ἐρέτης: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[rower]] (Il.),<br />Other forms: myk. <b class="b2">e-re-ta</b>; [[eree]] \/[[erehen]]\/ Perpillou, Minos 9\/2,1968, 208-212.<br />Compounds: As 2. member in <b class="b3">ὑπ-ηρέτης</b>, s. v.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἐρετικός</b> <b class="b2">concerning the rowers</b> (Att.); collective abstrakt <b class="b3">εἰρεσίη</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> (<b class="b3">εἰ-</b> metr. lengthening, maintained in prose) <b class="b2">the rowers</b> (Od.); denomin. verb <b class="b3">ἐρέσσω</b>, rare Att. <b class="b3">ἐρέττω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">ἐρέσ(σ)αι</b> [[row]] (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 725). - Beside these the noun instr. <b class="b3">ἐρετμόν</b> n. [[oar]] (Il.) with <b class="b3">ἐρετμόω</b> <b class="b2">complete with oars</b> (E.), PN <b class="b3">Ἐρετμεύς</b> (θ 111; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 121). - Here also the PN <b class="b3">Ἐρέτρια</b> as "the rowing (town)". - On themselves the nouns in <b class="b3">-ηρης</b> and <b class="b3">-ερος</b>, <b class="b3">-ορος</b> like <b class="b3">τρι-ήρης</b> <b class="b2">three-rower</b> (Ion.-Att.), <b class="b3">ἁλι-ήρης</b> <b class="b2">rowing the sea</b> (<b class="b3">κώπη</b> E. Hek. 455 [lyr.]), <b class="b3">πεντηκόντερος</b>, <b class="b3">πεντηκόντ-ορος</b> <b class="b2">fifty-rower</b> (Ion.-Att.), s. below.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [338] <b class="b2">*h₁erh₁-</b>, <b class="b2">h₁reh₁-</b> [[row]]<br />Etymology: The agent noun <b class="b3">ἐρέ-της</b> points like the synonymous Skt. <b class="b2">ari-tár-</b> (= Gr. <b class="b3">*ἐρε-τήρ</b> (<b class="b2">*h₁erh₁-</b>) in <b class="b3">Ἐρέτρ-ια</b>) to a disyllabic primary verb [[row]], which in Greek was replaced by the denominative <b class="b3">ἐρέσσω</b> (uncertain Myc. <b class="b2">e-re-e</b>), but is present in other languages: Lith. <b class="b2">iriù</b>, <b class="b2">ìrti</b> (with acute, agreeing with disyllabic <b class="b3">ἐρε-</b>, < <b class="b2">*h₁r̥h₁-</b>), Germ., e. g. ONo. [[rōa]], Celt., e. g. OIr. <b class="b2">imb-rā</b> [[row]], [[sail]] (IE <b class="b2">rō-</b> against <b class="b2">rē-</b> (i. e. <b class="b2">*h₁reh₁- *h₁roh₁-</b>) in Lat. [[rēmus]], cf. below). Traces of this verb in Greek in <b class="b3">τρι-ήρης</b> <b class="b2">three-rower</b> etc. (with compositional lengthening and ending after the <b class="b3">σ-</b>stems), <b class="b3">πεντηκόντ-ερος</b>, <b class="b3">-ορος</b> <b class="b2">fifty-rower</b> etc. (after the <b class="b3">ο-</b>stems, also with <b class="b3">-ο-</b> after <b class="b3">-γονος</b>, <b class="b3">-φορος</b> a. o.; not with J. Schmidt KZ 32, 327 vowel-harmony). Perhaps with <b class="b3">το-</b>suffix (Lesb.) <b class="b3">τέρρητον τριήρης</b> H., if with Brugmann IF 13, 152f. haplological for <b class="b3">*τερρ-έρητον</b> < <b class="b3">*τρι-έρητον</b>, cf. Schwyzer 274. - On influence of <b class="b3">ἐρέτης</b> rests prob. the form <b class="b3">ἐρετμόν</b> against Skt. <b class="b2">arí-tr-a-</b> [[oar]] (from <b class="b2">ari-tár-</b>), Lat. [[rēmus]] (formation unclear). - Details in Schwyzer KZ 63, 52ff., Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 3f.; further Pok. 338, W.-Hofmann s. [[rēmus]].

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