τοίνυν: Difference between revisions
From LSJ
ὕπνος δεινὸν ἀνθρώποις κακόν → sleep is a terrible evil for humans (Menander, Sententiae monostichoi 1.523)
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|Definition=(τοι, νυν) <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">therefore, accordingly</b>, an inferential Particle (never in Hom. or Hes.), χρὴ τ. πύλας ὕμνων ἀναπιτνάμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.27</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ τ</b> . . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.57</span>; <b class="b3">ἂν τ</b> . . . <span class="bibl">D.4.7</span>; introducing a logical conclusion (less freq. than <b class="b3">οὖν</b>), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>159d</span>; <b class="b3">φανερὸν τ., δῆλον τ</b>., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1260a2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>641a15</span>; also to introduce a minor premiss, or a particular instance of a general proposition, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>399b</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.103</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> in dialogue, to introduce an answer, <b class="b2">well</b> or <b class="b2">well then</b>, ἄπειμι τ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1050</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.5.89</span>, etc.; esp. an answer which has been led up to by the same speaker, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>76a</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).121.31 (Epid., iv B. C.); in response to an invitation to speak, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>961</span>, etc.; in expression of approval, esp. in phrase καλῶς τ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>433a</span>, etc.; κάλλιστα τ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>856</span>; also of disapproval or criticism, ἀπόλοιο τ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1236</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1067</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> continuing an argument, <b class="b2">well then</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>178d</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.36</span>, <span class="bibl">7.7.28</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> resuming the thread of argument or narrative after a break, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>562b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>275d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.47.64</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> adding or passing to a fresh item or point, <b class="b2">further, moreover, again</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>33c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.8.73</span>, <span class="bibl">20.18</span>; ἔτι τ. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>19</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 109a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cri.</span>52c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.8</span>; καὶ τ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.2.25</span>; καί τ. καί <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>234a</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ τ. μηδέ</b> . . <b class="b2">nay</b>, not even... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.6.19</span>; οὐ τ. οὐδέ <b class="b2">nor again</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>57</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> sts. at the beginning of a speech, <b class="b3">ἐγὼ μὲν τ</b> .... referring to something present to the minds of the speaker and hearer, <b class="b2">now</b> I... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.1.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.2.14</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> with subj. of exhortation or imper., in signfs. <span class="bibl">1</span>,<span class="bibl">2</span>,<span class="bibl">3</span>, <b class="b3">εὖ τ. ἐπίστασθε</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.4.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>20.25</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> Position: in early writers <b class="b3">τοίνυν</b> is never the first word in a sentence, but this is not uncommon in later authors, as <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Is.</span>3.10</span>, <span class="title">Mim. Oxy.</span>413.225, <span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span> l.c., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>13.13</span>, Gal.2.526, <span class="bibl">S.E. <span class="title">M.</span>8.429</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>11.127 (Poll.), <span class="title">IG</span>4.620.13 (Argos), Chor.32.34 F.-R. cod. (<<b class="b3">τῷ</b>> add. Kaibel); it is usually placed second, but sts. later, ἥξω φέρουσα συμβολὰς τ. ἅμα <span class="bibl">Alex.143.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>863</span>, etc. [ῠ regularly, as <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>760</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>71</span>: but sts. ῡ, as <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1259</span>, Alex. l. c.; in anap., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>429</span>,<span class="bibl">435</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>481</span>.]</span> | |Definition=(τοι, νυν) <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">therefore, accordingly</b>, an inferential Particle (never in Hom. or Hes.), χρὴ τ. πύλας ὕμνων ἀναπιτνάμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.27</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ τ</b> . . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.57</span>; <b class="b3">ἂν τ</b> . . . <span class="bibl">D.4.7</span>; introducing a logical conclusion (less freq. than <b class="b3">οὖν</b>), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>159d</span>; <b class="b3">φανερὸν τ., δῆλον τ</b>., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1260a2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>641a15</span>; also to introduce a minor premiss, or a particular instance of a general proposition, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>399b</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.103</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> in dialogue, to introduce an answer, <b class="b2">well</b> or <b class="b2">well then</b>, ἄπειμι τ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1050</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.5.89</span>, etc.; esp. an answer which has been led up to by the same speaker, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>76a</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).121.31 (Epid., iv B. C.); in response to an invitation to speak, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>961</span>, etc.; in expression of approval, esp. in phrase καλῶς τ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>433a</span>, etc.; κάλλιστα τ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>856</span>; also of disapproval or criticism, ἀπόλοιο τ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1236</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1067</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> continuing an argument, <b class="b2">well then</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>178d</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.36</span>, <span class="bibl">7.7.28</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> resuming the thread of argument or narrative after a break, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>562b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>275d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.47.64</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> adding or passing to a fresh item or point, <b class="b2">further, moreover, again</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>33c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.8.73</span>, <span class="bibl">20.18</span>; ἔτι τ. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>19</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 109a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cri.</span>52c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.8</span>; καὶ τ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.2.25</span>; καί τ. καί <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>234a</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ τ. μηδέ</b> . . <b class="b2">nay</b>, not even... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.6.19</span>; οὐ τ. οὐδέ <b class="b2">nor again</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>57</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> sts. at the beginning of a speech, <b class="b3">ἐγὼ μὲν τ</b> .... referring to something present to the minds of the speaker and hearer, <b class="b2">now</b> I... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.1.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.2.14</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> with subj. of exhortation or imper., in signfs. <span class="bibl">1</span>,<span class="bibl">2</span>,<span class="bibl">3</span>, <b class="b3">εὖ τ. ἐπίστασθε</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.4.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>20.25</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> Position: in early writers <b class="b3">τοίνυν</b> is never the first word in a sentence, but this is not uncommon in later authors, as <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Is.</span>3.10</span>, <span class="title">Mim. Oxy.</span>413.225, <span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span> l.c., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>13.13</span>, Gal.2.526, <span class="bibl">S.E. <span class="title">M.</span>8.429</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>11.127 (Poll.), <span class="title">IG</span>4.620.13 (Argos), Chor.32.34 F.-R. cod. (<<b class="b3">τῷ</b>> add. Kaibel); it is usually placed second, but sts. later, ἥξω φέρουσα συμβολὰς τ. ἅμα <span class="bibl">Alex.143.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>863</span>, etc. [ῠ regularly, as <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>760</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>71</span>: but sts. ῡ, as <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1259</span>, Alex. l. c.; in anap., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>429</span>,<span class="bibl">435</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>481</span>.]</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1124.png Seite 1124]] bes. in Prosa sehr häufige Verstärkung der enklit. Partikel τοι, darum, deshalb, demnach also; oft dient es bei den Att. die Rede wieder aufzunehmen und fortzusetzen, Aesch. Ch. 898 Spt. 978 u. sonst; Soph. El. 1039 O. C. 405; ἔλεγες [[τοίνυν]] δὴ ὅτι, Plat. Gorg. 459 a; Phaed. 72 a Conv. 173 e u. öfter; auch mit leichter Ironie, Soph. O. R. 1067; Ar. oft; Xen. u. Folgde; zu Anfang des Satzes steht es sehr selten, s. Lob. Phryn. 342; Jae. A. P. p. 681; ἔτι [[τοίνυν]], porro, Dem. 1, 25. | |||
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Revision as of 19:45, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
(τοι, νυν)
A therefore, accordingly, an inferential Particle (never in Hom. or Hes.), χρὴ τ. πύλας ὕμνων ἀναπιτνάμεν Pi.O.6.27, etc.; εἰ τ . . . Hdt.1.57; ἂν τ . . . D.4.7; introducing a logical conclusion (less freq. than οὖν), Pl.Chrm.159d; φανερὸν τ., δῆλον τ., Arist.Pol.1260a2, PA641a15; also to introduce a minor premiss, or a particular instance of a general proposition, Pl.Cra.399b, Isoc.4.103, etc. 2 in dialogue, to introduce an answer, well or well then, ἄπειμι τ. S.El.1050, cf. Th.5.89, etc.; esp. an answer which has been led up to by the same speaker, Pl.Men.76a, IG42(1).121.31 (Epid., iv B. C.); in response to an invitation to speak, Ar.Nu.961, etc.; in expression of approval, esp. in phrase καλῶς τ. Pl.Cra.433a, etc.; κάλλιστα τ. Ar.V.856; also of disapproval or criticism, ἀπόλοιο τ. Id.Nu.1236, cf. S.OT1067. 3 continuing an argument, well then, Pl.Smp.178d, X.An.3.1.36, 7.7.28, etc. b resuming the thread of argument or narrative after a break, Pl.R.562b, Plt.275d, D.47.64, etc. c adding or passing to a fresh item or point, further, moreover, again, Pl.Ap.33c, D.8.73, 20.18; ἔτι τ. Hp.VM19, Pl.Phd. 109a, Cri.52c, D.20.8; καὶ τ. X.Cyr.2.2.25; καί τ. καί Pl.Sph.234a; μὴ τ. μηδέ . . nay, not even... X.An.7.6.19; οὐ τ. οὐδέ nor again, Hp.Art.57, D.20.7. 4 sts. at the beginning of a speech, ἐγὼ μὲν τ .... referring to something present to the minds of the speaker and hearer, now I... X.An.5.1.2, cf. Cyr.6.2.14. 5 with subj. of exhortation or imper., in signfs. 1,2,3, εὖ τ. ἐπίστασθε . . Id.An.3.1.36, cf. Cyr.2.4.8, Ev.Luc.20.25, etc. B Position: in early writers τοίνυν is never the first word in a sentence, but this is not uncommon in later authors, as LXX Is.3.10, Mim. Oxy.413.225, Ev.Luc. l.c., Ep.Hebr.13.13, Gal.2.526, S.E. M.8.429, AP11.127 (Poll.), IG4.620.13 (Argos), Chor.32.34 F.-R. cod. (<τῷ> add. Kaibel); it is usually placed second, but sts. later, ἥξω φέρουσα συμβολὰς τ. ἅμα Alex.143.1, cf. Ar.Pl.863, etc. [ῠ regularly, as A.Pr.760, S.Tr.71: but sts. ῡ, as Ar.Eq.1259, Alex. l. c.; in anap., Ar.Nu.429,435, Av.481.]
German (Pape)
[Seite 1124] bes. in Prosa sehr häufige Verstärkung der enklit. Partikel τοι, darum, deshalb, demnach also; oft dient es bei den Att. die Rede wieder aufzunehmen und fortzusetzen, Aesch. Ch. 898 Spt. 978 u. sonst; Soph. El. 1039 O. C. 405; ἔλεγες τοίνυν δὴ ὅτι, Plat. Gorg. 459 a; Phaed. 72 a Conv. 173 e u. öfter; auch mit leichter Ironie, Soph. O. R. 1067; Ar. oft; Xen. u. Folgde; zu Anfang des Satzes steht es sehr selten, s. Lob. Phryn. 342; Jae. A. P. p. 681; ἔτι τοίνυν, porro, Dem. 1, 25.
