imperator
οὐ γὰρ ἀργίας ὤνιον ἡ ὑγίεια καὶ ἀπραξίας, ἅ γε δὴ μέγιστα κακῶν ταῖς νόσοις πρόσεστι, καὶ οὐδὲν διαφέρει τοῦ τὰ ὄμματα τῷ μὴ διαβλέπειν καὶ τὴν φωνὴν τῷ μὴ φθέγγεσθαι φυλάττοντος ὁ τὴν ὑγίειαν ἀχρηστίᾳ καὶ ἡσυχίᾳ σῴζειν οἰόμενος → for health is not to be purchased by idleness and inactivity, which are the greatest evils attendant on sickness, and the man who thinks to conserve his health by uselessness and ease does not differ from him who guards his eyes by not seeing, and his voice by not speaking
English > Greek (Woodhouse)
substantive
imperator (in Roman sense): P. στρατηγός, ὁ (late).
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
impĕrātor: (inp-), ōris (archaic form induperator, Enn. Ann. v. 86; 332; 350; 552 Vahl.; Lucr. 4, 967; 5, 1227; cf. 1.
I init.; but in Enn. also imperator, Trag. v. 34 Vahl.), m. id..
I Orig., milit. t. t., a commander-in-chief, general, = στρατηγός (cf.: dux, ductor).
A In gen.: si forte quaereretur, quae esset ars imperatoris, constituendum putarem principio, quis esset imperator: qui cum esset constitutus administrator quidam belli gerendi, tum adjungeremus de exercitu, de castris, etc.... de reliquis rebus, quae essent propriae belli administrandi: quarum qui essent animo et scientia compotes, eos esse imperatores dicerem, utererque exemplis Africanorum et Maximorum; Epaminondam atque Hannibalem atque ejus generis homines nominarem, Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 210: aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet, Caes. B. C. 3, 51, 4: sapiens et callidus imperator, Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 58: bonus ac fortis, id. de Or. 2, 44, 187; cf.: egregie fortis et bonus, id. ib. 2, 66, 268: eosdem labores non aeque esse graves imperatori et militi, id. Tusc. 2, 26, 62: ego sic existimo in summo imperatore quatuor has res inesse oportere, scientiam rei militaris, virtutem, auctoritatem, felicitatem, etc., id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: unum ad id bellum imperatorem deposci, id. ib. 2, 5: nomen invicti imperatoris, id. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 82: Themistocles ... imperator bello Persico, id. Lael. 12, 42: cum pro se quisque in conspectu imperatoris ... operam navare cuperet, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.: insece, Musa, manu Romanorum induperator Quod quisque in bello gessit cum rege Philippo, Enn. ap. Gell. 18, 9, 3 (Ann. v. 332 Vahl.): induperatores pugnare ac proelia obire, Lucr. 4, 967.—As a title, placed after the name: M. Cicero S. D. C. Antonio M. F. Imp., Cic. Fam. 5, 5 inscr.: Cn. Pompeio Cn. F. Magno Imperatori, id. ib. 5, 7 inscr.: Vatinio Imp. S., id. ib. 5, 11 et saep. —
B In partic., pregn., in the times of the republic, a title of honor conferred on a general after any important victory: his rebus gestis Curio se in castra ad Bagradam recepit, atque universi exercitus conclamatione Imperator appellatur, Caes. B. C. 2, 26, 1; cf.: Pompeius eo proelio Imperator est appellatus, id. ib. 3, 71, 3; Cic. Phil. 14, 4, 11; 14, 5, 12; Caes. B. C. 3, 31, 1; Liv. 27, 19, 4; Inscr. Orell. 542; 3417 sq. (cf. also Plin. Pan. 12, 1).—
II Transf. beyond the milit. sphere.
A In gen., a commander, leader, chief, director, ruler, master: (Romani) immutato more annua imperia, binos imperatores sibi fecere, i. e. consuls, Sall. C. 6, 7: (vis venti) Induperatorem classis super aequora verrit, admiral, Lucr. 5, 1227: imperator histricus, director, manager, Plaut. Poen. prol. 4: di te servassint semper ... salus interioris hominis amorisque inperator, id. As. 3, 3, 66: familiae, id. Capt. 2, 2, 57: nolo eundem populum imperatorem et portitorem esse terrarum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 22 (Rep. 4, 7 Mos.): dux et imperator vitae mortalium animus est, Sall. J. 1, 3: vitae nostrae necisque, Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.—
B In partic.
1 An epithet of Jupiter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129: signum Jovis Imperatoris, Liv. 6, 29, 8.—
2 The conqueror at a game of chess, Vop. Proc. 13, 2.—
3 The title of the Roman emperors, placed either before or after the name (cf. I.); before it, Suet. Caes. 76; Claud. 12; 26: IMP. CAESARI DIVI IVLI F., Inscr. Orell. 596; so ib. 597; 600; 602; 604 sq.; after it, Suet. Oth. 2; Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 9; 4, 17, 8; 4, 22, 4.—Hence afterwards absol.: Imperator, a Roman emperor, Tac. A. 3, 74: velut praesagium insequentis casus, quo medius inter utriusque filios exstitit Imperator, Suet. Galb. 6; id. Claud. 13; 29; id. Galb. 3, 6, 20; id. Vit. 3 et saep.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
impĕrātŏr,⁶ ōris, m. (impero),
1 celui qui commande, chef, maître : Pl. Pœn. 4 ; Cic. Rep. 4, 7 ; Sall. C. 6, 7 ; J. 1, 3 ; Plin. 29, 11
2 chef d’armée, général : Cic. de Or. 1, 210 ; etc. ; Cæs. C. 3, 51, 3 ; etc. || titre décerné au général victorieux : Cic. Phil. 14, 11 ; Cæs. C. 3, 31, 1 ; Liv. 27, 19, 4 || [fig.] homme de guerre, capitaine : Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 95 ; 5, 2, etc. || [épithète de Jupiter] Jupiter impérator : Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 129
3 empereur : Suet. Cæs. 76 ; Claud. 12 ; Plin. Min. Ep. 3, 5, 9, etc. arch. induperator Enn. Ann. 83 ; 326, etc. ; Lucr. 4, 967 ; 5, 1227.
Latin > German (Georges)
imperātor, ōris, m. (impero), jeder Befehlshaber, Vorgesetzte, Gebieter, I) eig.: A) im allg.: familiae (des Hausgesindes), Plaut.: imp. histricus, Direktor der Schauspieler, Plaut.: imp. populus, Tac.: populus est imp. omnium gentium, Cic.: vitae, Sall.: vitae necisque, Plin.: im Wortspiel mit imperare provinciam (ein Amt anweisen), Plaut. mil. 1159 u. 1160. – B) insbes., der oberste Befehlshaber beim Heere, der Feldherr, griech. στρατηγός, Caes., Cic. u.a. – dah. ein Ehrentitel, den ein Feldherr nach einem ansehnlichen Siege vom Heere und Senate erhielt, Caes., Cic. u.a.: als Titel gew. dem Namen nachgesetzt, Cn. Pompeio Cn. F. Magno Imperatori, Cic. ep. 5, 7 lemm. – II) übtr.: A) Beiname Jupiters, Cic. Verr. 4, 129. – B) der Sieger im Schachspiele, Vopisc. Proc. 13, 2. – C) seit Cäsar (s. Suet. Caes. 76, 1) ein Titel der Herrscher u. dem Namen bald vor-, bald nachgesetzt (vgl. no. I, B), der Herrscher, Gebieter, Gewalthaber (s. Nipp. Tac. ann. 1, 3), imp. Augustus, Suet.: Otho imp., Suet.: Vespasianus imp., Plin. ep.: imp. Nerva, Plin. ep. – dann absol. = röm. Kaiser, Suet. u. Plin.: scaenicus (auf der Bühne auftretender), von Nero, Plin. pan. – / inpeirator, Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 5041. – Nbf. induperator, s. bes.