νόμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, (νέμω) <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">that which is in habitual practice, use</b> or <b class="b2">possession</b>, not in Hom. (cf. <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">Ap.</span>2.15</span>), though read by Zenod. in <span class="bibl">Od.1.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">usage, custom</b>, [Μοῦσαι] μέλπονται πάντων τε νόμους καὶ ἤθεα κεδνά <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>66</span>; ν. ἀρχαῖος ἄριστος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>221</span>; <b class="b3">ἔνθα ν</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">ἐστί</b>) c. inf., where it is <b class="b2">the custom</b>... Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>25.5; <b class="b3">ν. πάντων βασιλεύς</b> <b class="b2">custom</b> is lord of all, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>169.1</span>; ν. δεσπότης <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.104</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>715d</span>; ν. τύραννος τῶν ἀνθρώπων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>337d</span>; ἴησις ὀθονίοισι κατὰ τὸν ν. τὸν ἀρθριτικόν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>18</span>; ὡς νόμος Id.<span class="title">Mochl.</span>37: hence, <b class="b2">law, ordinance</b>, τόνδε… ν. διέταξε Κρονίων… θηρσὶ… ἐσθέμεν ἀλλήλους <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>276</span>; τρέφονται πάντες οἱ ἀνθρώπειοι ν. ὑπὸ τοῦ θείου <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 114</span>; ἄφθογγον εἶναι τὸν παλαμναῖον ν. [ἐστί] <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>448</span>; ν. κάλλιστον ἐξευρόντα, πειθαρχεῖν πατρί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1177</span>; <b class="b3">ν. κοινός</b>, = [[ὀρθὸς λόγος]], Zeno Stoic.1.43: pl., ἔργων… ὧν νόμοι πρόκεινται ὑψίποδες <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>865</span> (lyr.); νεοχμοῖς ν. Ζεὺς κρατύνει <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>150</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in <b class="b2">VT</b>, of the <b class="b2">law</b> of God, ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Κυρίου τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ps.</span>1.2</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Is.</span>2.3</span>; <b class="b3">νόμον ὃν ἐνετείλατο ὑμῖν Μωϋσῆς</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">De.</span>33.4</span>; so in <b class="b2">NT</b>, ὁ ν. Μωϋσέως <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>2.22</span>, etc.; but also ὁ ν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Gal.</span>6.2</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ν. τοῦ Πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ὁ ν. τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>8.2</span>; ν. τέλειος ὁ τῆς ἐλευθερίας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Jac.</span>1.25</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> with Preps., <b class="b3">κατὰ νόμον</b> according to <b class="b2">custom</b> or <b class="b2">law</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>417</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.61</span>, etc.; κὰν νόμον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.78</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κατὰ ν. ὄντες θεοί</b> the <b class="b2">established</b> deities, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>904a</span>; κατὰ νόμους <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>241</span>; <b class="b3">παρὰ νόμον</b> contrary to... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>171</span> (lyr.); παρὰ τοὺς τῆς φύσεως ν. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>83e</span>; ἐν Πανελλάνων νόμῳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>2.38</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν Ἀδραστείῳ νόμῳ</b> by <b class="b2">the law</b> of Adrastus, i.e. at the Nemean games, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>10.28</span>: esp. in dat. <b class="b3">νόμῳ</b> <b class="b2">by custom, conventionally</b>, opp. <b class="b3">φύσει</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 4.39</span>, <span class="bibl">Philol.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1094b16</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ν. γλυκύ, ν. πικρόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Democr.9</span>; εἰ μή τις λέγοι ν. ὁρᾶν καὶ τὰς λεγομένας ποιότητας μὴ ἐν τοῖς ὑποκειμένοις εἶναι <span class="bibl">Plot.4.4.29</span>; <b class="b3">ὅσον νόμου χάριν</b> just for <b class="b2">form's</b> sake, <span class="bibl">Diph.43.14</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1076a27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">statute, ordinance made by authority</b>, [Σόλων] νόμους ἔθηκεν ἄλλους, τοῖς δὲ Δράκοντος θεσμοῖς ἐπαύσαντο χρώμενοι πλὴν τῶν φονικῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ath.</span>7.1</span> (but τὸν Δράκοντος ν. τὸν περὶ τοῦ φόνου <span class="title">IG</span>12.115.5), etc.; <b class="b3">νόμον τιθέναι, τίθεσθαι</b>, v. [[τίθημι; βασιλικὸς ν]]. <span class="title">OGI</span>483.1 (Pergam., ii A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Jac.</span>2.8</span>: freq. of <b class="b2">general laws</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ψηφίσματα</b> (special decrees), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>173d</span>, etc.; ὅταν τὰ ψηφίσματα κύρια ᾖ ἀλλὰ μὴ ὁ ν. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1292a7</span>: generally, <b class="b2">law</b>, <b class="b3">ἄνευ ὀρέξεως</b> <b class="b3">νοῦς ὁ ν. ἐστίν</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1287a32</span>; <b class="b3">ἄγραφος ν</b>. Lex ap. <span class="bibl">And.1.85</span>, etc.; opp. <b class="b3">γεγραμμένος</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1373b6</span>; <b class="b3">ν. ἴδιος</b>, opp. <b class="b3">κοινός</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">4</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ν</b>. freq. as subject, οἱ ν. διδόασι τιμωρίας <span class="bibl">D.18.12</span>; ὧν ὁ ν. ἀγορεύει <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span> 92b16 (ii B.C.); <b class="b3">μὴ ὁ ν. κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον</b>; <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>7.51</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">e</span> c. gen. rei, οὗτός τοι πεδίων πέλεται ν. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>388</span>; Ὑλλίδος στάθμας ἐν νόμοις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.62</span>; τὸν φαρμάκων δίδαξε μαλακόχειρα ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>3.55</span>; ν. ἐμβολῆς καὶ διορθώσιος Hp.<span class="title">Mochl.</span>38; <b class="b3">ὁ ν. τοῦ κριοῦ, τοῦ ἀνδρός, τῶν ἐρανιστῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Le.</span>6.31</span> (<span class="bibl">7.1</span>), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>7.2</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span> 1198.14 (Arcesine, iii B.C.); <b class="b3">ἐς χειρῶν νόμον ἀπικέσθαι</b> to come <b class="b2">to blows, into action</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.48</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ ἀπόλλυσθαι, περιπεσεῖν</b>, die <b class="b2">in action</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.8.89</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.57.8</span>; μεταλλάξαι τὸν βίον ἐν χ. ν. <span class="bibl">Id.3.63.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.116.9</span>; Ἀσδρούβας… ἐν χ. ν. κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον <span class="bibl">Id.11.2.1</span>; τοὺς μὲν ἐν χ. ν. διέφθειρε <span class="bibl">Id.1.82.2</span>; <b class="b3">τοὺς ἐν χ. ν. τὰς πολιτείας καταλύοντας</b> by 'direct <b class="b2">action'</b>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.5</span>; but κτεῖναι ἐν ταῖς πολεμικαῖς ἐξόδοις ἐν χειρὸς νόμῳ <b class="b2">under martial law</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1285a10</span>; τῷ τοῦ πολέμου νόμῳ κτησάμενος <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.33</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">Νόμος</b> personified, <b class="b3">οἱ θεοὶ σθένουσι χὡ κείνων κρατῶν</b> N. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>800</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">Fr.</span>105</span>, <span class="bibl">160</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">melody, strain</b>, οἶδα δ' ὀρνίχων νόμως πάντων <span class="bibl">Alcm.67</span>; ν. ἵππιος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 1.101</span>; Ἀπόλλων ἁγεῖτο παντοίων ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>5.25</span>; ν. πολεμικοί <span class="bibl">Th.5.69</span>; ἐπηλάλαξαν Ἀραὶ τὸν ὀξὺν ν. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>952</span> (lyr.); κρεκτοὶ ν. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 463</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>9.584: metaph., τοὺς Ἅιδου ν. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>861</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> esp. a type of early <b class="b2">melody</b> created by Terpander for the lyre as an accompaniment to Epic texts, ν. ὄρθιος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.24</span>; ν. Βοιώτιος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>966</span>; ν. κιθαρῳδικοί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1282</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>700d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1447b26</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span>918b13</span>, etc.; also for the flute, ν. αὐλῳδικός Plu.2.1132d; without sung text, <b class="b3">ν. αὐλητικός</b> ib.1133d, cf. 138b, <span class="bibl">Poll.4.79</span>; later, <b class="b2">composition including both words and melody</b>, e.g. Tim.<span class="title">Pers.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> = [[νοῦμμος]] (q. v.), <span class="bibl">Epich.136</span>, <span class="bibl">Sophr.162</span>, <span class="title">Inscr.Délos</span>407.21 (ii B.C.); <b class="b3">ν. σηστέρτιοι</b>, = Lat. <b class="b2">nummi sestertii</b>, Inscr.Prien.41.13 (ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Archit., <b class="b2">course</b> of masonry, <span class="title">IG</span>12(2).11.17 (Mytil.).</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0262.png Seite 262]] ὁ, eigtl. das Zugetheilte, was Einer in Gebrauch genommen, Gebrauch, Herkommen und das dadurch gesetzlich Gewordene, <b class="b2">Gesetz</b>, Verordnung; als Lesart Zenodots Odyss. 1, 3, πολλῶν δ' ἀνθρώπων ἴδεν ἄστεα καὶ νόμον ἔγνω, s. Scholl.; Hes. O. 278. 390 Th. 66. 417; ἐν θεῶν νόμοις Pind. P. 2, 43, öfter; νεοχμοῖς δὲ δὴ νόμοις Ζεὺς κρατύνει, Aesch. Prom. 150; νόμῳ πόλεως, Suppl. 383; Δίκη ξύνεδρος Ζηνὸς ἀρχαίοις νόμοις, Soph. O. C. 1384; οἳ τούσδ' ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ὥρισαν νόμους, Ant. 448; νόμους ὑπερβαίνουσα τοὺς προκειμένους 477, öfter; übh. Vorschrift, Regel, φύλασσε [[πρῶτα]] μὲν νόμον τὸ μή 'πιθυμεῖν περισσὰ δρᾶν, Tr. 613; πειθαρχεῖν τοῖς δεδογμένοις νόμοις, Ar. Eccl. 762. Die Alten leiteten [[νόμος]], das Gesetz, von νέμειν ab, a suum cuique tribuendo, Cic. Legg. 1, 19. Κατὰ νόμους, den Gesetzen gemäß, Aesch. Suppl. 385; u. so in Prosa überall, οἱ κατὰ νόμον θεοί, Plat. Legg. X, 904 a, vgl. III, 684 a, wie παρὰ νόμον, wider das Gesetz, Aesch. Eum. 164; Plat. Tim. 83 e u. Folgde. In Athen hießen bes. Solon's Gesetze νόμοι, vgl. [[θεσμός]], u. die folgenden durch Volksbeschluß zum Gesetz erhobenen Bestimmungen; νόμοι καθεστῶτες, Ar. Nubb. 1382; κείμενος, Ran. 760; über die in Prosa gew. Verbindungen νόμον τίθεσθαι, λύειν u. ä. s. diese Verba; ὁ περὶ τὸν ἔρωτα [[νόμος]], Plat. Conv. 182 a; er setzt oft φύσει – νόμῳ einander entgegen, Prot. 337 c Menex. 245 d; vgl. Her. 4, 39 u. Arist. eth. 1, 3. – <b class="b2">Sitte, Brauch</b>; κατὰ νόμους ἀφικτόρων, Aesch. Suppl. 217; Κισσίας νόμοις πολεμιστρίας, Ch. 418; Soph. Ai. 544; Pind. vrbdt φαρμάκων μαλακόχειρα νόμον, N. 3, 53, der Gebrauch der mit weicher Hand aufzulegenden Heilmittel; – oft bei Her., ἐμίσγετό οἱ ού κατὰ νόμον, 1, 61; ἐξαπατᾶν τοὺς εὖ ποιεῦντας [[νόμος]] ἐστί οἱ, 1, 90, öfter; ὁ τῶν Σκυθῶν [[νόμος]], der Scythen Brauch, Plat. Legg. VII, 795 a; νόμῳ καὶ ἔθει, Crat. 384 d; [[τετράποδος]] νόμον, v. l. νόμῳ, Phaedr. 250 e; Sp., οὐ γάρ τοι θήρεσσι [[νόμος]], Opp. Cyn. 3, 151; sprichwörtlich [[νόμος]] καὶ [[χώρα]], ländlich, sittlich, Zenob. 5, 25; – χειρῶν [[νόμος]], Faust- od. Gewaltrecht, Kriegsrecht, ἐς χειρῶν νόμον ἀπικέσθαι, d. i. handgemein werden, Her. 9, 48; ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ ἀπόλλυσθαι, 8, 89; ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ καταφθείρεσθαι, μεταλλάξαι u. ä. oft Pol. (vgl. [[χείρ]]). – In der musikalischen Kunstsprache bedeutet [[νόμος]] im Allgemeinen die Tonweise, Harmonie; νόμοι ᾠδῆς, H. h. Apoll. 20; ἐπηλάλαξαν Ἀραὶ τὸν ὀξὺν νόμον, Aesch. Spt. 935; ὀρθίοις ἐν νόμοις, Ag. 1124, wie Ar. Equ. 1276; κρεκτὸν γοήτων νόμον μεθήσομεν πόλει, Ch. 809; Ar. Pax 1160; νόμοι κιθαρῳδικοί, Ran. 1280; Ὀλύμπου, Equ. 9, öfter; ὥςπερ τοῦ τῆς Αθηναίας νόμου [[προαύλιον]], Plat. Crat. 417 e; κιθαρῳδικῆς ᾠδῆς λεγομένων νόμων προοίμια, Legg. IV, 722 d; πολεμικοί, Thuc. 5, 69; καὶ ἅμα ἐχόρευον νόμῳ τινὶ ᾄδοντες, Xen. An. 5, 4, 17; Sp., wie Pol. 4, 20, 9; Arist. probl. 19, 28; nach Schol. Ar. Equ. 9 bes. οἱ εἰς θεοὺς ὕμνοι. Bes. hieß so eine mit dem Dithyrambus verwandte alte Liederart, die zur Cither od. Flöte einer Gottheit, bes. dem Apollo zu Ehren angestimmt wurde.