δίκη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῐ], ἡ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[custom]], [[usage]], <b class="b3">αὕτη δ. ἐστὶ βροτῶν</b> this is the [[way]] of [[mortal]]s, Od.11.218; ἡ γὰρ δ. ἐστὶ γερόντων 24.255, etc.; ἥ τ' ἐστὶ δ. θείων βασιλήων 4.691; ἡ γὰρ δμώων δ. ἐστίν 14.59, etc.; <b class="b3">ἡ γὰρ δ., ὁππότε</b>… this is always the [[way]], when... 19.168 (so in late Prose, ἥπερ [[ἱππομαχία]]ς δ. Arr.''An.''3.15.2); <b class="b3">δίκαν ἐφέπειν τινός</b> to imitate him, Pi.''P.''1.50; <b class="b3">δ. ἐπέχειν τινός</b> to [[be like]]... Anon.Lond.6.18; [[normal course of nature]], ἐκ τουτέων ὁ θάνατος οὐ γίνεται κατά γε δίκην, οὐδ' ἢν γένηται Hp.''VC''3: hence,<br><span class="bld">2</span> adverb. in acc. [[δίκην]], [[in the way of]], [[after the manner of]], c. gen., λύκοιο Pi.''P.''2.84; πώλου S. ''Fr.''659; τοξότου Pl.''Lg.''705e; in later Prose, Arist.''Mu.''395b22, Luc. ''Dem.Enc.''31, Alciphr.1.6, etc.: mostly of living creatures or persons, but also of things, as <b class="b3">δίκην ὕδατος, ἀγγείου</b>, A.''Th.''85 (lyr.), Pl. ''Phdr.''235d.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[order]], [[right]], <b class="b3">μή τι δίκης ἐπιδευές</b> nothing [[short]] of what is [[fit]], Il.19.180; opp. [[βία]], might, 16.388; opp. <b class="b3">σχέτλια ἔργα</b>, Od.14.84; personified, Hes.''Th.''902, A.''Th.''662, etc.; Δίκης βωμός Id.''Ag.''383 (lyr.), ''Eu.''539 (lyr.); [[Truth]], Pi.''P.''8.71.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[δίκη ἐστί]] = [[δίκαιόν ἐστι]], A.''Ag.''259, cf. 811, ''Eu.''277.<br><span class="bld">3</span> Adverb. usages, [[δίκῃ]] = [[duly]], [[rightly]], Il.23.542, Pl.''Criti.''112e; ἐν δίκᾳ Pi.''O.''6.12, cf.S.''Tr.''1069, etc.; σὺν δίκῃ Thgn.197, Pi.''P.''9.96, A.''Th.''444, etc.; κατὰ δίκην [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 7.35, E.''Tr.''888, etc.; μετὰ δίκης Pl.''Lg.''643e; πρὸς δίκης [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1014, ''El.''1211 (but <b class="b3">πρὸς δίκας</b> on the score [[of justice]], Id.''OC''546 (lyr.)); διαὶ δίκας A.''Ch.''641; ἐκ δίκης Herod.4.77: opp. παρὰ δίκαν Pi.''O.''2.18, etc.; ἄνευ δίκης A.''Eu.''554; πέρα δίκης Id.''Pr.''30; βίᾳ δίκης Id.''Supp.''430 (lyr.); <b class="b3">δίχα δίκης</b> without [[trial]], Plu.''Ages.''32; <b class="b3">πρὸ δίκης</b> in preference to [[legal proceedings]], Th.1.141.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[judgement]], <b class="b3">δίκην ἰθύντατα εἰπεῖν</b> give [[judgement]] most [[righteously]] (cf. [[ἰθύς]]), Il.18.508: especially in plural, Λυκίην εἴρυτο δίκῃσί τε καὶ σθένεϊ ᾧ 16.542; περὶ οἶδε δίκας Od.3.244, etc.; δίκαι σκολιαί Hes.''Op.''219,250; κρῖνε εὐθεῖαν δίκην A.''Eu.''433.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> after Hom., of [[proceedings instituted to determine legal rights]], hence,<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[lawsuit]], Pl.''Euthphr.''2a, D.18.210, etc.; prop. [[private suit]] or [[action]], opp. [[γραφή]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), Lys.1.44, etc.; ἐκαλοῦντο αἱ γραφαὶ δίκαι, οὐ μέντοι αἱ δίκαι καὶ γραφαί Poll.8.41; <b class="b3">οἱ δίκην ἔχοντες</b> the parties to a [[suit]], IG7.21.8 (Megara), cf. Plu.''Cic.'' 17.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[trial]] of the case, πρὸ δίκης Is.5.10, etc.; μέχρι τοῦ δίκην γενέσθαι Th.2.53; [[court]] by which it was tried, ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστι καὶ τῇ δίκῃ Antipho 6.6.<br><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">δίκην εἰπεῖν</b> to plead a [[cause]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.8.1; δ. μακρὰν λέγειν Ar.''V.''776, cf. Men.''Epit.''12.<br><span class="bld">3</span> the [[object]] or [[consequence]] of the [[action]], [[atonement]], [[satisfaction]], [[penalty]], <b class="b3">δίκην ἐκτίνειν, τίνειν</b>, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.94, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''113: adverbially in acc., τοῦ δίκην πάσχεις τάδε; A.''Pr.''614; freq. [[δίκην]] or <b class="b3">δίκας διδόναι</b> [[suffer]] [[punishment]], i.e. [[make amends]] (but <b class="b3">δίκας δ.</b>, in A.''Supp.''703 (lyr.), to grant [[arbitration]]); δίκας διδόναι τινί τινος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.2, cf. 5.106; ἔμελλε τῶνδέ μοι δώσειν δίκην S.''El.''538, etc.; also [[ἀντί]] or <b class="b3">ὑπέρ τινος</b>, Ar.''Pl.'' 433, Lys.3.42; also <b class="b3">δίκην διδόναι ὑπὸ θεῶν</b> to [[be punished]] by... Pl. ''Grg.''525b; but <b class="b3">δίκας ἤθελον δοῦναι</b> they consented to submit to [[trial]], Th.1.28; <b class="b3">δίκας λαμβάνειν</b> sometimes = [[δ. διδόναι]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.115; δίκην ἀξίαν ἐλάμβανες E.''Ba.''1312, ''Heracl.''852; more freq. its correlative, inflict [[punishment]], take [[vengeance]], Lys.1.29, etc.; λαβεῖν δίκην παρά τινος D.21.92, cf.9.2, etc.; so <b class="b3">δίκην ἔχειν</b> to [[have one's punishment]], Antipho 3.4.9, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 529c (but <b class="b3">ἔχω τὴν δ.</b> have [[satisfaction]], Id.''Ep.''319e; παρά τινος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.45); [[δίκας]] or <b class="b3">δίκην ὑπέχειν</b> stand [[trial]], Id.2.118, cf. S. ''OT''552; δίκην παρασχεῖν E.''Hipp.''50; <b class="b3">θανάτου δίκην ὀφλεῖν ὑπό τινος</b> to incur the death [[penalty]], Pl.''Ap.''39b; δίκας λαγχάνειν τινί D.21.78; <b class="b3">δίκης τυχεῖν παρά τινος</b> ib.142; <b class="b3">δίκην ὀφείλειν, ὀφλεῖν</b>, Id.21.77, 47.63; ἐρήμην ὀφλεῖν τὴν δ. Antipho 5.13; <b class="b3">δίκην φεύγειν</b> try to escape [[it]], be the [[defendant]] in the [[trial]] (opp. [[διώκειν]] prosecute), D. 38.2; <b class="b3">δίκας αἰτέειν</b> [[demand]] [[satisfaction]], τινός [[for]] a thing, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.114; δ. ἐπιτιθέναι τινί Id.1.120; τινός [[for]] a thing, Antipho 4.1.5; δίκαι ἐπιφερόμεναι Arist.''Pol.''1302b24; δίκας ἀφιέναι τινί D.21.79; <b class="b3">δίκας ἑλεῖν</b>, v. [[ἔρημος]] ''ΙΙ''; <b class="b3">δίκην τείσασθαι</b>, v. [[τίνω]] ''ΙΙ''; δὸς δὲ δίκην καὶ δέξο παρὰ Ζηνί ''h.Merc.''312; <b class="b3">δίκας διδόναι καὶ λαμβάνειν παρ' ἀλλήλων</b>, of communities, [[submit]] [[cause]]s to [[trial]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.83; δίκην δοῦναι καὶ λαβεῖν ἐν τῷ δήμῳ X.''Ath.''1.18, etc.; <b class="b3">δίκας δοῦναι καὶ δέξασθαι</b> submit differences to a [[peaceful]] [[settlement]], Th.5.59.<br><span class="bld">V</span> Pythag. name for [[three]], Plu.2.381f, ''Theol.Ar.''12; for [[five]], ib.31. (Cf. Skt. diś-, diśā 'direction', 'quarter of the heavens'.)