σῖτος: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">corn, esp. wheat, bread, food</b> (Il.; on the meaning Moritz Class Quart. N. S. 5, 135ff.).<br />Other forms: pl. <b class="b3">σῖτα</b> n.<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[sito]].<br />Compounds: Numerous compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σιτ-αγωγός</b> <b class="b2">conveying corn</b> (Hdt., Th. a.o.; Chantraine Études 91); <b class="b3">σιτ-ηρέσιον</b> n. <b class="b2">provision of grain, (money for) victualling, pay</b> (X., D., hell. a. late), prob. with suppression of the intermediate member for <b class="b3">-σιτ-ὑπ-ηρέσιον</b> to <b class="b3">τὸν σῖτον</b> (<b class="b3">τὰ σιτία</b>) <b class="b3">ὑπηρετεῖν</b> (slightly diff. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 190); <b class="b3">σύσ-σιτος</b> m. <b class="b2">table companion, messmate</b> (Thgn. etc.) with <b class="b3">συσσίτ-ια</b> pl., <b class="b3">-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ησις</b>.<br />Derivatives: Many derivv.: subst. 1. <b class="b3">σιτία</b> pl. (rare <b class="b3">-ίον</b> sg.) n. [[bread]], [[fare]], [[provision]], also [[corn]] (IA. prose, com.); 2. dimin. <b class="b3">σιτ-άριον</b> n. [[corn]], [[bread]] (Hp., pap.); 3. <b class="b3">-ανίας</b> (<b class="b3">πυρός</b>) m. <b class="b2">kind of wheat</b> (Thphr.; beside <b class="b3">κριθανίας</b> [s. <b class="b3">κριθή</b>]; coubted by Kroll AmJPh. 60, 107); 4. <b class="b3">-ώματα</b> pl. [[provision]] (pap. IIp; <b class="b3">-ώματα</b> enlarged Chantraine Form. 186f.); 5. <b class="b3">-ών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[granary]], [[cornfield]] (Roussel Mél. Navarre 375 ff.; Plu. a. o.); 6. <b class="b3">-ώ</b> f. surn. of Demeter (hell. a. late). Adj. 7. <b class="b3">σιτ-ηρός</b> (Hp., Arist. etc.); 8. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (hell. a. late); 9. <b class="b3">-ινος</b> (late) <b class="b2">concerning the corn</b>; 10. <b class="b3">-αῖα</b> pl. n. <b class="b2">corn interest</b> (Olymos); 11. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[cornlike]], <b class="b3">τὰ σιτώδη</b> [[corn]] (Thphr. etc.). Verbs 12. <b class="b3">σιτ-έομαι</b>, also w. <b class="b3">κατα-</b> a. o., <b class="b2">to feed</b> (ω 209 [<b class="b3">σιτέσκοντο</b>]) with <b class="b3">-ησις</b> f. <b class="b2">(public) maintenance</b> (IA.); 13. <b class="b3">-εύω</b>, <b class="b3">-εύομαι</b> <b class="b2">to feed, to supply</b> (Hdt., hell. a. late) with <b class="b3">-ευτός</b> (X. etc.), <b class="b3">-ευσις</b>, <b class="b3">-εύσιμος</b>, <b class="b3">-ευτής</b>, <b class="b3">-εία</b> (hell. a. late); 14. <b class="b3">-ίζω</b>, <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b>, often w. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b2">id.</b> with <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b> σῖτος <b class="b3">ισμός</b> [[victualling]] (X., D. etc.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: As opposed to <b class="b3">πυρός</b> and <b class="b3">κριθή</b> without convincing etymology. Often as LW [loanword] from an other IE language explained: 1. to Slav., e.g. Russ. <b class="b2">žíto</b> [[corn]], OPr. [[geits]] [[bread]] (Wiedemann BB 27, 213 n.); 2. to the Germ. word for [[wheat]], Goth. [[hvaiteis]] etc., i.e. from a northerly satemlanguage (G. Meyer Alban. Stud. 3, 51 n. 2). Diff. Hubschmid Sardische Stud. (Bern 1953) 104: like <b class="b3">ἄρτος</b> substratum word, to Basque [[zitu]] [[corn]], [[harvest]]; Schott Festschr. Hirt 2, 47 (with Hemmel in Lewy Fremdw. 81 A.): to Sumer. [[zid]] [[flour]]; Maccarrone Arch. glottol. it. 31, 103ff.: from Egypt. <b class="b2">sw.t</b> [[corn]] (orig. Semit.). -- Not to <b class="b3">ψίω</b> [[grind]], [[masticate]], <b class="b3">ψίξ</b> [[crumb]] (Prellwitz, Fick BB 28, 108).

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