ἀμαλδύνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(ἀμαλός) Ep. (not in Od.) and Ion. word, properly, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[soften]], [[mitigate]], ἐλπωρὴ ἀμαλδύνει κακότητα <span class="bibl">Q.S.1.73</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.401</span>; but in early Ep. [[crush]], [[destroy]], τεῖχος ἀμαλδῦναι <span class="bibl">Il.12.18</span>; [[bring low]], συμφορὰ ἐσθλὸν ἀμαλδύνει <span class="bibl">B.13.3</span>; [[put an end to]], τὴν διὰ τοῦ ὀμφαλοῦ πνοήν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Puer.</span>17</span>; [[use up]], [[squander]], χρήματα <span class="bibl">Theoc.16.59</span>; [[weaken]], ὀφθαλμούς <span class="title">Cat.Cod.Astr.</span>2.174:—Pass., ὥς κεν . . τεῖχος ἀμαλδύνηται <span class="bibl">Il.7.463</span>; ἀμαλδυνθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>380</span>; ὄμματα ἀ. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span> 2.201</span>; ἀ. ἡ δίοδος τῆς γονῆς Id.<span class="title">Genit.</span>2; ἀμαλδυνθεῖσα χρόνῳ περικαλλέα μορφήν <span class="title">AP</span>6.18 (Jul.); [[neglect]], [[waste]], <span class="bibl">Democr.202</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[conceal]], [[disguise]], εἶδος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>94</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.R.1.834</span>; [[efface]], στίβον <span class="bibl">Id.4.112</span>.</span>

|dgtxt=<b class="num">• Prosodia:</b> [ᾰ-]<br /><b class="num">I</b> <b class="num">1</b>[[aplastar]], [[destrozar]] τεῖχος <i>Il</i>.12.18, ὑπὸ τοῦ Διὸς ἀμαλδυνθήσομαι Ar.<i>Pax</i> 380<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[estropear]] [[εἶδος]] <i>h.Cer</i>.94, ὀφθαλμούς <i>Cat.Cod.Astr</i>.2.174, τίς φθόνος ἠμάλδυνε ... χαίτην; Nonn.<i>D</i>.18.349<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[poner fin]] τὴν διὰ τοῦ ὀμφαλοῦ πνοήν Hp.<i>Nat.Puer</i>.17<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[borrar]] στίβον A.R.4.112.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[ocultar]] φόνου τέλος A.R.1.834.<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[malgastar]] τὰ παρέοντα Democr.B 202, χρήματα Theoc.16.59.<br /><b class="num">4</b> fig. [[deprimir]], [[desmoralizar]] συμφορὰ δ' ἐσθλὸν τ' ἀμαλδύνει B.14.3.<br /><b class="num">II</b> en v. med.-pas.<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[deshacerse]], [[destruirse]] ὥς κέν τοι ... τεῖχος ἀμαλδύνηται <i>Il</i>.7.463.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[estropearse]] ὄμματα Hp.<i>Mul</i>.2.201, ἡ [[δίοδος]] ἀμαλδύνεται τῆς γονῆς Hp.<i>Genit</i>.2, ἀμαλδυνθεῖσα χρόνῳ περικαλλέα μορφήν <i>AP</i> 6.18 (Iul.).<br /><b class="num">III</b> [[ablandar]], [[mitigar]] ἐλπωρὴ ... ἀμαλδύνει κακότητα Q.S.1.73, πάντα ... ἠμάλδυνε θεὴ Κύπρις Q.S.13.401.<br /><br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> De la raíz *<i>melH^u̯</i>- ‘moler’, ‘machacar’, ‘blando’. C. dist. grados vocálicos y trat., encontramos en gr. μάλευρον, μύλη, μάλκη, [[βλάξ]], [[βληχρός]], [[βλαδύς]], μαλακός, [[ἀμαλός]], [[ἀμβλύς]], [[βλίτον]], etc. Fuera del griego lat. <i>molo</i>, <i>mulier</i>, <i>blandus</i>, got. <i>mulda</i> ‘polvo’, ai. <i>mlāyati</i> ‘debilitarse’, etc.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[destroy]], [[weaken]] (Il.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: One assumes a denominative from <b class="b3">*ἀμαλδύς</b>, which is further not known. The first question is whether the word has the same root as [[βλαδύς]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]). The [[ἀ-]] must then have been added after the privative formations (which always express some lack), but this is not very probable; influence of [[ἀμαλός]] is not very likely. - The form seems identical with Lat. [[mollis]] (< <b class="b2">*moldu̯is</b>) [[soft]], Skt. <b class="b2">mr̥dú-</b> id. Arm. [[meɫk]] [[weak]], [[soft]] shows no initial laryngeal for this group (Pok. 718). The absence of prothesis could point to substratal origin, but there are no other indications for this. - [[μέλδομαι]] [[to smelt]] is hardly cognate because of its meaning. However, it has a variant [[ἀμέλδειν]] showing the same problem as [[ἀμαλδύνω]] \/ [[βλαδύς]]. In this case we are certain of cognate forms with <b class="b2">s-</b>, OHG [[smelzan]]; does this point to <b class="b2">h₂m-</b>\/<b class="b2">sm-</b>? The question has not been solved. - [[μαλθακός]], [[μαλακός]], [[ἀμαλός]] and [[ἀμβλύς]] differ too much to be useful. Not here [[βλέννα]] and [[μύλη]].

|ftr='''ἀμαλδύνω''': {amaldúnō}<br />'''Grammar''': v.<br />'''Meaning''': [[zerstören]], [[schwächen]], [[entstellen]] (ep. ion.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Wahrscheinlich faktitives Denominativ von *ἀμαλδύς, bis auf den (prothetischen?) Anlautsvokal = lat. ''mollis'' (< *''moldu̯is''), aind. ''mr̥dú''-; mit anderem Ablaut arm. ''meɫk''. Falls nicht prothetisch, könnte ἀ- im Anschluß an die Privativbildungen hinzugefügt sein (oder nach [[ἀμαλός]]?). Neben *ἀμαλδύς steht, mit anderer Behandlung des sonantischen ''l'', βλαδύς in βλαδεῖς (s. d.)· ἀδύνατοι ἐξ ἀδυνάτων H., wohl auch in βλαδέα (Konj. Hp. ''Aër''. 20); ferner, nach einer glaubhaften Vermutung bei Gal. 19, 88, [[βλαδαρός]] < *μλαδ- [[schlaff]], mit dem bekannten Suffixwechsel υ : ρο ([[αἰσχύνη]] : [[αἰσχρός]]). Vgl. μέλδομαι, [[μαλθακός]], außerdem [[ἀμαλός]] und [[ἀμβλύς]], des weiteren auch [[βλέννα]] und [[μύλη]]. Ältere Lit. bei Bq und WP. 2, 288.<br />'''Page''' 1,84