ὄχλος: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: 1. <b class="b2">(orderless, moved) crowd, (common) multitude, great mass, throng</b>, pl. [[crowd]], [[people]]; 2. [[disturbance]], [[perturbation]], [[annoyance]] (Pi., IA.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὀχλο-κρατία</b> f. <b class="b2">mob-rule</b> (Plb., Plu., s. lit. on <b class="b3">δημοκρατία</b>), <b class="b3">ἄ-οχλος</b> <b class="b2">without disturbances, not disturbing</b> (Hp.).<br />Derivatives: Adj. 1. <b class="b3">ὀχλ-ηρός</b> [[bothersome]], [[annoying]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ηρία</b> f. (LXX); 2. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a great multitude, mobbish</b> (hell.); 3. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[annoying]] (IA.), [[popular]], [[common]] (Plu.). Subst. 4. <b class="b3">ὀχλεύς μοχλός</b>, <b class="b3">στρόφιγξ</b>, <b class="b3">δεσμός</b> ... H.; <b class="b3">ἐποχλεύς</b> m. <b class="b2">sprag on a cart</b> (Ath.), prob. for <b class="b3">*ἐποχεύς</b>; <b class="b3">ἐποχλίζομαι</b> <b class="b2">to be bolted</b> (Apollon. Lex.). -- Denominative verbs 5. <b class="b3">ὀχλέω</b> <b class="b2">to put in (rolling) motion , to roll away</b> (Φ 261; <b class="b3">ἀν-οχλέω</b> = <b class="b3">ἀν-οχλίζω</b> S. E.), <b class="b2">to disturb, to perturb, to bother</b> (Ion., hell.; w. prefix, esp. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, also Att.); from it <b class="b3">ὄχλ-ησις</b> (<b class="b3">ἐν-</b> ὄχλος) f. [[bothering]], [[interference]], [[perturbation]] (Democr., hell.), (<b class="b3">ἐν-)ὄχλ-ημα</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Epicur., medic.), <b class="b3">ὀχλητι-κός</b> = <b class="b3">ὀχλικός</b> (Procl.); 6. <b class="b3">ὀχλεύονται</b> = <b class="b3">ὀχλεῦνται κυλινδοῦνται</b> H.; 7. <b class="b3">ὀχλ-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">μετ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀν-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to pull up, out of place</b> (Il.); 8. <b class="b3">ὀχλ-άζω</b> <b class="b2">to be disturbed, confused</b> (LXX).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1118] <b class="b2">*u̯eǵh-</b> [[move]], [[drive]], [[ride]]<br />Etymology: The orig. meaning of the verbal nouns <b class="b3">ὄχλος</b>, which was concretized as [[heap]], [[crowd]], cannot be established with more certainty; in the sense of <b class="b2">perturbation etc.</b> it may have been influenced by <b class="b3">ὀχλέω</b> (cf. Bosshardt 78). If one starts from <b class="b3">*Ϝόχ-(σ)λο-ς</b> (on the possible loss of a <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b> in Hom. s. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 125), <b class="b3">ὄχλος</b> agrees well with the well-known verb for [[drive]], [[carry]], [[bring]], [[move]] in <b class="b3">Ϝέχω</b> (s. 2. <b class="b3">ἔχω</b>), <b class="b3">ὀχέομαι</b>, Lat. [[vehō]] etc., IE <b class="b2">*u̯oǵh-(s)lo-</b>; cf. the interpretations of Sealey Glotta 37, 281 ff. The broad sphere of meaning gives several possibiliies: *'driving, carrying, moving', resp. as nom. agentis or instr. *'driver, carryer, mover'. -- Formally identical is OWNo. [[vagl]] m. [[tiebeam]], [[roost]] (prop. *'bearing-bar, carrier'). To the denominative <b class="b3">ὀχλ-ίζω</b> [[raise]], <b class="b3">ὀχλ-έω</b> <b class="b2">roll away</b> and to <b class="b3">ὀχλ-εύς</b> <b class="b2">lever etc.</b> agree semantically the primary nouns Lat. <b class="b2">vec-tis</b> and OWNo. <b class="b2">vǫg</b> (IE <b class="b2">*u̯oǵhā</b>) [[lever]]. From *`move, movement' one gets both to <b class="b2">moved mass, mob</b> and to <b class="b2">spiritual movement, unrest</b>; the same holds for the denominative <b class="b3">ὀχλέω</b> (cf. [[turba]], <b class="b2">-āre</b>). -- Uncertain supposition on cross with <b class="b3">μοχλός</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b> in Güntert Reimwortbildungen 161 f. Older hypothesis in Bq (rejected). Wrong Belardi Doxa 3, 217. -- Further lit. s. [[ὄχος]].

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