ἐχθρός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ά, όν, (ἔχθος) <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">hated, hateful</b>, of persons and things, freq. from Hom. downwds. (Hom. has it only in this pass. sense); ἐ. γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς Ἀΐδαο πύλῃσι <span class="bibl">Od.14.156</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.312</span>; <b class="b3">ἐχθρὸν δέ μοί ἐστιν</b> c.inf., 'tis <b class="b2">hateful</b> to me to... <span class="bibl">Od.12.452</span>; θεοῖσιν ἐ. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span> 766</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.601</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>34</span>; ὁ θεοῖσιν ἐ. <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.74</span>, etc.; cf. [[θεοισεχθρός]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Act., <b class="b2">hating, hostile</b>, first in Hes. and Pi. (v. infr. 111), τινι <span class="bibl">D.10.11</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>6.1</span>, etc.: c. gen., <b class="b3">ὕβριος ἐχθρὰν ὁδόν</b> <b class="b2">averse from</b> insolence, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.90</span>: abs., ἐ. γλῶσσα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>309</span> (anap.); ὀργαί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>937</span> (anap.), etc.; ἀστέρες <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.143.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> as Subst., <b class="b3">ἐχθρός, ὁ</b>, <b class="b2">enemy</b>, where the act. and pass. senses freq. coincide, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>342</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.84</span>, etc.; ἀνὴρ ἐ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.92</span>; ὁ Διὸς ἐ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>120</span> (anap.); ἐχθροῖς ἐχθρὰ πορσύνων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1374</span>; εἴ . . τινα ἴδοι ἐχθρὸν ἑαυτοῦ <span class="bibl">Th.4.47</span>; οἱ ἐμοὶ ἐ. <span class="bibl">Id.6.89</span>, etc.—Acc. to <span class="bibl">Ammon.<span class="title">Diff.</span>p.63</span> V., <b class="b3">ἐχθρός</b> is <b class="b2">one who has been</b> <b class="b3">φίλος</b>, <b class="b2">but is alienated</b>; <b class="b3">πολέμιος</b> <b class="b2">one who is at war</b>; <b class="b3">δυσμενής</b> <b class="b2">one who has long been alienated and refuses to be reconciled</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> regul. Comp. ἐχθρότερος <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Prooem.</span>40.3</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>5.160 (Hedyl. or Asclep.); Sup. -ότατος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.65</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1346</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">D.19.300</span>: but more freq. irreg. <b class="b3">ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος</b> (qq.v.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Adv. ἐχθρῶς, μισοῦντες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>697d</span>, etc.: Comp. -οτέρως <span class="bibl">D.5.18</span>: Sup. -ότατα <span class="bibl">Id.23.149</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1125.png Seite 1125]] (vgl. [[ἔχθω]], [[ἔχθος]]), verhaßt, verfeindet, zuwider, von Personen u. Sachen, ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι [[κεῖνος]] [[ὁμῶς]] Ἀίδαο πύλῃσιν Il. 9, 312, ἐχθρὰ δέ μοι τοῦ δῶρα ibd. 378, ἐχθρὸν δέ μοί ἐστιν – μυθολογεύειν Od. 12, 452; λοιδορῆσαι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ [[σοφία]] Pind. Ol. 9, 41; ἐχθρος θεοῖσιν Ar. Nub. 581; Folgde. – Plat. θεοῖς ἐχθρὸς ὁ [[ἄδικος]], Rep. I, 352 b; auch im milderen Sinne, unangenehm. – Feindselig gesinnt, feindlich, Tragg. u. Prosa, Ggstz von [[φίλος]], φίλον [[τέως]], νῦν δ' ἐχθρὸν ὡς φαίνει κακόν Aesch. Ch. 987 (wie Ammon. [[ἐχθρός]] erkl. ὁ πρότερον [[φίλος]], [[δυσμενής]] aber ὁ χρόνιον πρὸς τόν ποτε φίλον τὸ [[μῖσος]] διατηρῶν καὶ δυσδιαλλάκτως ἔχων; über den Unterschied von [[πολέμιος]] s. dieses); ἐρίζουσι δὲ οἱ διάφοροι καὶ ἐχθροὶ ἀλλήλοις Plat. Prot. 327 b, ἦν τῷ Ἄγιδι [[ἐχθρός]] Thuc. 8, 45; auch c. gen., Pind. Ol. 7, 90, wie. Xen. Cyn. 13, 12; [[ἑαυτοῦ]] Thuc. 4, 47; ὁ [[ἐχθρός]], der Feind, ὁ Διὸς [[ἐχθρός]] Aesch. Prom. 120; Folgde. – Adv. ἐχθρῶς, <b class="b2">feindselig</b>, μισεῖν Plat. Legg. III, 679 d; Xen. u. Folgde. – Comparat. [[ἐχθίων]] u. superlat. [[ἔχθιστος]] s. oben. – Die regelmäßige Form ἐχθρότερος Sinmonds. 58 (V, 161) Antip. Th. 49 (VII, 640) u. öfter in der Anth., auch Dem. prooem. 40, der auch im adv. ἐχθροτέρως σ χήσειν.sagt, 5, 18; ἐχθρότατος Pind. N. 1, 64 (aber Ol. 8, 69 [[ἔχθιστος]]); θεοῖς ἐχθρότατον βροτῶν Soph. O. R. 1346; Plat. epigr. 8 (VI, 43), u. öfter in der Anth.