Pl.Lg.697d, etc.: Comp. ἐχθροτέρως D.5.18: Sup. ἐχθρότατα Id.23.149.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1125] (vgl. ἔχθω, ἔχθος), verhaßt, verfeindet, zuwider, von Personen u. Sachen, ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς Ἀίδαο πύλῃσιν Il. 9, 312, ἐχθρὰ δέ μοι τοῦ δῶρα ibd. 378, ἐχθρὸν δέ μοί ἐστιν – μυθολογεύειν Od. 12, 452; λοιδορῆσαι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ σοφία Pind. Ol. 9, 41; ἐχθρος θεοῖσιν Ar. Nub. 581; Folgde. – Plat. θεοῖς ἐχθρὸς ὁ ἄδικος, Rep. I, 352 b; auch im milderen Sinne, unangenehm. – Feindselig gesinnt, feindlich, Tragg. u. Prosa, Gegensatz von φίλος, φίλον τέως, νῦν δ' ἐχθρὸν ὡς φαίνει κακόν Aesch. Ch. 987 (wie Ammon. ἐχθρός erkl. ὁ πρότερον φίλος, δυσμενής aber ὁ χρόνιον πρὸς τόν ποτε φίλον τὸ μῖσος διατηρῶν καὶ δυσδιαλλάκτως ἔχων; über den Unterschied von πολέμιος s. dieses); ἐρίζουσι δὲ οἱ διάφοροι καὶ ἐχθροὶ ἀλλήλοις Plat. Prot. 327 b, ἦν τῷ Ἄγιδι ἐχθρός Thuc. 8, 45; auch c. gen., Pind. Ol. 7, 90, wie. Xen. Cyn. 13, 12; ἑαυτοῦ Thuc. 4, 47; ὁ ἐχθρός, der Feind, ὁ Διὸς ἐχθρός Aesch. Prom. 120; Folgde. – Adv. ἐχθρῶς, feindselig, μισεῖν Plat. Legg. III, 679 d; Xen. u. Folgde. – Comparat. ἐχθίων u. superlat. ἔχθιστος s. oben. – Die regelmäßige Form ἐχθρότερος Sinmonds. 58 (V, 161) Antip. Th. 49 (VII, 640) u. öfter in der Anth., auch Dem. prooem. 40, der auch im adv. ἐχθροτέρως σ χήσειν.sagt, 5, 18; ἐχθρότατος Pind. N. 1, 64 (aber Ol. 8, 69 ἔχθιστος); θεοῖς ἐχθρότατον βροτῶν Soph. O. R. 1346; Plat. epigr. 8 (VI, 43), u. öfter in der Anth.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ά, όν :
1 haï, détesté : τινι, odieux à qqn ; ἐχθρὸν δὲ μοί ἐστιν avec l'inf. OD c'est pour moi une chose odieuse de, etc.
2 qui hait, ennemi de, dat. ou gén. ; ὁ ἐχθρός ATT l'ennemi de qqn;
Cp. ἐχθρότερος, Sp. ἐχθρότατος ; plus us. ἐχθίων, Sp. ἔχθιστος, rar. ἐχθίστατος.
Étymologie: ἔχθος.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἐχθρός: (compar. ἐχθίων и ἐχθρότερος, superl. ἔχθιστος и ἐχθίστατος, поэт. тж. ἐχθρότατος Pind., Soph., Anth.)
1 внушающий ненависть, ненавистный (δῶρά τινος Hom.; θεοῖσιν Hes., Arph.): ἐχθρόν μοί ἐστιν αὖτις εἰρημένα μυθολογεύειν Hom. я не люблю вновь пересказывать рассказанное;
2 ненавидящий, враждебный, неприязненный (γλῶσσα, ὀργαί Aesch.): ἦν τῷ Ἄγιδι ἐ. Thuc. (Алкивиад) враждебно относился к Агиду.
II ὁ враг, ненавистник (τινος Pind., Aesch., Thuc., Xen., Dem. и τινι Thuc., Xen.): ἐχθροῖς ἐχθρὰ πορσύνειν Aesch. с врагами обойтись по-вражески.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἐχθρός: -ά, -όν, (ἔχθος) μισητός, μεμισημένος, ἐπὶ προσώπων καὶ πραγμάτων, συχνὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου καὶ ἐφεξῆς. (Ὁ Ὅμ. ἔχει τὴν λέξιν μόνον ἐπὶ ταύτης τῆς Παθ. σημασίας)· ἐχθρός γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς Ἀΐδαο πύλῃσιν Ἰλ. Ι. 312, πρβλ. 378, Ὀδ. Ξ. 156· ἐχθρὸν δὲ μοί ἐστιν, μετ’ ἀπαρ., εἶναι μισητὸν εἰς ἐμὲ νὰ..., Μ. 452· θεοῖσιν ἐχθρὸς Ἡσ. Θ. 766, Θέογν. 601, Ἀριστοφ. Ἱππ. 34· ὁ γὰρ θεοῖσιν ἐχθρὸς αὐτὰ κατέφαγεν Πλάτ. Κωμ. ἐν «Μενέλεῳ» 1, κτλ. ΙΙ. ἐνεργ., μισῶν, ἔχων ἔχθραν πρός τινα, τινι Θουκ. 8. 45, Ξεν. Ἀγησ. 6. 1, κλ.: μετὰ γεν., ὕβριος ἐχθρὰν ὁδὸν Πινδ. Ο. 7. 165: ἀπολ., ἐχθρὰ γλῶσσα Αἰσχύλ. Χο. 309· ὀργαὶ Εὐμ. 987, κτλ. ΙΙΙ. πολλάκις ὡς οὐσιαστ., ἐχθρός, ὁ, ἔνθα αἱ δύο ἔννοιαι ἥ τε ἐνεργ. καὶ ἡ παθ. συμπίπτουσιν, Ἡσ. Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 340, Πίνδ., Τραγ., κλ.· ἀνὴρ ἐχθρὸς Ἡρόδ. 1. 92· ὁ Διὸς ἐχθρὸς Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 120· ἐχθροῖς ἐχθρὰ πορσύνων Ἀγ. 1374· εἰ... τινα ἴδοι ἐχθρὸν ἑαυτοῦ Θουκ. 4. 47· οἱ ἐμοὶ ἐχθροὶ ὁ αὐτ. σ. 89, κτλ. ― Κατὰ τὸν Ἀμμώνιον: «ἐχθρὸς πολεμίου καὶ δυσμενοῦς διαφέρει. ἐχθρὸς μὲν γὰρ ὁ πρότερον φίλος· πολέμιος δὲ ὁ μεθ’ ὅπλων χωρῶν πέλας· δυσμενὴς δὲ ὁ χρόνιον πρὸς τὸν ποτὲ φίλον τὸ μῖσος διατηρῶν καὶ ἀδιαλλάκτως ἔχων»· πρβλ. Πολυδ. Α΄, 150. IV. πλὴν τῶν ὁμαλῶν Συγκρ. καὶ Ὑπερθ. ἐχθρότερος, -τατος (Πινδ. Ν. 1. 98, Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 1346), οἱ ἀνώμαλοι τύποι ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος (οὓς ἴδε) ἦσαν ἐν κοινῇ χρήσει. V. Ἐπίρρ. ἐχθρῶς, Πλάτ. Νόμ. 697D, κλ. - Συγκρ. ἐχθροτέρως, Δημ. 61. 26.
English (Autenrieth)
English (Slater)
ἐχθρός (-ός, -όν, -ῶν, -οῖσι; -ά, -ᾷ, -άν; -ά acc.: -ότατον m. acc.)
1 adj.
a act., hostile τις ἐχθρᾷ λόγον φράσαις ἀνάγκᾳ (O. 2.59) στάσιν ἐχθρὰν κουροτρόφον fr. 109. 4. c. gen., ἐπεὶ ὕβριος ἐχθρὰν ὁδὸν εὐθυπορεῖ ( hostile to arrogance: cf. φίλον (P. 3.5) ) (O. 7.90)
b pass., hated, hateful ἐπεὶ τό γε λοιδορῆσαι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ σοφία (O. 9.38) ἐχθρὰ Φάλαριν κατέχει παντᾷ φάτις (P. 1.96) καί τινα σὺν πλαγίῳ ἀνδρῶν κόρῳ στείχοντα τὸν ἐχθρότατον φᾶσέ νιν δώσειν μόρῳ (Boeckh: μόρον codd.: τῷ ἐχθροτάτῳ μόρῳ Beck) (N. 1.65) ἐχθρὰ δ' ἄρα πάρφασις ἦν καὶ πάλαι (N. 8.32) ἐχθρὰν ἔριν οὐ παλίγγλωσσον Παρθ. 2. 63.
2 subs., foe, adversary ποτὶ δ' ἐχθρὸν ἅτ ἐχθρὸς ἐὼν λύκοιο δίκαν ὑποθεύσομαι (P. 2.84) κατὰ λαύρας δ' ἐχθρῶν ἀπάοροι πτώσσοντι (P. 8.86) κεῖνος αἰνεῖν καὶ τὸν ἐχθρὸν παντὶ θυμῷ σύν τε δίκᾳ καλὰ ῥέζοντ' ἔννεπεν (P. 9.95) χρὴ δὲ πᾶν ἔρδοντ' ἀμαυρῶσαι τὸν ἐχθρόν (I. 4.48) εἰ δέ τις ἀρκέων φίλοις ἔχθροῖσι τραχὺς ὑπαντιάζει (Pae. 2.32) ]ς ἐχθρῶν ὁμιλήσειε[ Πα. 13b. 1.
3 n. pl. acc., pro adv. [ὁ δ] ἐχθρὰ νοήσαις ἤδη φθόνος οἴχεται with hostile intent (Pae. 2.54)
English (Strong)
from a primary echtho (to hate); hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially Satan): enemy, foe.
English (Thayer)
ἔχθρα, ἐχθρόν (ἔχθος hatred); the Sept. numberless times for אויֵב, also for צַר, several times for שׂונֵא and מְשַׂנֵּא, a hater;
1. passively, hated, odious, hateful (in Homer only in this sense): ἀγαπητός).
2. actively, hostile, hating and opposing another: ἐχθρός here (as in τῇ διάνοια, opposing (God) in the mind, ἐχθρός ἄνθρωπος, a man that is hostile, a certain enemy, ὁ ἐχθρός, the hostile one (well known to you), i. e. κατ' ἐξοχήν the devil, the most bitter enemy of the divine government: ὁ ἐχθρός (and ἐχθρός) substantively, enemy (so the word, whether adjective or a substantive, is translated in A. V., except twice (R. V. once) foe: ἔσχατος ἐχθρός, Luke 1:(L brackets; others omit the genitive (see above)); τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, who given up to their evil passions evade the obligations imposed upon them by the death of Christ, Philippians 3:18.
Greek Monolingual
-ά, -ό, αρσ. και εχτρός και οχτρός (ΑΜ ἐχθρός, -ά, -όν, Μ αρσ. και ὀχθρός και ὀχτρός)
1. αυτός εναντίον του οποίου αισθάνεται κάποιος έχθρα, μίσος, απέχθεια, αποστροφή («ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὅμως Ἀΐδαο πύλῃσιν», Ομ. Ιλ.)
2. (συν. το αρσ. και θηλ. ως ουσ.) ο εχθρός, η εχθρά
α) (αντίθ. του φίλος) αντίθετος, αντίπαλος (α. «ἐχθροῖς ἔχθρα πορσύνων», Αισχύλ.
β. «ο εχθρός του κράτους»)
β. πολέμιος, αντίπαλος στον πόλεμο (α. «τρέψοι εἰς ἐχθροὺς βέλος», Αισχύλ.
β. «θαρρώντας πως εχτύπησαν εχθρό», Σολωμ.)
μσν.
ο διάβολος («νικώντας τον εχθρόν», Στουδ. Θεόδ.)
αρχ.
αυτός που έχει εχθρική διάθεση προς κάποιον, ο εχθρικά διακείμενος («κακόνους μέν ἐστι καὶ ἐχθρὸς ὅλη τῇ πόλει», Δημοσθ.).
επίρρ...
ἐχθρῶς (Α)
κατά εχθρικό τρόπο, με εχθρότητα, με μίσος, με αποστροφή.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Αβέβαιη είναι η σχέση του εχθρός με τον συγγενή τ. έχθος. Επικρατέστερη είναι η άποψη ότι αρχικός τ. είναι το εχθρός, (θ. εχθ- + επίθημα -ρο-ς), από τον οποίο παρήχθησαν τα παραθετικά εχθίων, έχθιστος και το ουδέτερο σιγμόληκτο όνομα έχθος, όπως ακριβώς στα κυδρός > κυδίων, κύδιστος, κύδος. Στην περίπτωση αυτή υπάρχει αντιστοιχία με το λατ. επίρρ. ext-ra «εκτός» και παράλληλη σημασιολογική εξέλιξη με το λατ. hostis. Η αρχική σημασία είναι «ξένος», «ο εκτός της κοινωνικής ομάδας άνθρωπος», η οποία εξελίσσεται στη σημασία «αντίπαλος», «μισητός». Αντίστοιχο επίρρ. εχθός «εκτός» υπάρχει στην Αρχ. Ελλ., η σχέση του όμως με τα εχθρός, έχθος είναι επίσης αβέβαιη. ΠΑΡ.: έχθρα, εχθραίνω, εχθρεύω, εχθρικός
αρχ.
εχθαίρω, εχθοδοπός, έχθομαι, εχθρώδης, εχθρώς
αρχ.-μσν.
εχθρία
μσν.
έχθριος
νεοελλ.
εχθρότητα.
ΣΥΝΘ. (Α' συνθετικό) αρχ. εχθόσδικος, εχθροδαίμων, εχθροειδώς, εχθρολέων, εχθρόξενος, εχθροποιώ
μσν.
εχθρελέγκτης, εχθρόθεος, εχθρόκοσμος, εχθρόφρων
μσν.- νεοελλ.
εχθρολέτης
νεοελλ.
εχθροπάθεια, εχθροπραξία
(Β' συνθετικό) αρχ. εθέλεχθρος, φίλεχθρος.
Greek Monotonic
ἐχθρός: -ά, -όν (ἔχθος),
I. μισητός, απεχθής, αντιπαθητικός, σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· ἐχθρόν μοί ἐστιν, με απαρ., είναι μισητό σε εμένα να..., σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.
II. Ενεργ., αυτός που έχει έχθρα με, τινι, σε Θουκ. κ.λπ.
III. ως ουσ., ἐχθρός, ὁ, πολέμιος, αντίπαλος, σε Ησίοδ. κ.λπ.· ὁ Διὸς ἐχθρός, σε Αισχύλ.· οἱ ἐμοὶ ἐχθροί, σε Θουκ.
IV. ομαλ. συγκρ. και υπερθ., ἐχθρότερος, -τατος, σπάνιοι· ανώμ. ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος συνηθέστερα.
V. επίρρ., ἐχθρῶς, σε Πλάτ. κ.λπ.· συγκρ. ἐχθροτέρως, σε Δημ.
Middle Liddell
ἐχθρός, ή, όν ἔχθος
I. hated, hateful, Hom., etc.; ἐχθρόν μοί ἐστιν, c. inf., 'tis hateful to me to . ., Il.
II. act. hostile, at enmity with, τινι Thuc., etc.
III. as substantive, ἐχθρός, ὁ, one's enemy, Hes., etc.; ὁ Διὸς ἐχθρός Aesch.; οἱ ἐμοὶ ἐχθροί Thuc.
IV. the regul. comp. and Sup. ἐχθρότερος, -τατος are rare: the irreg. ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος being more used.
V. adv. ἐχθρῶς, Plat., etc.; comp. ἐχθροτέρως, Dem.
Chinese
原文音譯:™cqrÒj 誒赫特羅士
詞類次數:形容詞(32)
原文字根:有 毀滅(者) 相當於: (אָיַב)
字義溯源:可恨的,敵意的,為仇的,為敵的,仇敵的,仇人的,仇,敵;源自(ἐχθρός)X*=恨)。人因著邪惡的行為,心思上與神為敵( 西1:21)。一個信徒,仇敵要吞喫他( 彼前5:8);世界(世人)要恨他( 雅4:4);他自己的家人,也成了仇敵( 太10:36)。儘末了要被毀滅的仇敵,就是死( 林前15:26)
同源字:1) (ἔχθρα)敵對 2) (ἐχθρός)可恨的參讀 (ἀντίδικος)同義字
出現次數:總共(32);太(7);可(1);路(8);徒(2);羅(3);林前(2);加(1);腓(1);西(1);帖後(1);來(2);雅(1);啓(2)
譯字彙編:
1) 仇敵(27) 太5:43; 太5:44; 太10:36; 太13:25; 太13:39; 太22:44; 可12:36; 路1:71; 路1:74; 路6:27; 路6:35; 路10:19; 路19:27; 路19:43; 路20:43; 徒2:35; 徒13:10; 羅5:10; 羅12:20; 林前15:25; 林前15:26; 腓3:18; 來1:13; 來10:13; 雅4:4; 啓11:5; 啓11:12;
2) 仇人(1) 帖後3:15;
3) 為敵的(1) 西1:21;
4) 是仇敵(1) 羅11:28;
5) 敵(1) 太13:28;
6) 仇敵麼(1) 加4:16
Mantoulidis Etymological
Ἀπό τό ἔχθος (=μίσος) ἀπό ὅπου καί τά παράγωγα: ἐχθαίρω (=μισῶ), ἔχθρα, ἐχθραίνω, ἐχθραντέος, ἐχθραντικός, ἔχθρασμα, ἐχθρεύω, ἐχθρικός, ἔχθω (=μισῶ).
Translations
hateful
Bulgarian: омразен, ненавистен; Catalan: odiós; French: odieux; German: häßlich, gehässig; Ancient Greek: ἀπεχθής, στυγερός; Irish: fuafar, gráiniúil; Middle Irish: fúathmar; Japanese: 憎い, 忌まわしい; Old English: āfor; Persian: نفرت انگیز, هودر; Polish: nienawistny; Russian: ненавистный; Spanish: odioso; Swedish: förhatlig; Turkish: iğrenç, tiksinç, nefret uyandıran; Ukrainian: ненависний
hated
Arabic: مُبْغَض, مَكْرُوه; Azerbaijani: mənfur, nifrətli, nifrət doğuran; French: détesté; Ancient Greek: στυγερός, στυγνός; Sanskrit: घृणित; Swedish: hatad; Turkish: menfur, nefret edilen, karşı çıkılan; Ukrainian: ненависний, зненавиджений
adversary
Arabic: خَصْم, مُقَاوِم; Armenian: ախոյան; Azerbaijani: rəqib; Belarusian: супраці́ўнік, супраці́ўніца, праці́ўнік, праці́ўніца, сапернік, саперніца; Bulgarian: противник, противница, противничка, неприятел, неприятелка, съперник, съперница, съперничка; Catalan: adversari, adversària; Chinese Mandarin: 敵手, 敌手, 對手, 对手; Czech: protivník, protivnice; Danish: modstander; Dutch: tegenstander, tegenstandster; Finnish: vastustaja, vastapuoli, vihollinen; French: adversaire, ennemi, ennemie; Galician: adversario, adversaria; German: Gegner, Gegnerin, Widersacher, Widersacherin, Gegenspieler, Gegenspielerin, Kontrahent, Kontrahentin; Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌹𐍃; Greek: αντίπαλος; Ancient Greek: ἀνταγωνιστής, ἀντηρέτης, ἀντίδικος, ἀντίζηλος, ἀντίπαλος, ἀντιπόλεμος, ἀντίφρων, διαπολιτευτής, διάφορος, ἐνστάτης, παλαιστής, παράμιλλος, πολέμιος, Σατάν, Σατᾶν, σατανᾶς, Σατανᾶς; Hebrew: יָרִיב, אוֹיֵב; Hindi: प्रतियोगी; Hungarian: ellenfél; Icelandic: andstæðingur, óvinur; Italian: avversario, avversaria; Japanese: 敵, 相手, アドバーサリー, 敵対者; Kashubian: warg; Kazakh: қарсылас; Korean: 적대자(敵對者), 애드버서리, 경쟁자(競爭者); Kyrgyz: теңтайлашуучу; Latin: adversarius, adversaria; Malayalam: എതിരാളി, പ്രതിയോഗി; Norman: advèrsaithe; Norwegian Bokmål: motstander, opponent; Nynorsk: motstandar, opponent; Persian: همیستار, هماورد, رقیب; Plautdietsch: Jäajna; Polish: przeciwnik, przeciwniczka, oponent, oponentka, adwersarz, adwersarka; Portuguese: adversário, adversária; Romanian: adversar, adversară; Russian: соперник, соперница, противник, противница, неприятель, неприятельница; Sanskrit: विपक्ष; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: про̀тӣвнӣк, про̀тӣвница; Roman: pròtīvnīk, pròtīvnica; Slovak: odporca, protivník, protivníčka; Slovene: nasprotnik, nasprotnica; Spanish: adversario, adversaria; Swedish: motståndare; Tajik: рақиб; Telugu: వ్యతిరేకి; Turkish: rakip; Turkmen: garşydaş; Ukrainian: супротивник, супротивниця, противник, противниця, суперник, суперниця; Uyghur: رەقىب; Uzbek: raqib; Vietnamese: đối thủ
enemy
Abkhaz: аӷа, аҕа; Afrikaans: vyand; Alabama: ātikànko; Albanian: shemër, armik, anmik; Amharic: ጠላት; Apache Western Apache: indaa; Arabic: عَدُوّ, عَدُوَّة; Egyptian Arabic: عدو; Armenian: թշնամի, ոսոխ; Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܸܫ̃ܡܸܢ, ܒܥܸܠܕܒ݂ܵܒ݂ܵܐ, ܒܥܸܠܕܒ݂ܵܒ݂ܬܵܐ; Asturian: enemigu, enemiga; Atong: bawbyl; Avar: тушман; Azerbaijani: düşmən, yağı; Baluchi: دژمن, دشمن; Bashkir: дошман; Bats: მასთხოვ; Belarusian: вораг, праці́ўнік, праці́ўніца; Bengali: দুশমন, শত্রু; Bikol Central: kaiwal; Breton: enebour; Bulgarian: враг, неприятел, неприятелка, противник, противница, противничка, душманин, душманка; Burmese: ရန်သူ, ငြိုးသူရန်ဖက်, ရန်ဖက်; Buryat: дайсан; Catalan: enemic; Cebuano: kaaway; Central Huishui Hmong: yeeb ncuab; Chechen: мостагӏ; Cherokee: ᏓᎾᏓᏍᎧᎩ; Chichewa: mdani; Chinese Dungan: дижын, дўшыман; Mandarin: 敵人, 敌人, 仇敵, 仇敌, 敵, 敌; Chuvash: тӑшман; Corsican: nemicu; Crimean Tatar: duşman; Czech: nepřítel, nepřítelkyně, nepřítelka; Dalmatian: nemaic; Danish: fjende; Dutch: vijand, tegenstander; Esperanto: malamiko, malamikino; Estonian: vaenlane; Even: булэн; Evenki: булэн; Faroese: fíggindi, óvinur; Finnish: vihollinen; French: ennemi, ennemie; Middle French: ennemy; Old French: enemi; Friulian: nimì, inimì; Galician: inimigo, inimiga; Georgian: მტერი; German: Feind, Feindin, Gegner, Gegnerin; Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃; Greek: εχθρός; Ancient Greek: ἐχθρός; Gujarati: દુશ્મન, શત્રુ; Hausa: maƙiyi; Hawaiian: hoa paio; Hebrew: אוֹיֵב, שׂוֹנֵא; Hindi: दुश्मन, शत्रु, वैरी, द्वेषी, बैरी, विरोधी, विपक्षी, अरि; Hungarian: ellenség; Icelandic: óvinur; Ido: enemiko; Indonesian: musuh, lawan; Interlingua: inimico; Irish: namhaid; Italian: nemico, nemica; Japanese: 敵, 仇敵; Javanese: mungsuh; Kalmyk: дәәсн; Kannada: ಶತ್ರು; Karakhanid: يَغىٖ; Kashubian: warg, wróg; Kazakh: жау, дұшпан, қас; Khmer: សត្រូវ, ខ្មាំង; Komi-Permyak: вӧрӧг; Korean: 적(敵), 구적(仇敵), 원수(怨讐), 원쑤(怨讐); Kumyk: душман; Kurdish Central Kurdish: دوژمن; Northern Kurdish: dijmin; Kyrgyz: жоо, душман; Lao: ສັດຕູ; Latgalian: īnaidnīks; Latin: inimicus; Latvian: ienaidnieks, ienaidniece, naidnieks, naidniece; Laz: დუშმენი, დუშმანი; Lithuanian: priešas, priešė; Lombard: nemis; Low German: Feend, Feendin, Fiend, Fiendin, Gegensmann, Gegensfro; Luxembourgish: feind; Lü: ᦶᦉᧆᦏᦜᦴ; Macedonian: непријател, непријателка, душман, душманка; Malagasy: dovy; Malay: musuh, lawan, seteru; Malayalam: ശത്രു; Maltese: għadu; Manx: noid; Maori: hoariri; Marathi: शत्रू; Middle English: enemy, fo, feend; Moksha: душман; Mongolian Cyrillic: дайсан; Mongolian: ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ; Navajo: anaʼí; Neapolitan: nemmìco; Nepali: शत्रु, दुश्मन; Ngazidja Comorian: âdui; Norman: enn'mîn; North Frisian: Fiind; Norwegian Bokmål: fiende, uvenn; Nynorsk: fiende, uven, uvenn; Occitan: enemic; Old Occitan: enemic; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: врагъ; Glagolitic: ⰲⱃⰰⰳⱏ; Old East Slavic: ворогъ; Old English: fēond; Old Javanese: mungsuh; Old Norse: fjándi, fjándmaðr, óvinr; Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰍𐰃; Oromo: diina; Ossetian: знаг, фыдгул; Ottoman Turkish: دشمن, یاغی; Pali: sattu; Pashto: دوښمن, دښمن; Persian: دشمن, خصم, عدو; Plautdietsch: Fient; Polish: wróg, nieprzyjaciel, nieprzyjaciółka, przeciwnik, przeciwniczka; Portuguese: inimigo, inimiga; Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ; Quechua: awqa; Romagnol: nemìg; Romanian: dușman, inamic, vrăjmaș, inamică; Russian: враг, противник, противница, неприятель, неприятельница, недруг, ворог; Rusyn: ворог; Samoan: fili; Sanskrit: अरि, शत्रु, विपक्ष; Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ; Sardinian: anemigu; Scottish Gaelic: nàmhaid, nàmh; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: нѐпријатељ, непријатѐљица, ду̏шман / ду̀шма̄н, ду̏шманин; Roman: nèprijatelj, neprijatèljica, dȕšman / dùšmān, dȕšmanin; Shor: ырчы, ӧштӱг; Sicilian: nimicu, nemicu; Sidamo: diina; Sindhi: دشمن; Sinhalese: සතුරා; Slovak: nepriateľ, nepriateľkyňa, nepriateľka; Slovene: sovražnik, sovražnica; Somali: cadow; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: njepśijaśel; Upper Sorbian: njepřećel, wróh; Spanish: enemigo, enemiga; Sundanese: musuh; Svan: ამახვ; Swahili: adui; Swedish: fiende; Tagalog: kaaway; Tajik: душман, аду, хасм; Tamil: இரிஞன், சத்துரு, சதேரன், தெவ்வன், பகைவன், பொருநன், வேரியன்; Tatar: дошман, яу; Telugu: శత్రువు; Thai: ศัตรู; Tibetan: དགྲ་བོ; Tigrinya: ጻላኢ; Tocharian B: sāṃ; Tok Pisin: birua; Turkish: düşman, hasım, yağı; Turkmen: duşman; Tuvan: дайзын; Udi: дуьшмаьн; Ugaritic: 𐎛𐎁, 𐎌𐎗𐎗; Ukrainian: ворог, противник, противниця, супротивник, супротивниця, недруг; Urdu: دشمن; Uyghur: دۈشمەن; Uzbek: dushman, xasm; Venetian: nemigo, inimigo; Vietnamese: kẻ thù, kẻ địch, địch; Volapük: neflen; Welsh: gelyn; Yakut: өстөөх; Yiddish: פֿײַנד, שׂונא; Yoruba: ọtá; Zazaki: dışmen; Zulu: izitha
hostile
Albanian: armiqësor; Arabic: عَدَائِيّ; Belarusian: варожы, воражы; Bulgarian: вражески, неприятелски, враждебен; Catalan: hostil; Chinese Mandarin: 敵對的, 敌对的, 懷敵意的, 怀敌意的; Czech: nepřátelský; Dutch: vijandig; Esperanto: malamika; Finnish: vihamielinen; French: hostile; German: feindlich, feindselig; Greek: εχθρικός, δάϊος; Ancient Greek: πολέμιος; Hungarian: ellenséges; Japanese: 敵の, 敵対的な; Kazakh: ғадауатты; Korean: 적대적인; Latin: hostilis, alienus; Macedonian: непријателски; Norwegian Bokmål: fiendtlig; Nynorsk: fiendtleg; Occitan: ostil; Old English: fēondlīċ; Plautdietsch: fientlich; Polish: wrogi; Portuguese: hostil; Quechua: awqa; Romanian: ostil; Russian: враждебный, вражеский, неприятельский; Scottish Gaelic: nàimhdeach, nàimhdeil, eucairdeach; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: непријатѐљскӣ; Roman: neprijatèljskī; Slovak: nepriateľský; Slovene: sovražen; Spanish: hostil; Swedish: fientlig; Ukrainian: ворожий
Lexicon Thucydideum
inimicus, enemy, 1.33.3, 1.35.4. 1.35.41.41.1, 1.41.3. 1.41.31.43.2. 1.44.1, 1.69.4. 1.69.6. 1.70.5. 1.121.5. 1.144.5. 2.2.4. 2.62.3, 3.32.2. 3.39.8, 3.40.6. Ibid. in the same place 3.58.2, 3.65.3, 3.70.6,
item likewise 3.75.1. 3.39.3. 3.81.2. 3.81.4, 4.19.1, 4.27.5. 4.47.3, 4.74.3. 5.16.1. 5.17.1. 5.69.1. 6.10.2. 6.17.7, 6.18.1, 6.29.3. 6.38.4. 6.61.1. 6.79.1. 6.85.1, 6.85.16.89.2. 7.33.6. 7.68.1, 7.68.2. 8.45.1, 8.53.2,
COMP. 4.86.5,
SUP. 1.71.4, 2.71.3, 3.59.2, 3.59.4. 3.112.7. 4.63.2, 5.27.2. 6.79.2. 7.68.2, 8.50.5.