πρᾶγμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=-ατος, τό, Ion. [[πρῆχμα]] ''Schwyzer'' 688 ''B''16, ''C''5 (Chios, v B. C.), ''GDI''5598.4 (Ephesus); also [[πρῆγμα]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.33, al., but [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] perhaps wrote [[πρῆχμα]], which is [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in 1.133 ap.Ath.4.144a (cod. A), and in 3.49,57 (''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1619.326,379); cf. <b class="b3">πρήχματος οὐχ ὁσίου</b> imitated from [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] in ''Epigr.Gr.''1092 (Erechtheum): ([[πράσσω]]):—<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[deed]], [[act]], the concrete of [[πρᾶξις]], but freq. approaching to the abstract sense, Thgn.116, al.; opp. [[λόγοι]], D.2.12, etc.; πραγμάτων ὀρθὰν ὁδόν Pi.''O.'' 7.46; <b class="b3">γυναίου π. ἐποίει</b> did the [[act]] of a woman, D.25.57, cf. 18.24, etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[occurrence]], [[matter]], [[affair]], πᾶσαν τελευτὰν πράγματος Pi.''O.'' 13.75, cf. ''P.''4.278; τί τοῦδε σοὶ μέτεστι π. λέγε A.''Eu.''575, cf. 584; π. τοιόνδε συνηνείχθη γενέσθαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.33, cf. 9.92, Th.2.64; ἐς μέσον σφι προετίθεε τὸ π. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.206; τί δ' εἰδὼς τοῦδε π. πέρι; [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''747 codd.; τὸ π. εἰς ὑπέρδεινόν μοι περιέστη D.21.111; <b class="b3">ὁρᾶτε τὸ π., οἷ προελήλυθε κτλ</b>., Id.4.9, cf. 8.7.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[thing]], [[concrete reality]], ἆρ' ἔστιν αὔλησίς τι π.; Epich.171.1; opp. [[ὄνομα]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''391b, 436a, And.4.27; δύο π… τοιάδε, οἷον Κρατύλος καὶ Κρατύλου εἰκών [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''432b; <b class="b3">ὡς ἀργαλέον π. ἐστίν</b> c. inf., Ar.''Pl.''1; οὐδὲ π. οὐθέν ἐστι παρὰ τὰ μεγέθη.. τὰ αἰσθητὰ κεχωρισμένον Arist. ''de An.''432a3, cf. ''Mete.''379a32, ''Ph.''226b30, 227b28; διαμάχονται περὶ τοῦ λευκὸν ἢ μὴ λευκὸν εἶναι τὸ π. Plu.2.1109d, cf. 1112d; ἐξ ἀζωΐας καὶ ζωῆς συγκείμενον π. Porph.''Sent.''21: pl., τῶν π. ἀΐδιος ἔσσα Philol.6, cf. Democr.164, Arist.''Xen.''974a25, ''Pol.''1252a24; τὰ μετέωρα πράγματα Ar.''Nu.''228, cf. 250, 741; opp. [[ὀνόματα]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''39oe, D.9.15.<br><span class="bld">b</span> contemptuously, [[thing]], [[creature]], <b class="b3">κακῷ πράγματι</b> [[wretched]] [[creature]], viz. the [[sophist]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 312c; <b class="b3">τούτῳ τῷ π.</b>, viz. the [[demos]], Id.''Grg.''520b; ὁ δῆμος ἀσταθμητότατον π. D.19.136; <b class="b3">ἄμαχον πρᾶγμα</b>, of a [[woman]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.1.36.<br><span class="bld">3</span> like [[πρᾶξις]] 1.2, ὄφελος ''1'', in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], <b class="b3">πρῆγμά ἐστι</b> or <b class="b3">ἐστί μοι</b>, c. inf., it is [[advantageous]] for me, εὕρισκε π. οἱ εἶναι ἐλαύνειν 1.79, cf. 4.11: with a neg., εὕρισκέ οἱ οὐ π. εἶναι στρατεύεσθαι Id.7.12: also c. acc. et inf., <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ἂν εἴη π. γνώμας ἐμὲ σοὶ ἀποφαίνεσθαι</b> there will be no [[advantage]] or [[need]], Id.1.207; <b class="b3">π. ἂν ἦν μοῦνον</b> the only thing [[needful]], Id.7.130.<br><span class="bld">4</span> thing of [[consequence]] or [[importance]], <b class="b3">π. ποιήσασθαι [τι]</b> ib.150; π. οὐδὲν ἐποιήσαντο Id.6.63; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν π., ὦ Σώκρατες</b> no [[matter]], S., [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 447b, cf. E.''Med.''451; ὡς.. οὐδὲν ὂν π., εἰ καὶ ἀποθάνοι Pl.''Euthphr.''4d; <b class="b3">δῆλον ἦν ὅτι π. τι εἴη</b> that there was [[something the matter]], X.''An.''4.1.17.<br><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">π. ἐστί μοι</b> it [[concerns]] me, <b class="b3">σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν π.</b> they had [[nothing to do]] with the A., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.84, cf. D.18.283; <b class="b3">ᾧ μὴ π. μὴ εἰσίναι</b> no admittance except on [[business]], Sammelb.6152.22 (i B. C.): c. gen. rei, <b class="b3">οἷς μηδὲν ἦν π. τοῦ πολέμου</b> who were not [[concern]]ed in the [[war]], Plu.''Pomp.''65; <b class="b3">τὸ σὸν τί ἐστι π.</b>; what is your [[pursuit]] or [[business]], what are you about? Pl. ''Ap.''20c, cf. ''Alc.''1.104d.<br><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">μέγα π.</b> a man [[of consequence]], D.35.15; τὸ μέγα π. ἐν τῇ πόλει Men.''Sam.''175; <b class="b3">ἦν μέγιστον π. Δημοκήδης παρὰ βασιλέϊ</b> he was made much of by the [[king]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.132; <b class="b3">π. μέγα φρέατος</b> a [[fine]] [[large]] [[tank]], Alex.179.<br><span class="bld">5</span> used of a battle, [[action]], [[affair]], ὡς οἱ σωθέντες ἐκ τοῦ π. ἀπέφυγον X.''HG''7.1.17.<br><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">τὸ π.</b> the [[love affair]] of [[Harmodius]] and [[Aristogeiton]], Aeschin.1.132.<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[fact]], opp. [[λόγος]], [[ὄνομα]], Arist. ''Top.''146a3, ''SE''175a8; πρὸς τὸ π. καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν Id.''Ph.''263a17: pl., οὐκ ἐχρῆν τῶν π. τὴν γλῶσσαν ἰσχύειν πλέον E.''Hec.''1188.<br><span class="bld">8</span> [[matter in hand]], [[question]], Hp.''Acut.''39; πρὸς τὸ π. Pl.''Men.''87a, Arist.''APr.''70a32, D.54.26; διαιρεῖν κατὰ τὸ π. Arist. ''Pol.''1299b18; <b class="b3">ἔξω τοῦ π.</b>, v. [[ἔξω]] 1.2b.<br><span class="bld">III</span> in plural, [[πράγματα]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[circumstance]]s, [[affair]]s, τὰ ἀνθρωπήϊα πράγματα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.207; ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ ἀγαθοῖς π. Th.3.82, cf. 1.89; <b class="b3">τοῖς π. τέθνηκα τοῖς δ' ἔργοισιν οὔ</b> by [[circumstance]]s, not by [[act]]s, E.''Hel.''286; ἐν τοιούτοις π. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.7.2, ''An.''2.1.16, etc.; δεινὸς πράγμασι χρῆσθαι D.1.3, cf. X.''HG''3.5.1; τύχη τὰ θνητῶν πράγματ', οὐκ εὐβουλία Chaerem.2; [[ἀποτυγχάνειν]] τῶν πραγμάτων = [[fail]] to [[prosper]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.2.28; the [[condition]] of a [[patient]], τὰ τῶν νοσεύντων π. Hp.''Prog.''1 (also in sg., ἐξαπίνης ὅλῳ τῷ π. μεταβάλλειν Id.''Acut.'' 35; so also ''poet.'', ποῦ ποτ' εἰμὶ πράγματος; S.''Tr.''375, cf.''Aj.''314).<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[state affairs]], τὰ πολιτικὰ π. Pl.''Ap.''31d; <b class="b3">ἔστ' ἐν ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως τὰ πράγματα</b> the [[fortunes]] of the [[state]], Ar.''Lys.''32; a [[state]] or [[empire]], <b class="b3">τὰ Περσικὰ πράγματα</b> the [[Persian]] [[power]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.137; τὰ Περσέων πράγματα Id.7.50, etc.; διαπεπόρθηται τὰ Περσῶν πράγματα [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''714; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ πράγματα ἐγένετο Th.1.74; μὴ ὥσπερ θεῷ νομίζετ' ἐκείνῳ τὰ παρόντα πεπηγέναι πράγματα ἀθάνατα D.4.8, cf. 44, etc.; παρασπάσασθαί τι τῶν ὅλων π. Id.1.3; of [[government]], [[καταλαμβάνειν]] τὰ πράγματα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.39, cf. Th.3.30 (Pass.); <b class="b3">ἔχειν τὰ πράγματα</b> ib.62,72, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.83; κατέχειν τὰ πράγματα Th.4.2; ἐς μέσον Πέρσῃσι καταθεῖναι τὰ πράγματα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.80; [[οἱ ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι]] = [[those who are in power]] or [[those who are in office]], Th.3.28, D.9.56, Arist.''Pol.''1307b10; οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς π. ὄντες D.9.2; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν π. Id.18.247, cf. Plb.3.69.4, [[LXX]] ''1 Ma.''3.32; ἐν τυραννίδι καὶ πλούτῳ καὶ πράγμασι Plu.2.150c; <b class="b3">τριῶν ἀνδρῶν δημοσίων π. ἀποκαταστάσεως</b>, = Lat. [[triumvir reipublicae constituendae]], Sammelb. 4224.2 (i B. C.); κοινωνοὶ τῶν π. X.''HG''2.3.17; νεώτερα π. [[innovations]], Lys.13.6, Isoc.7.59, etc., cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.19; but <b class="b3">εὐνούστατος τοῖς π.</b> a [[friend]] [[to things as they are]], Lys.12.65.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[fortune]]s, [[cause]], [[circumstance]]s, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.236, 237; κοινὰ πράγματα E.''IT''1062; τέρας γὰρ ὁ βίος καὶ τὰ πράγματα ἐστί μου Id.''Hel.''260; ἔρρει τἀμὰ π. X.''Smp.''1.15, cf. [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Alcestis|Alc.]]''280: [[τὰ πράγματα]] alone, [[one's all]], [[one's fortunes]], ἐν ᾧπέρ ἐστι πάντα μοι τὰ πράγματα [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]'' 474; = [[κτήματα]], Hp. (''Lex''5?) ap.Erot.: in sg., φαῦλον γὰρ ἂν εἴη τὸ ἐμὸν π. Pl.''Hp.Ma.''286e, cf. ''Cri.''53d, ''Ap.''42a.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[business]], esp. [[law]] [[business]], πρός τινα Antipho 6.12, Th.1.128; οὔτε ἐμαυτοῦ οὔτε ἀλλότρια π. πράξας Lys.12.3; δικῶν γὰρ οὐ δέομ' οὐδὲ πραγμάτων Ar.''V.''1426; πράγματα κἀντιγραφάς Id.''Nu.''471: metaph. in sg., <b class="b3">πονηρὸν τὸ π. ἔχειν</b> to have a [[bad]] [[case]], Arist.''Rh.''1415b22.<br><span class="bld">5</span> in bad sense, [[trouble]], [[annoyance]], ἁπάντων αἰτίους τῶν π. [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''310; <b class="b3">πρήγματα ἔχειν</b>, c. part., to have [[trouble]] about a thing, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.147, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''174b, etc.; π. ἔχειν ἐν τῷ δείπνῳ [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.3.4, etc.; π. [[λαμβάνειν]] Id.''Lac.''2.9; <b class="b3">π. παρέχειν τινί</b> to cause one [[trouble]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.155, Ar.''Pl.''20, al.: c. inf., cause one the [[trouble]] of doing, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 115a, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.5.46, Ar.''V.''313; πραγμάτων.. ἀπαλλαγείς Id.''Ach.''269 (lyr.), cf. Pl.''Ap.''41d, ''R.''406e; <b class="b3">ἄνευ πραγμάτων, σὺν πράγμασι</b>, D.1.20, X.''An.''6.3.6: less freq.in sg., μηδὲν πρῆγμα παρέχειν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.239.