πρᾶγμα

English (LSJ)

ατος, τό, Ion. πρῆχμα Schwyzer 688 B16, C5 (Chios, v B. C.), GDI5598.4 (Ephesus); also πρῆγμα Hdt.5.33, al., but Hdt. perh. wrote πρῆχμα, which is v. l. in 1.133 ap.Ath.4.144a (cod. A), and in 3.49,57 (POxy.1619.326,379); cf. πρήχματος οὐχ ὁσίου imitated from Hdt. in Epigr.Gr.1092 (Erechtheum): (πράσσω):—

   A deed, act, the concrete of πρᾶξις, but freq. approaching to the abstract sense, Thgn.116, al.; opp. λόγοι, D.2.12, etc.; πραγμάτων ὀρθὰν ὁδόν Pi.O. 7.46; γυναίου π. ἐποίει did the act of a woman, D.25.57, cf. 18.24, etc.    II occurrence, matter, affair, πᾶσαν τελευτὰν πράγματος Pi.O. 13.75, cf. P.4.278; τί τοῦδε σοὶ μέτεστι π. λέγε A.Eu.575, cf. 584; π. τοιόνδε συνηνείχθη γενέσθαι Hdt.5.33, cf. 9.92, Th.2.64; ἐς μέσον σφι προετίθεε τὸ π. Hdt.1.206; τί δ' εἰδὼς τοῦδε π. πέρι; S.Aj.747 codd.; τὸ π. εἰς ὑπέρδεινόν μοι περιέστη D.21.111; ὁρᾶτε τὸ π., οἷ προελήλυθε κτλ., Id.4.9, cf. 8.7.    2 thing, concrete reality, ἆρ' ἔστιν αὔλησίς τι π.; Epich.171.1; opp. ὄνομα, Pl.Cra.391b, 436a, And.4.27; δύο π . . . τοιάδε, οἷον Κρατύλος καὶ Κρατύλου εἰκών Pl.Cra.432b; ὡς ἀργαλέον π. ἐστίν c. inf., Ar.Pl.1; οὐδὲ π. οὐθέν ἐστι παρὰ τὰ μεγέθη . . τὰ αἰσθητὰ κεχωρισμένον Arist. de An.432a3, cf. Mete.379a32, Ph.226b30, 227b28; διαμάχονται περὶ τοῦ λευκὸν ἢ μὴ λευκὸν εἶναι τὸ π. Plu.2.1109d, cf. 1112d; ἐξ ἀζωΐας καὶ ζωῆς συγκείμενον π. Porph.Sent.21 : pl., τῶν π. ἀΐδιος ἔσσα Philol.6, cf. Democr.164, Arist.Xen.974a25, Pol.1252a24; τὰ μετέωρα π. Ar.Nu.228, cf. 250, 741; opp. ὀνόματα, Pl.Cra.39oe, D.9.15.    b contemptuously, thing, creature, κακῷ πράγματι wretched creature, viz. the sophist, Pl.Prt.312c; τούτῳ τῷ π., viz. the demos, Id.Grg.520b; ὁ δῆμος ἀσταθμητότατον π. D.19.136; ἄμαχον π., of a woman, X. Cyr.6.1.36.    3 like πρᾶξις 1.2, ὄφελος 1, in Hdt., πρῆγμά ἐστι or ἐστί μοι, c. inf., it is advantageous for me, εὕρισκε π. οἱ εἶναι ἐλαύνειν 1.79, cf. 4.11: with a neg., εὕρισκέ οἱ οὐ π. εἶναι στρατεύεσθαι Id.7.12: also c. acc. et inf., οὐδὲν ἂν εἴη π. γνώμας ἐμὲ σοὶ ἀποφαίνεσθαι there will be no advantage or need, Id.1.207; π. ἂν ἦν μοῦνον the only thing needful, Id.7.130.    4 thing of consequence or importance, π. ποιήσασθαι [τι] ib.150; π. οὐδὲν ἐποιήσαντο Id.6.63; οὐδὲν π., ὦ Σώκρατες no matter, S., Pl.Grg.447b, cf. E.Med.451; ὡς . . οὐδὲν ὂν π., εἰ καὶ ἀποθάνοι Pl.Euthphr.4d; δῆλον ἦν ὅτι π. τι εἴη that there was something the matter, X.An.4.1.17.    b π. ἐστί μοι it concerns me, σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν π. they had nothing to do with the A., Hdt.5.84, cf. D.18.283; ᾧ μὴ π. μὴ εἰσίναι no admittance except on business, Sammelb.6152.22 (i B. C.): c. gen. rei, οἷς μηδὲν ἦν π. τοῦ πολέμου who were not concerned in the war, Plu.Pomp.65; τὸ σὸν τί ἐστι π.; what is your pursuit or business, what are you about? Pl. Ap.20c, cf. Alc.1.104d.    c μέγα π. a man of consequence, D.35.15; τὸ μέγα π. ἐν τῇ πόλει Men.Sam.175; ἦν μέγιστον π. Δημοκήδης παρὰ βασιλέϊ he was made much of by the king, Hdt.3.132; π. μέγα φρέατος a fine large tank, Alex.179.    5 used of a battle, action, affair, ὡς οἱ σωθέντες ἐκ τοῦ π. ἀπέφυγον X.HG7.1.17.    6 τὸ π. the love-affair of Harmodius and Aristogeiton, Aeschin.1.132.    7 fact, opp. λόγος, ὄνομα, Arist. Top.146a3, SE175a8; πρὸς τὸ π. καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν Id.Ph.263a17: pl., οὐκ ἐχρῆν τῶν π. τὴν γλῶσσαν ἰσχύειν πλέον E.Hec.1188.    8 matter in hand, question, Hp.Acut.39; πρὸς τὸ π. Pl.Men.87a, Arist.APr.70a32, D.54.26; διαιρεῖν κατὰ τὸ π. Arist. Pol.1299b18; ἔξω τοῦ π., v. ἔξω 1.2b.    III in pl., πράγματα,    1 circumstances, affairs, τὰ ἀνθρωπήϊα π. Hdt.1.207; ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ ἀγαθοῖς π. Th.3.82, cf. 1.89; τοῖς π. τέθνηκα τοῖς δ' ἔργοισιν οὔ by circumstances, not by acts, E.Hel.286; ἐν τοιούτοις π. X.Mem.2.7.2, An.2.1.16, etc.; δεινὸς πράγμασι χρῆσθαι D.1.3, cf. X.HG3.5.1; τύχη τὰ θνητῶν πράγματ', οὐκ εὐβουλία Chaerem.2; ἀποτυγχάνειν τῶν π. fail to prosper, X.Mem.4.2.28; the condition of a patient, τὰ τῶν νοσεύντων π. Hp.Prog.1 (also in sg., ἐξαπίνης ὅλῳ τῷ π. μεταβάλλειν Id.Acut. 35; so also poet., ποῦ ποτ' εἰμὶ πράγματος; S.Tr.375, cf.Aj.314).    2 state-affairs, τὰ πολιτικὰ π. Pl.Ap.31d; ἔστ' ἐν ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως τὰ π. the fortunes of the state, Ar.Lys.32; a state or empire, τὰ Περσικὰ π. the Persian power, Hdt.3.137; τὰ Περσέων π. Id.7.50, etc.; διαπεπόρθηται τὰ Περσῶν π. A.Pers.714; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ π. ἐγένετο Th.1.74; μὴ ὥσπερ θεῷ νομίζετ' ἐκείνῳ τὰ παρόντα πεπηγέναι π. ἀθάνατα D.4.8, cf. 44, etc.; παρασπάσασθαί τι τῶν ὅλων π. Id.1.3; of government, καταλαμβάνειν τὰ π. Hdt.6.39, cf. Th.3.30 (Pass.); ἔχειν τὰ π. ib.62,72, cf. Hdt.6.83; κατέχειν τὰ π. Th.4.2; ἐς μέσον Πέρσῃσι καταθεῖναι τὰ π. Hdt.3.80; οἱ ἐν τοῖς π. those who are in power or office, Th.3.28, D.9.56, Arist.Pol.1307b10; οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς π. ὄντες D.9.2; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν π. Id.18.247, cf. Plb.3.69.4, LXX 1 Ma.3.32; ἐν τυραννίδι καὶ πλούτῳ καὶ πράγμασι Plu.2.150c; τριῶν ἀνδρῶν δημοσίων π. ἀποκαταστάσεως, = Lat. triumvir reipublicae constituendae, Sammelb. 4224.2 (i B. C.); κοινωνοὶ τῶν π. X.HG2.3.17; νεώτερα π. innovations, Lys.13.6, Isoc.7.59, etc., cf. Hdt.5.19; but εὐνούστατος τοῖς π. a friend to things as they are, Lys.12.65.    3 fortunes, cause, circumstances, Hdt.7.236, 237; κοινὰ π. E.IT1062; τέρας γὰρ ὁ βίος καὶ τὰ π. ἐστί μου Id.Hel.260; ἔρρει τἀμὰ π. X.Smp.1.15, cf. E.Alc.280: τὰ π. alone, one's all, one's fortunes, ἐν ᾧπέρ ἐστι πάντα μοι τὰ π. Ar.Ach. 474; = κτήματα, Hp. (Lex5?) ap.Erot.: in sg., φαῦλον γὰρ ἂν εἴη τὸ ἐμὸν π. Pl.Hp.Ma.286e, cf. Cri.53d, Ap.42a.    4 business, esp. lawbusiness, πρός τινα Antipho 6.12, Th.1.128; οὔτε ἐμαυτοῦ οὔτε ἀλλότρια π. πράξας Lys.12.3; δικῶν γὰρ οὐ δέομ' οὐδὲ πραγμάτων Ar.V.1426; πράγματα κἀντιγραφάς Id.Nu.471 : metaph. in sg., πονηρὸν τὸ π. ἔχειν to have a bad case, Arist.Rh.1415b22.    5 in bad sense, trouble, annoyance, ἁπάντων αἰτίους τῶν π. Ar.Ach.310; πρήγματα ἔχειν, c. part., to have trouble about a thing, Hdt.7.147, cf. Pl.Tht.174b, etc.; π. ἔχειν ἐν τῷ δείπνῳ X.Cyr.1.3.4, etc.; π. λαμβάνειν Id.Lac.2.9; π. παρέχειν τινί to cause one trouble, Hdt.1.155, Ar.Pl.20, al.: c. inf., cause one the trouble of doing, Pl.Phd.115a, X.Cyr.4.5.46, Ar.V.313; πραγμάτων . . ἀπαλλαγείς Id.Ach.269 (lyr.), cf. Pl.Ap.41d, R.406e; ἄνευ πραγμάτων, σὺν πράγμασι, D.1.20, X.An.6.3.6: less freq.in sg., μηδὲν πρῆγμα παρέχειν Hdt.7.239.