castrum
Latin > English
castrum castri N N :: castle, fortress; (fortified) town; [~ doloris => catafalque/coffin platform]
castrum castrum castri N N :: fort/fortress; camp (pl.), military camp/field; army; war service; day's march
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
castrum: i, n. kindred with casa, q. v..
I In sing., any fortified place; a castle, fort, fortress (more rare than castellum): ei Grunium dederat in Phrygiā castrum, etc., Nep. Alcib. 9, 3; Liv. 32. 29, 4; Dig. 27, 1, 17 fin.—
B Esp., nom. propr.
1 Castrum Altum or Album, in Hispania Tarraconensis, Liv. 24, 41, 3.—
2 Castrum Inui, or simply Castrum, an ancient city of the Rutuli, near Ardea, Verg. A. 6, 775; called Castrum, Ov. M. 15, 727; Sil. 8, 359. —
3 Castrum Novum, a city on the seacoast of Etruria, Liv. 36, 3, 6; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 51.—
4 Another Castrum Novum, on the sea-coast of Picenum, now Giulia Nova, Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110; also called absol. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8.—
5 Castrum Truentinum, a maritime city of Picenum, on the river Truentus, Cic. Att. 8, 12, B, 1; also called Truentum, Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110.—
6 Castrum Vergium, a fortress of the Bergistani in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Berga, Liv. 34, 21, 1.—Far more freq.,
II In plur.: castra, ōrum, n. (castra, ae, f.: castra haec vestra est, Att. ap. Non. p. 200, 30; Trag. Rel. p. 238 Rib.).
A Lit., several soldiers' tents situated together; hence, a military camp, an encampment; among the Romans a square (quadrata); later, after the manner of the Greeks, sometimes circular, or adjusted to its situation, Veg. Mil. 1, 23. It was surrounded by a trench (fossa) and a wall (vallum), and had four gates: Porta Praetoria, the front, chief gate, on the opp. side from the enemy, from which the legions marched; opp. to this, Porta Decumana (in later times Porta Quaestoria), the back gate; Porta Principalis Dextra, and Porta Principalis Sinistra, situated on the two sides of the camp, Liv. 40, 27, 4 sq.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—
b Phrases.
(a) With adj.: stativa, occupied for a long time, permanent, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; Caes. B. C. 3, 30; 3, 37; Sall. J. 44, 4; Tac. A. 3, 21: aestiva, summer camp, id. ib. 1, 16; Suet. Claud. 1: hiberna, Liv. 29, 35, 13 (more freq. absol. aestiva and hiberna, q. v.): navalia, an encampment on the shore for protecting the fleet and the troops while landing; sometimes connected with the ships drawn to land, Caes. B. G. 5, 22 Herz.; cf. id. ib. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 35, 13; called also nautica, Nep. Alcib. 8, 5; id. Hann. 11, 6 (cf. id. ib. § 4; Liv. 44, 39): lunata, crescent-shaped, Auct. B. Afr. 80.—With numerals: una, Tac. A. 4, 2: bina, Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27; Liv. 4, 27, 3: quina, Caes. B. C. 3, 9.—
(b) With verb: locum castris antecapere, Sall. J. 50, 1; cf.: capere locum castris, Liv. 4, 27, 3; 9, 17, 15; and montes castris capere, Tac. A. 12, 55: castra metari, Cael. ap. Non. p. 137, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 15 al.: facere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48; Nep. Milt. 5, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29 al.: ponere, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 35; Nep. Hann. 5 fin.: ponere et munire, Sall. J. 75, 7: munire, Caes. B. G. 1, 49; Liv. 44, 39, 1: communire, Caes. B. G. 5, 49; Liv. 23, 28, 3: castra castris conferre, id. 10, 32, 5; 23, 28, 9: castris se tenere, Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8: castra movere, to break up, to decamp, id. ib. 1, 39 fin.; also syn. with to march forth from a camp, id. ib. 1, 15 Herz.; 1, 22; 2, 2; Sall. C. 57, 3; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Eum. 12 fin. et saep.—Hence, also, promovere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48: movere retro, Liv. 2, 58, 3: removere, id. 9, 24, 4: proferre, Caes. B. C. 1, 81: castris castra inferre, Enn. Trag. 201 Vahl.—
c Castra Praetoriana, Praetoria, Urbana or simply Castra, the barracks of the Prœtorians in the suburbs of Rome, Suet. Tib. 37; id. Claud. 21; Tac. A. 4, 2; Suet. Aug. 29; id. Claud. 36; Dig. 48, 5, 15. —
d Castrorum filius, a surname of Caligula, who was brought up in the camp, Suet. Calig. 22; Aur. Vict. Caes. 3.—So, Castrorum mater, an appellation of Faustina, the wife of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, because she accompanied him in an expedition against the Quadi, Capitol. Marc. Aur. 26.—Hence both appell. in later inscriptions as titles of the Roman emperors and empresses.—
B Esp. as nom. propr., like castrum.
1 Castra Corneliana or Cornelia, on the north coast of Africa, near Utica, so called because the elder Scipio Africanus first pitched his camp there, after his landing in Africa, in the second Punic war, Caes. B. C. 2, 24; 2, 25; 2, 37; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—
2 Castra Caecilia, in Lusitania, Plin. 4, 22, 35, § 117.—
3 Castra Hannibalis, a seaport town in Bruttium, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95.—
4 Castra Pyrrhi, a place in Grecian Illyria, Liv. 32, 13, 2.—
5 Castra Vetera or Vetera, a place on the Lower Rhine, now Xanthen, Tac. H. 4, 18; 4, 21; 4, 35; id. A. 1, 45.—
6 Castra Alexandri, a district in Egypt, Curt. 4, 7, 2; Oros. 1, 2.—
C Meton.
1 Since, in military expeditions, a camp was pitched each evening, in the histt. (esp. Livy) for a day's march: secundis castris ( = bidui itinere) pervenit ad Dium, Liv. 44, 7, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 15; cf.: alteris castris, Liv. 38, 13, 2; Curt. 3, 7.— So tertiis castris, Liv. 38, 13, 11; 38, 24, 1; Tac. H. 4, 71: quartis castris, Liv. 44, 46, 10: quintis castris, Caes. B. G. 7, 36; Liv. 28, 19, 4: septimis castris, id. 40, 22, 1: decimis castris, id. 27, 32 fin.; 28, 33, 1.—
2 Military service (hence, often opp. forum and toga), Nep. Epam. 5, 4; Vell. 2, 125, 4; Tib. 4, 1, 39: qui magnum in castris usum habebant, Caes. B. G. 1, 39.—
3 Of beehives: cerea, Verg. A. 12, 589: in apium castris, Pall. 1, 37, 4.—
4 Of a sheepfold, Col. 6, 23, 3.—
5 Of political parties, regarded as arrayed in hostility: si ad interdicti sententiam confugis... in meis castris praesidiisque versaris, Cic. Caecin. 29, 83.—
6 Of philosophical sects: Epicuri castra, Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 1: O castra praeclara (Epicuri)! id. ib. 7, 12, 1; Hor. C. 3, 16, 23; Sen. Ep. 2, 4.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
(1) castrum,¹⁶ ī, n., fort, place forte : Nep. Alc. 9, 3 ; v. castra 2.
Latin > German (Georges)
castrum, ī, n. (Etymol. unsicher, s. Walde2 S. 139), ein eingeschlossener, befestigter Raum; dah. I) Sing., ein gegen feindliche Angriffe mit Mauern od. Schanzen umgebener Ort, das Kastell, Fort, die Festung, Nep. Alc. 9, 3. Callistr. dig. 27, 1, 17. § 7. – Öfter als nom. propr., Castrum, v. Örtlichkeiten, namentlich: 1) Castrum Album (al. Altum), Ort im tarrakon. Hispanien, viell. identisch mit Ἄκρα Λευκή, Liv. 24, 41, 3. – 2) C. Inui, ein verfallener Ort der Rutuler in Latium, zwischen Ardea u. Antium, am Meere, wo Inuus od. Pan gewohnt haben soll, Verg. Aen. 6, 775; u. dass. bl. Castrum, Ov. met. 15, 727. Sil. 8, 359. Rutil. Nam. 1, 227; vgl. Müller-Deecke, Etrusker 2, 63; u. dav. Castrānus, a, um, kastranisch, rura, Mart. 4, 60, 1. – 3) C. Novum, a) röm. Kolonie an der etrurischen Küste, j. Marinello, Liv. 36, 3, 6. Mela 2, 4, 9 (2. § 72). – b) Stadt an der Küste von Picenum, j. Giulia Nova, Plin. 3, 110: u. bl. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8. – 4) C. Truentinum od. Truentum, Ort in Picenum, j. Torre Segura, Pompei. b. Cic. ad Att. 8, 12 (13), 1. – 5) C. Vergium (Bergium), fester Ort der Vergestaner, j. Verga, Liv. 34, 21, 1. – II) Plur., castra, ōrum, n., A) eig.: 1) im allg.: das Feldlager, Kriegslager, Lager, das (urspr. ein Viereck [quadrata], später zuw. kreisförmig od. der Örtlichkeit angemessen) mit einem Graben (fossa) u. hinter diesem nach innen zu mit einem Wall (vallum), auf dem Palisaden (pali) eingerammt waren, umgeben war, c. stativa, für längere Zeit bezogen, Standlager, Cic.: aestiva, Sommerlager, Suet.: hiberna, Winterlager, Liv.: navalia, ein Lager am Ufer zur Deckung der Schiffe u. der ans Land kommenden Truppen, zuw. mit den ans Land gezogenen Schiffen verbunden, Caes. u. Liv.; auch c. nautica gen., Nep.: c. quadrata vel rotunda vel trigona vel oblonga, Veget. mil.: c. lunata, halbmondförmiges, Auct. b. Afr.: c. bina, Liv. – castra metari, s. metor. : castra ponere, Liv., od. locare, Cic., od. collocare, Cic. (auch bildl. castra luxuriae collocare, Cic. Verr. 5, 96), od. facere, Cic., od. constituere, Auct. b. Hisp.: c. munire, Caes., od. communire, Liv., ponere et munire, Sall.: conferre castra cum hoste, castra oppido, castra castris, s. confero no. I, 4, a, β: castra castris convertere (vertauschen), Caes.: castra habere prope muros, Cic., od. in radicibus Amani, Cic., od. ad portas, Caes.: c. habere contra alqm, gegen jmd. im Felde stehen, Caes.: c. proferre, Caes.: c. movere (loco), das L. abbrechen, auch übh. aufbrechen, fortmarschieren, weiterrücken, Caes., Liv. u.a.: castra movere ab od. ex alqo loco, Cic. u. Caes.: castra movere Arretium versus, Cic.: c. promovere, vorwärts marschieren, -gehen, -rücken, Caes.: c. movere retro od. removere, rückwärts marschieren, zurückgehen, Liv.: exercitum castris non movere, Liv.: c. referre, zurück verlegen, weiter rückwärts aufschlagen, Liv.: castra temptare (v. Feinde), Sen.: hostem castris exuere, das Lager nehmen, erbeuten, Liv.: castra hostium diripere, Curt.: se in castra recipere Caes.: cum alqo in castra proficisci, Nep.: castra alcis sequi, jmdm. in den Krieg folgen (= unter jmd. dienen), Nep.: in castris esse cum alqo, jmd. auf seinen Kriegszügen begleiten, Nep. – im Bilde, wie unser Lager, einer Partei, in meis castris praesidiisque versaris, Cic. Caecin. 83: bes. einer philos. Sekte, in Epicuri nos adversarii nostri castra coniecimus, Cic.: soleo in aliena castra transire, nec tamquam transfuga, sed tamquam explorator, Sen.: nil cupientium castra peto, Hor. – in Titeln, Castrorum Filius, ein Titel des Kaisers Kaligula, weil er im Lager geboren u. erzogen war; dann auch anderer Kaiser, Suet. u. Inscr. – Castrorum Pater als Titel der spätern Kaiser, Inscr. – so Castrorum Mater, Titel der Faustina, die ihren Gemahl M. Antoninus Philosophus ins Feld begleitete, und späterhin mehrerer Kaiserinnen, Capitol. – 2) insbes.: a) die Kaserne der Prätorianer in der Vorstadt Roms, Suet. u. Tac.; vollst. c. praetoriana, Suet., od. c. praetoria, Capitol. u. Aur. Vict. – b) das Hoflager, die Hofhaltung, der Hofstaat des Kaisers, Iuven. 4, 135. Spart. Hadr. 13, 7; s. Heinrich Iuven. 4, 135. Gothofr. Cod. Theod. tom. 2. p. 227. – c) als nom. propr., Castra, v. Örtlichkeiten, namentl.: C. Corneliana od. Cornelia, ins Meer auslaufende Anhöhe zwischen Utika u. dem Fluß Bagrada, wo Scipio Africanus im zweiten punischen Kriege landete, Caes. b. c. 2, 24, 2. Mela 1, 7, 2 (1. § 34): auch Castra Scipionis gen., Oros. 4, 22. – C. Postumiana, Ort in Hispania Baetica, Auct. b. Hisp. 8. § 8. – 3) übtr.: α) v. Bienenstocke, cerea, Verg. Aen. 12, 589: apium, Pallad. 1, 37, 4. – β) v. Standquartier der Hirten, stabulariorum, Col. 6, 23, 3. – B) meton.: 1) = Tagesmarsch (bei den Histor.), secundis castris pervenit ad Dium, Liv.: inde alteris castris ad oppidum Catabolum pervenit, Curt.: tertiis castris Ancyram pervenit, Liv.: tertiis castris Rigodulum venit, Tac.: quartis castris ad Insulam pervenit, Liv.: ex eo quintis castris Gergoviam pervenit, Caes. – 2) = Kriegsdienst, castris est vobis utendum, non palaestrā, Nep.: in castris... in toga, Vell.: castrisve forove, Tibull.: magnum in castris usum habere, Caes. – / Nbf. castra, ae, f., castra haec vestrum est, Acc. praet. 16. p. 283 R.2: Nbf. castrus, ī, m., Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 5418.