caelum

Latin > English

caelum caeli N N :: heaven, sky, heavens; space; air, climate, weather; universe, world; Jehovah
caelum caelum caeli N N :: chisel; engraving tool; burin

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

caelum: (cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. caedo,
I the chisel or burin of the sculptor or engraver, a graver: caelata vasa... a caelo vocata, quod est genus ferramenti, quem vulgo cilionem vocant, Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.
caelum: (coelum; cf. Aelius ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. Charis. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, only poet., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb. ,
I
v. infra, cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and Charis. p. 21 P., who consider the plur. in gen. as not in use, v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum caelum esset an innumerabilia, nothing can be positively inferred.—Form cael: divum domus altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, root in cavus; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to swell, be hollow; Gr. κύω, κοῖλος], the sky, heaven, the heavens, the vault of heaven (in Lucr alone more than 150 times): hoc inde circum supraque, quod complexu continet terram, id quod nostri caelum memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.: ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum, Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.: quis pariter (potis est) caelos omnīs convortere, Lucr. 2, 1097: boat caelum fremitu virum, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26: quicquid deorum in caelo regit, Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.: lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de caelo, Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the phrase de caelo tangi, to be struck with lightning, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12; so also, e caelo ictus, Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—
   2    Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), son of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; father of Saturn, Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of Vulcan, id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of Mercury and the first Venus, id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—
   3    In the lang. of augury: de caelo servare, to observe the signs of heaven, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so, de caelo fieri, of celestial signs, to appear, occur, id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—
   4    Prov.: quid si nunc caelum ruat? of a vain fear, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 Don.; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi caelo, to drop down from the sky, of sudden or unexpected good fortune, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. caelo missus, Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13: decidere de caelo, Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: caelum ac terras miscere, to confound every thing, overturn all, raise chaos, Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere caelum aratro, of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto caelo errare, to err very much, be much or entirely mistaken, Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—
   5    Gen. caeli in a pun with Caeli, gen. of Caelius, Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—
   6    In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is very freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—
II Meton.
   A Heaven, in a more restricted sense; the region of heaven, a climate, zone, region: cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, quamvis esset procul, mutari lumina putabat, to whatever part of the horizon, however distant, the view was obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45: hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem, Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62: caelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—
   B The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather (very freq.): in hoc caelo, qui dicitur aër, Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102: caelum hoc, in quo nubes, imbres ventique coguntur, Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43: pingue et concretum caelum, id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.: caell intemperies, Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3; Col. prooem. 1' intemperantia, id. ib. 3: spiritus, Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15: gravitas, id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85: varium caeli morem praediscere, Verg. G. 1, 51: varietas et mutatio, Col. 11, 2, 1: qualitas, Quint. 5, 9, 15: caeli solique clementia, Flor. 3, 3, 13: subita mutatio, id. 4, 10, 9 al.—With adj.: bonum, Cato, R. R. 1, 2: tenue, Cic. Fat. 4, 7: salubre, id. Div. 1, 57, 130: serenum, Verg. G. 1, 260: palustre, Liv. 22, 2, 11: austerum, Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123: foedum imbribus ac nebulis, Tac. Agr. 12: atrox, Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.: hibernum, Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122: austrinum, id. 16, 26, 46, § 109: Italum, Hor. C. 2, 7, 4: Sabinum, id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.: quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum Salerni, id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —
   C Daytime, day (very rare): albente caelo, at break of day, Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.: eodem die albescente caelo, Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1: vesperascente caelo, in the evening twilight, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—
   D Height: mons in caelum attollitur, toward heaven, heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf. Verg.: aequata machina caelo, Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the earth or upper world in opposition to the lower world: falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes, Verg. A. 6, 896.—
   E Heaven, the abode of the happy dead, etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.: cum (animus) exierit et in liberum caelum quasi domum suam venerit, Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51: ut non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videretur escendere, id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—
   F Trop, the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor, etc.: Caesar in caelum fertur, Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9: Pisonem ferebat in caelum, praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5: te summis laudibus ad caelum extulerunt, id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things: omnia, quae etiam tu in caelum ferebas, extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5: caelo tenus extollere aliquid, Just. 12, 6, 2: in caelo ponere aliquem, id. ,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem caelo, Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3: Catonem caelo aequavit, Tac. A. 4, 34: caelo Musa beat, Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.: recludere caelum, id. ib. 3, 2, 22; the opp.: collegam de caelo detraxisti, deprived of his exalted honor, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in caelo sum, I am in heaven, i. e. am very happy, id. Att. 2, 9, 1: digito caelum attingere, to be extremely fortunate, id. ib. 2, 1, 7: caelum accepisse fatebor, Ov. M. 14, 844: tunc tangam vertice caelum, Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.: caelum merere, Sen. Suas. 1 init.—
In gen., a vault, arch, covering: caelum camerarum, the interior surface of a vault, Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.: capitis, Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

(1) cælum,¹⁶ ī, n., ciseau, burin, instrument du ciseleur, du graveur : Cic. Ac. 2, 85 ; Quint. 2, 21, 24 || cælum figuli Mart. 6, 13, 1, roue du potier.
(2) cælum,⁶ ī, n., ciel
1 ciel, voûte céleste : rotundum ut cælum terraque ut media sit... sol ut circumferatur Cic. de Or. 3, 178, à savoir que le ciel soit rond, que la terre soit au centre, que le soleil tourne autour ; in cælum ascendere naturamque mundi et pulchritudinem siderum perspicere Cic. Læl. 88, monter dans le ciel et contempler la nature de l’univers, la beauté des astres ; sidera infixa cælo Cic. Nat. 1, 34, astres fixés à la voûte du ciel || phénomènes célestes, signes du ciel : de cælo servare Cic. Div. 2, 74, etc., observer le ciel [chercher à voir des signes dans le ciel] ; de cælo apud Etruscos multa fiebant Cic. Div. 1, 93, en Étrurie, il se produisait dans le ciel beaucoup de phénomènes ; de cælo percussus Cic. Cat. 3, 19 (tactus Liv. 22, 36, 8 ); e cælo ictus Cic. Div. 1, 16, frappé, atteint de la foudre ; cælo albente Cæs. C. 1, 68, 1 ; vesperascente Nep. Pel. 2, 5, au point du jour, à la tombée de la nuit ; eodem statu cæli et stellarum nati Cic. Div. 2, 92, nés avec le même état du ciel et des astres || [prov.] : cælum ac terras miscere Liv. 4, 3, 6, soulever (remuer) ciel et terre ; toto cælo errare Macr. Sat. 3, 12, 10, se tromper lourdement || [séjour de la divinité] : de cælo delapsus Cic. Pomp. 41, tombé (envoyé) du ciel (de cælo demissus Liv. 10, 8, 10 ) ; Herculem in cælum sustulit fortitudo Cic. Tusc. 4, 50, son courage a porté au ciel Hercule || [poét.] cælo gratissimus Virg. En. 8, 64, chéri du ciel ; me adsere cælo Ov. M. 1, 761, admets-moi au ciel (au rang des dieux)
2 ciel, hauteur des airs : ad cælum manus tendere Cæs. C. 2, 5, 3, tendre ses mains vers le ciel ; ad cælum extruere villam Cic. Domo 124, élever jusqu’au ciel une maison ; aer natura fertur ad cælum Cic. Nat. 2, 117, l’air monte naturellement vers le ciel || [fig.] in cælum Cato tollitur Cic. Arch. 22, on porte aux nues Caton (aliquem ad cælum ferre Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12 ; efferre Cic. Marc. 29 ) ; in cælo sum Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1, je suis au septième ciel [je triomphe], cf. digito cælum adtingere Cic. Att. 2, 1, 7, toucher du doigt le ciel ; Bibulus in cælo est Cic. Att. 2, 19, 2, on élève Bibulus jusqu’aux cieux ; de cælo detrahere aliquem Cic. Phil. 2, 107, faire descendre qqn du ciel [de son piédestal]
3 air du ciel, air, atmosphère : omnes naturæ, cælum, ignes, terræ, maria Cic. Nat. 1, 22, tous les éléments, le ciel, le feu, la terre, les mers ; repente cælum, solem, aquam terramque adimere alicui Cic. Amer. 71, enlever soudain à qqn le ciel, le soleil, l’eau, la terre (les 4 éléments) || climat, atmosphère d’une contrée : quæ omnia fiunt ex cæli varietate Cic. Div. 1, 79, tout cela résulte de la diversité des climats ; crasso cælo atque concreto uti Cic. Nat. 2, 42, vivre dans une atmosphère épaisse et dense ; Athenis tenue cælum... crassum Thebis Cic. Fato 7, à Athènes l’atmosphère est subtile... épaisse à Thèbes ; ubi se cælum, quod nobis forte alienum, commovet Lucr. 6, 1119, quand l’atmosphère d’une contrée, qui se trouve nous être contraire, se déplace ; paluster cælum Liv. 22, 2, 11, air (atmosphère) des marais || ciel, état du ciel : cælo sereno Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2, par un ciel serein ; dubio cælo Virg. G. 1, 252, avec un ciel incertain
4 voûte, dôme d’un édifice, voussure : Vitr. Arch. 7, 3, 3 || capitis Plin. 11, 134, voûte du crâne. l’orth. cœlum est défectueuse ; pour le pl. cæli, v. cælus.

Latin > German (Georges)

(1) caelum¹, ī, n. (caedo), der Meißel, Grabstichel des Ziseleurs, Varr. sat. Men. 7. Cic. Acad. 2, 85. Quint. 2, 21, 24: figuli, Mart. 4, 46, 14: Praxitelis, Stat. silv. 4, 6, 25: Plur., ferrea caela, Auson. epigr. 55, 6. p. 211 Schenkl.
(2) caelum² (coelum), ī, n. (zu Wurzel [s] quait, hell, klar, altind. kētú ḥ, Helle, ahd. haitar = nhd. heiter), I) die Himmelswölbung, der Himmel, a) als oberer Weltraum, im Ggstz. zur Erde (die Wasser u. Land umfaßt), Sitz der Gestirne, luftige Höhe u. dgl., o caelum, o terra, o maria Neptuni, Pacuv. fr.: summus ille caeli stellifer cursus, Cic.: caelum totum astris distinctum et ornatum, Cic.: totius caeli descriptio, Cic.: contemplatio caeli, Cic.: spectator caeli siderumque, Liv.: caelum suspicere, Cic.: caelum spectare, Ov.: quaerere unum caelum sit an innumerabilia, Cic.: caelum pingere, Varr. fr. – occasio quasi decidit de caelo, fiel gleichs. vom H. (= kam unverhofft), Plaut.: non de caelo demissos, sed qui patrem ciere possent, nicht wie vom Himmel gefallen (= ganz fremd), Liv. – Sprichw., caelum ac terras miscere, alles von oberst zu unterst kehren, alles umstürzen, Liv. 4, 3, 6 (so auch maria omnia caelo miscere, Verg. Aen. 5, 790): u. caelum findere aratro, etwas Unmögliches tun, Ov. trist, 1, 8, 3: quid si nunc caelum ruat? (v. von eitler Furcht u. Erwartung Ergriffenen) Ter. heaut. 719: toto caelo errare, sich gröblich irren, Macr. sat. 3, 12, 10. – dah. α) als Höhe, wie unser Himmel, mons e mediis arenis attollitur in caelum, himmelan, Plin.: tollere manus ad caelum, Hor. u. Sen. rhet.: od. manus utrasque ad caelum, Sen. rhet.: it caelo (himmelan) clamor, Verg.: sonitum dare caelo, Verg. – u. bes. als bedeutende Höhe, iuncta caelo montium iuga, Liv.: nives caelo prope immixtae, fast himmelhoher, Liv.: educere molem caelo, himmelan, Verg.: caelum contingere (von Örtl.), Liv.: aequare alqd caelo, Verg.: aequare caelum, sich zum H. türmen (v. Meere), Ov.: u. minari in caelum, Verg.: exiit ad caelum arbos, Verg. – β) (poet.) als Oberwelt (Ggstz. Erebus, manes, Tartarus), Hecate caelo Ereboque potens, Verg.: falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes, Verg.: caelum in Tartara (Unterwelt) solvere, Verg. – γ) im Bilde, als Höchstes, was jmd. erreichen kann, Gipfel der Freude, des Glücks, Ruhms u. dgl., digito caelum attigisse putare, fast im H. zu sein glauben (= heilfroh sein), Cic.: caelum accipere, Ov.: u. (v. ungewöhnlichen Lob) alqm, alqd ferre ad od. in caelum, alqm tollere ad caelum, Cic.: alqd extollere caelo tenus, Iustin.: esse in caelo, bis in den H. erhoben werden, Cic.: alqm detrahere de caelo, seines hohen Ruhms berauben, Cic.: exaequat nos victoria caelo, Lucr. – b) als Luft-, Wolkenhimmel, α) als Sitz u. Ausgangspunkt der Lufterscheinungen, des Regens, Blitzes, caelum nocte atque nubibus obscuratum, Sall.: omne caelum hoc, in quo nubes imbres ventique coguntur, quod et umidum et caliginosum est propter exhalationem terrae, Cic.: propter aëris crassitudinem de caelo multa apud eos fiebant, et ob eandem causam multa inusitata partim e caelo, alia ex terra oriebantur, Cic.: a terris quantum caeli patet altus hiatus, Lucr.: subisse in caelum (v. Regenwasser), Plin.: demittere caelo imbres od. ex omni caelo nimbos, Ov.: cadere caelo od. de caelo (v. Meteorsteinen), Liv., u. cadere de caelo (v. Regen), ICt.: delabi de caelo (v. einem Bildnis, einer Fackel), Cic. u. Frontin.: de caelo servare, Himmelszeichen beobachten, Cic.: caelum discedit, Cic.: caelum finditur velut magno hiatu, Liv.: Arpis parmas in caelo visas, Liv.: cadunt caelo fulgura, Verg.: fulmina iaciuntur de caelo, Liv.: tangi de caelo, vom Blitz getroffen werden, Cato, Liv. u.a.: u. so percuti de caelo, Cic., u. ici e caelo, Cic.: ici de caelo, Iul. Obsequ.: et prius coruscare caelum creditur et mox tonare, Apul. – β) als untere Luftschicht, Dunstkreis, Atmosphäre, atmosphärische Luft, caelum liberum, apertum et liberum, die freie Luft, Cic. u.a. (bes. oft caelo libero frui, s. Bünem. Lact. 1, 21, 40): sub caelo, unter freiem H., in freier Luft, Ps. Quint. decl. 314: ferri per caelum, Verg.: per caelum eunte nuntio, Plin. – bes. Region der Witterung, densitas caeli, Vitr.: caeli compressio, Vitr.: potestne tibi haec lux aut huius caeli spiritus esse iucundus, Cic.: alium domi esse caeli haustum, Curt. – dah. Luft = Witterung, Wetter, Klima, caeli temperies, Plin. u.a. (s. Mützell Curt. p. 269): intemperies caeli, rauhe L. od. W., Liv.: gravitas huius caeli, hiesige ungesunde L., Cic.: serenitas caeli, Sen.: status caeli, Witterungsverhältnisse, Curt.: c. vernum, Sen.: c. tenue purumque et propterea salubre, Ggstz. caelum pingue et concretum, Cic.: c. liquidum, Ov.: c. spissum, Ov. u. Sen.: c. palustre, Sumpfluft, Liv.: c. bonum, Cato: c. pestilens. Sen.: c. temperatum, Cels.: c. crassum, Cic.: c. mitissimum, Liv.: c. umidum, siccum, Cels.: c. frigidum, calidum, Cels.: c. grave, Sen. u. Suet. – γ) als Träger der Tageszeit, albente caelo, Sisenn. 4. fr. 103 (b. Quint. 8, 3, 35). Caes. b. c. 1, 68, 1, od. caelo albente, Auct. b. Afr. 11, 1 u. 80, 3: albescente caelo, Paul. dig. 28, 2, 25. § 1: vesperascente caelo, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5. – c) der freie Himmel als Gesichtskreis, Horizont, libertas caeli, Quint.: cuicunque particulae caeli officeretur, Cic.: nox umida caelum abstulit, Verg. – dah. die Himmelsgegend, der Himmelsstrich, in eam caeli partem spectat, Plin.: hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem, Liv.: caelum, non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt, Hor. – d) der Himmel als Sitz der unsterblichen Götter, me assere caelo, erkläre mich himmlischen Ursprungs, Ov.: de caelo delabi (v. Romulus), Liv.: de caelo delapsus, wie ein Bote des Himmels, ein Gottgesandter, Cic.: u. so de caelo demissus, Lucr., caelo missus, Tibull., quasi de caelo missus, Iustin.: caelum conscendere, in den H. steigen, Val. Max.: alqm in caelo ponere, Iustin.: in caelum ire od. abire, gen H. fahren, Suet., Petr. u. Tibull.: so auch in caelum plurimo igne attolli, Tac.: non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videri escendere, Cic. – dah. α) = die Götter selbst, sunt commercia caeli, mit dem H. haben wir (Dichter) Umgang, Ov. am. 3, 549. – β) = göttliche Verehrung, quid me caelum sperare iubebas, Verg. georg. 4, 325. – γ) = Unsterblichkeit, virum caelo Musa beat, Hor.: dicare caelo, Plin.: decretum patri suo caelum, sein V. wurde für unsterblich erklärt, unter die Götter versetzt, Tac. – e) personif., Caelum, ī, n. = Caelus (s. caelus no. II), Hyg. fab. praef. in. p. 2 M. – II) übtr. = die Wölbung, Decke, imum c. camerae, der innere Himmel (die innere Seite) des Gewölbes, Vitr. 7, 3, 3: capitis, Plin. 11, 134. – / Apokop. Form. cael, Enn. ann. 561 (b. Auson. Technop. (XXVII) 13, 17. p. 139 Schenkl. – / Die Schreibung caelum, nicht coelum, jetzt in den meisten Ausgaben, vgl. Wagner Orthograph. Verg. p. 413.

Translations

sky

sky

Abkhaz: ажәҩан; Adyghe: ошъуапщэ; Afrikaans: lug; Aguaruna: nayaim; Ainu: ニㇱ, カンド; Aklanon: eangit; Albanian: qiell; Amharic: ሰማይ; Apache Western Apache: yáá, yaaʼ; Arabic: سَمَاء‎; Egyptian Arabic: سما‎; Hijazi Arabic: سما‎; Aramaic Classical Syriac: ܫܡܝܐ‎; Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: שְׁמַיָּא‎; Argobba: ሱማይ; Armenian: երկինք; Aromanian: tser; Assamese: আকাশ; Asturian: cielu; Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬨𐬀𐬥‎, 𐬥𐬀𐬠𐬀‎; Aymara: alaxa pacha, laqampu; Azerbaijani: göy, səma; Baluchi: آزمان‎, آسمان‎; Bashkir: күк; Basque: zeru; Baure: ani; Belarusian: неба; Bengali: আকাশ; Bouyei: mbenl; Breton: oabl, neñv; Brunei Malay: langit; Buginese: langiq; Bulgarian: небе; Burmese: ကောင်းကင်, မိုး; Buryat: тэнгэри; Catalan: cel; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵉⴳⵏⵏⴰ; Central Melanau: langit; Chamicuro: ikejta; Chamorro: långet; Chechen: стигал; Cherokee: ᎦᎸᎶᎢ; Chickasaw: shotik; Chinese Cantonese: 天; Dungan: тян, асмон, асмар; Mandarin: 天, 天空; Wu: 天; Chuvash: тӳпе; Comanche: tomoobi; Coptic Bohairic: ⲫⲉ; Sahidic: ⲡⲉ; Cornish: ebron; Czech: nebe, obloha; Dalmatian: cil; Danish: himmel; Dhivehi: އުޑު‎; Dutch: hemel, lucht; Eastern Arrernte: alkere; Eastern Bontoc: ad ocho; Erzya: менель; Esperanto: ĉielo; Estonian: taevas; Etruscan: 𐌀𐌉𐌈𐌕𐌓𐌀; Evenki: няӈня; Faroese: himin, himmal; Finnish: taivas; Franco-Provençal: cièl; French: ciel; Friulian: cîl; Galician: ceo; Ge'ez: ሰማይ; Georgian: ცა; German: Himmel; Greek: ουρανός; Ancient Greek: οὐρανός; Guaraní: yvága; Gujarati: આકાશ; Haitian Creole: syèl; Hawaiian: lani; Hebrew: שמיים / שָׁמַיִם‎; Higaonon: gabon, langit; Hiligaynon: ginhanan, sielo; Hindi: आसमान, आकाश, अम्बर, गगन, नभ, आभ; Hittite: 𒉈𒂊𒁉𒅖; Hungarian: ég, égbolt; Hunsrik: Himmel; Ibanag: langit; Icelandic: himinn; Ido: cielo; Ilocano: langit; Indonesian: langit; Ingush: сигале; Inuktitut: ᕿᓚᒃ; Irish: aer, spéir; Istro-Romanian: țer; Italian: cielo; Japanese: 空, 大空, 天空, 天; Jarawa: paŋnaŋ; Javanese: langit; Jingpho: lamu; K'iche': kaj; Kabardian: уафэ; Kalmyk: теңгр; Kannada: ಆಕಾಶ, ಗಗನ; Kapampangan: banwa, banua; Karakhanid: تَنكْرىٖ‎; Kashubian: niebò; Kazakh: аспан, көк; Khmer: មេឃ; Korean: 하늘; Kurdish Central Kurdish: ئاسمان‎; Northern Kurdish: esman; Kyrgyz: асман, көк; Ladino: sielo; Lao: ທ້ອງຟ້າ, ຟ້າ; Latgalian: dabasi; Latin: caelum; Latvian: debesis; Laz: მცა; Lezgi: цав; Lithuanian: dangus, padangė; Livonian: tōvaz; Lombard: ciel; Lubuagan Kalinga: langit, tiyeb; Luganda: eggulu; Luxembourgish: Himmel; Lü: ᦝᦱᧉ; Maasai: enkai; Macedonian: небо; Maguindanao: langit; Malagasy: lanitra; Malay: langit; Malayalam: ആകാശം; Maltese: sema; Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠ; Mansaka: langit; Maori: rangi; Maranao: langit; Marathi: आकाश; Marquesan North Marquesan: 'aki; Megleno-Romanian: țer, tser; Middle English: welken, heven, lift, sky, skew; Middle Korean: 하ᄂᆞᆶ〮; Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭮𐭬𐭠𐭭‎; Mingrelian: ცა; Mirandese: cielo; Mongolian: тэнгэр; Muong: tlời; Nahuatl: iluikatl, ilhuicatl; Nanai: боа; Navajo: yá; Nepali: आकाश; Nheengatu: iuaka; Norman: ciel; Northern Thai: ᨼ᩶ᩣ; Norwegian: himmel; Occitan: cèl; Ojibwe: giizhig, giizhigoon; Okinawan: すら; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: небо; Glagolitic: ⱀⰵⰱⱁ; Old East Slavic: небо; Old English: heofon, lyft; Old Persian Old Portuguese: ceo; Old Prussian: dāngs; Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰚‎, 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃‎; Old Uyghur: tnkry; Oriya: ଆକାଶ; Oromo: samii; Ossetian: арв, уӕларв; Ottoman Turkish: آسمان‎, سما‎, سموات‎, كوك‎; Parthian: assamän; Pashto: هسک‎, آسمان‎; Persian: آسمان‎mân), سپهر‎, جو‎; Phoenician: 𐤔𐤌𐤌‎; Pipil: ilwikak, ilhuicac; Plautdietsch: Himmel; Polabian: nebü; Polish: niebo, firmament inan; Portuguese: céu; Punjabi: ਅਸਮਾਨ, ਆਕਾਸ਼; Purepecha: auanda; Quechua: hanaq pacha; Rapa Nui: rangi; Rarotongan: rangi; Romanian: cer, чер; Romansch: tschiel, tschêl; Russian: небо; Rusyn: небо; Saho: caran; Sanskrit: दिव, आकाश; Sardinian: chelu; Saterland Frisian: Heemel; Scots: lint; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: не̏бо; Roman: nȅbo; Shan: ၽႃႉ; Sichuan Yi: ꃅ; Sicilian: celu; Sidamo: gordo; Sinhalese: අහස, ආකාශය; Slovak: nebo, obloha; Slovene: nebo; Somali: cir; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: njebjo; Upper Sorbian: njebjo; South Marquesan: 'ani; Southern Kalinga: langit; Spanish: firmamento, cielo; Sundanese: awang; Svan: დეც; Swahili: mbingu, anga; Swedish: himmel, sky; Tabasaran: зав; Tagalog: kalangitan, langit; Tahitian: raʻi; Tai Nüa: ᥜᥣᥳ; Tajik: осмон, фалак; Tamil: ஆகாயம்; Taos: p'ȍpə́na; Tatar: күк; Tausug: langit; Telugu: ఆకాశము, గగనము; Tetum: lalehan; Thai: ฟ้า, ท้องฟ้า; Tibetan: གནམ; Tigrinya: ሰማይ; Tocharian A: eprer; Tongan: langi; Tourangeau: ciale, cieu; Turkish: gökyüzü, gök; Turkmen: asman, gök; Tzotzil: vinajel; Tày: fạ; Udi: ҝоьй, гоьг, гог; Udmurt: ин, инбам; Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎎𐎎; Ukrainian: небо; Umbundu: ilu; Urdu: آسمان‎, آکاش‎, گگن‎امبر‎; Uyghur: ئاسمان‎, كۆك‎; Uzbek: koʻk, osmon, falak; Veps: taivaz; Vietnamese: trời; Vilamovian: hymuł; Volapük: sil; Voro: taivas; Votic: taivaz; Walloon: cir, stoelî; Waray-Waray: langit; Welsh: awyr, wybren, wybr; West Frisian: himel; White Hmong: ntuj; Wolof: asamaan; Xhosa: isibhakabhaka; Yagnobi: осмон; Yakut: халлаан; Yami: angit; Yiddish: הימל‎; Yucatec Maya: kaʼan; Yámana: seyf; Zazaki: ezman; Zealandic: 'emel; Zhuang: mbwn, fax; Zulu: isibhakabhaka, izulu 5, amafu ǃXóõ: kùu ǂèe

chisel

Albanian: thadër, daltë; Arabic: إِزْمِيل‎; Armenian: դուր; Belarusian: долата, зубі́ла, стамеска; Bulgarian: длето; Catalan: cisell; Chechen: урс; Chinese Cantonese: 鑿; Mandarin: 鑿子, 凿子; Czech: dláto, sekáč, majzlík; Danish: mejsel, stemmejern; Dargwa: уршури; Dutch: beitel; Esperanto: ĉizilo; Estonian: peitel; Ewe: pɛ; Finnish: taltta; French: ciseau, burin; Friulian: cesel; Galician: cicel, escoupro, formón, trincha; Georgian: საჭრისი, სატეხი; German: Meißel, Stemmeisen, Beitel, Stechbeitel; Greek: σκαρπέλο; Ancient Greek: ἀκίς, ἀκίσκλη, ἀκίσκλος, γλαρίς, γλυπτήρ, γλύφανος, γλυφεῖον, γλυφίς, ἐγκοπεύς, κολαπτήρ, κοπεύς, λαξευτήριον, λατομίς, ξοΐς, ξυστήρ, σμίλη, σμῖλα, τύκος; Gujarati: છીણી; Hebrew: אִזְמֵל‎; Hindi: छेनी; Hungarian: véső; Icelandic: sporjárn; Ido: cizelo; Igbo: mma-mkpa; Inari Sami: hugimbor; Irish: gearrthóir; Italian: scalpello, cesello; Japanese: 鑿; Javanese: pahat; Kazakh: тескіш; Khmer: ពន្លាក; Korean: 끌; Kyrgyz: кескич; Latin: scalprum, caelum; Latvian: kalts; Lingala: sizó; Lithuanian: káltas; Macedonian: длето; Malay: pahat; Maltese: furmatur, skarpell; Maori: whao; Mongolian: цүүц; Nepali: छिनो, राँबो, रामो; Northern Sotho: pêtlô; Norwegian Bokmål: meisel; Nynorsk: meitel, meisel; Occitan: cisèl; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: длато; Glagolitic: ⰴⰾⰰⱅⱁ; Old English: heardhēawa; Old Javanese: pahat; Persian: اسکنه‎; Plautdietsch: Beitel; Polish: dłuto, przecinak; Portuguese: cinzel; Romanian: daltă; Russian: долото, зубило, стамеска; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: длето, длијето; Roman: dleto, dlijeto; Slovak: dláto, majzlík, majzel; Slovene: dleto; Spanish: formón, cincel, escoplo, piqueta, zapapico; Swahili: patasi; Swedish: mejsel, stämjärn; Tagalog: pait, paningkal; Telugu: శానం; Thai: สิ่ว; Tibetan: འབུག, གཟོང; Turkish: keski, makas, iskarpela; Turkmen: isgene; Ukrainian: долото, зубило, стамеска; Vietnamese: cái đục; Vilamovian: bǡsuł; Walloon: cizea; Welsh: cŷn, gaing; Yup'ik: cupilaq