ὅπλον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">tool, implement</b>, mostly in pl., like [[ἔντεα]], [[τεύχεα]]: (prob. from <b class="b3">ἕπω</b> A): </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> a ship's <b class="b2">tackle, tackling</b>, Hom.(only in Od.), <span class="bibl">2.390</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>627</span> ; esp. <b class="b2">ropes, halyards</b>, etc., δησάμενοι δ' ἄρα ὅπλα <span class="bibl">Od. 2.430</span>, etc.; in which sense Hom. twice uses the sg., <b class="b2">rope</b>, <span class="bibl">14.346</span>, <span class="bibl">21.390</span>: generally, <b class="b2">any ropes</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.25</span>, <span class="bibl">9.115</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>78</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">tools</b>, strictly so called, in Hom. esp. of <b class="b2">smiths' tools</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.409</span>,<span class="bibl">412</span> ; in full, ὅπλα χαλκήϊα <span class="bibl">Od.3.433</span> : in sg., <b class="b3">ὅπλον ἀρούρης</b> sickle, <span class="title">AP</span>6.95 (Antiphil) ; <b class="b3">ὅπλον γεροντικόν</b> staff, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>1.7</span> ; <b class="b3">δείπνων ὅπλον ἑτοιμότατον</b>, of the wine-flask, <span class="title">AP</span>6.248 (Marc. Arg.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in pl., also, <b class="b2">implements of war, arms</b> and <b class="b2">armour</b>, Hom. (only in Il.), <b class="b3">αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πάνθ' ὅπλα κάμε</b>, of the <b class="b2">arms</b> of Achilles, <span class="bibl">18.614</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">19.21</span> ; ὅπλοισιν ἔνι δεινοῖσιν ἐδύτην <span class="bibl">10.254</span>,<span class="bibl">272</span> ; so in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.27</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.1.9, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span> 14</span>, etc.: rarely in sg., <b class="b2">weapon</b>, οὐδέ τι ἀρήϊον ὅπλον ἐκτέαται <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">174</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>161</span>,<span class="bibl">570</span>,<span class="bibl">942</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>474a</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.4.15</span> ; <b class="b3">ποτὶ πονηρὸν οὐκ ἄχρηστον ὅπλον ἁ πονηρία</b> [Epich.]<span class="bibl">275</span> ; <b class="b2">piece of armour</b>, <span class="bibl">D.S.3.49</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">the large shield</b>, from which the men-at-arms took their name of <b class="b3">ὁπλῖται</b> (εἰκόνα γραπτὴν ἐν ὅπλῳ <span class="title">IG</span>22.1012.18 (ii B. C.), cf. <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.1302.35 (Cyme, i B. C./i A. D.), <span class="bibl">Th.7.75</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.15.44</span>, <span class="bibl">17.18</span>); ὅπλον στύππινον <span class="title">IG</span>11(2).203 <span class="title">B</span>99 (Delos, iii B. C.) : metaph., τῆς πενίας ὅπλον ἡ παρρησία <span class="bibl">Nicostr.Com.29</span>; ὅ. μέγιστον . . ἁρετὴ βροτοῖς <span class="bibl">Men. <span class="title">Mon.</span>433</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">619</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in pl., also, <b class="b2">heavy arms</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.53</span> ; <b class="b3">ὅπλων ἐπιστάτης</b>, = [[ὁπλίτης]], opp. <b class="b3">κώπης ἄναξ</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>379</span> ; ὁ πόλεμος οὐχ ὅπλων τὸ πλέον ἀλλὰ δαπάνης <span class="bibl">Th.1.83</span> ; ὅπλα παραδοῦναι <span class="bibl">Id.4.69</span> ; ὅπλα ἀποβάλλειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>27</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ὅπλα</b>, = [[ὁπλῖται]], <b class="b2">men-at-arms</b>, πολλῶν μεθ' ὅπλων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>115</span> (lyr.): and freq. in Prose, <b class="b3">ἐξέτασιν ὅπλων ποιεῖσθαι</b> to have a muster <b class="b2">of the men-at-arms</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.74</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ὅπλων στρατηγός</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς διοικήσεως</b>, Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.38</span>, Decr.ib. 115 ; χειροτονηθεὶς ἐπὶ τὰ ὅ. πρῶτος . . στρατηγός <span class="title">IG</span>22.682.44 (iii B. C.); στρατηγεῖν ἐπὶ τὰ ὅ. <span class="title">SIG</span>697 <span class="title">E</span> (Delph., ii B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">τὰ ὅ</b>. <b class="b2">the place of arms, camp</b>, ἦλθεν εἰς τὰ ὅ. <span class="bibl">Lys.13.12</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.2.5</span>, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ὅ. προϊέναι <span class="bibl">Th.1.111</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> Phrases : <b class="b3">ἐνέδυνον</b> (v.l. [[ἐνέδυντο]]) τὰ ὅ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.218</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐν ὅπλοισι εἶναι</b> or <b class="b3">γενέσθαι</b> to be <b class="b2">in arms, under arms</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.13</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>303</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.56</span> ; ἐν ὄπλοισι [ἰππομ]άχεντας <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>5.19</span> ; ἐν ὅπλοις μάχεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>456d</span> ; ἡ ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις μάχη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>833e</span> ; <b class="b3">ποιῆσαι ἐξέτασιν ἐν ὅπλοις</b> Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>31.2</span> ; εἰς τὰ ὅ. παραγγέλλειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.13</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐφ' ὅπλοις</b> or <b class="b3">παρ' ὅπλοις ἧσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>674</span>,<span class="bibl">357</span> ; μένειν ἐπὶ τοῖς ὅπλοις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.2.8</span> ; for <b class="b3">ὅπλα ῥίπτειν, ἀφιέναι, κατατίθεσθαι</b>, v. sub vocc. ; for <b class="b3">ὅπλα τίθεσθαι</b>, v. [[τίθημι]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> of <b class="b2">the arms</b> possessed by animals for self-defence, [τὸν ἄνθρωπον] οὐκ ἔχοντα ὅπλον πρὸς τὴν ἀλκήν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>687a25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">b4</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">membrum virile</b>, Nic.<span class="title">Fr.</span>74.30, <span class="title">APl.</span>4.242 (Eryc.), Hsch. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b2">a gymnastic exercise</b>, the last which came on in the games, <span class="bibl">Artem.1.63</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0360.png Seite 360]] τό (nach Buttm. Lexil. II, 216 mit ἕπω zusammenhangend; verwandt mit Wappen, Waffe), übh. <b class="b2">Werkzeug</b>, Geräth; bes. – a) alles zur Ausrüstung eines Schiffes Gehörige, Takelwerk; πάντα ὅπλα, τά τε [[νῆες]] φορέουσιν, Od. 2, 390, öfter in der Od., auch ein einzelnes Tau, [[ὅπλον]] [[νεός]], 21, 390, wie ὅπλῳ ἐϋστρεφέϊ 14, 346; u. so übh. Tau, Strick, τὰ ἐκ τῶν γεφυρέων Her. 9, 115, vgl. 7, 25. – b) von allem Handwerkzeuge; ἦλθε δὲ [[χαλκεύς]], ὅπλ' ἐν χερσὶν ἔχων χαλκήϊα, Od. 3, 433, des Schmiedes, wie Il. 18, 409. 412; ἀρούρης [[ὅπλον]] heißt die Sichel, Antiphil. 4 (VI, 95). – c) am gewöhnlichsten das Kriegsgeräth, Harnisch und Schild; ὅπλοισιν ἔνι δεινοῖσιν ἐδύτην, Il. 10, 254; 19, 21. 11, 17 ff.; χρυσέων ὅπλων στερηθείς, Pind. N. 8, 27; ἐν πολεμαδόκοις [[Ἄρεος]] ὅπλοις, P. 10, 14; χάλκεα, N. 10, 14 u. öfter; ἀρήϊα ὅπλα, Aesch. Spt. 114 und öfter, nur im plur., wie auch bei Soph., πολλῶν μεθ' ὅπλων, d. i. mit vielen Bewaffneten, Ant. 115; Eur. hat den sing. Herc. Fur. 161. 570. 942, sonst immer den plur. – Bes. ist bei Her. u. den Attikern τὸ [[ὅπλον]] der große Schild (dah. ὅπλα προβάλλεσθαι, μεταβάλλεσθαι, vgl. Pol. 1, 22, 10. 3, 71, 4), mit dem das nach ihm benannte schwere Fußvolk bewaffnet ist, u. der Harnisch, dah. gern der plur. gebraucht wird; Her. hat den sing. 4, 23, [[οὐδέ]] τι ἀρήϊον [[ὅπλον]] ἐκτέαται, wie 4, 177; ὅτι ἑκάστῳ παρέ τυχεν [[ὅπλον]], Plat. Rep. V, 474 a, sonst auch bei Plat. immer im plur.; ἐν ὅπλοις μάχεσθαι, Gorg. 456 d; ὅπλα ἀπ οβαλών, Conv. 179 a; ὅπλα ἀφείς, Apol. 39 a, wie Xen. u. A.; auch ῥίπτειν τὰ ὅπλα, παραδιδόναι u. ä., s. diese verba; [[ὅταν]] ὅπλα εἰς τὰς χεῖρας λάβωμεν, Plat. Legg. I, 638 a; ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις εἶναι, in den Waffen, bewaffnet sein, Xen. An. 3, 2, 28; vgl. Her. 1, 13; Thuc. 6, 74; κατατίθεσθαι, die Waffen niederlegen, Xen. An. 5, 2, 15 u. öfter; τίθεσθαι τὰ ὅπλα, die Waffen, bes. den Schild vor die Füße hinsetzen, was sowohl beim Haltmachen geschieht, Xen. An. 1, 5, 14. 4, 2, 16 u. öfter, als beim Antreten u. sich in Reih' u. Glied Aufstellen, οἱ ὁπλῖται ἔθεντο τὰ ὅπλα, οἱ μὲν περὶ τὰ σταυρώματα, οἱ δὲ κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν, 5, 2, 19 (vgl. Hell. 3, 1, 23; Her. 9, 52; θέμενοι ἐς τὴν ἀγορὰν τὰ ὅπλα, Thuc. 2, 2); vollständiger, εἰς τάξιν τὰ ὅπλα τίθεσθαι, 2, 2, 8; auch [[ἀντία]] τὰ ὅπλα τίθ., 4, 3, 26 (vgl. Hell. 7, 3, 9; Her. 1, 62. 5, 74); κατὰ χώραν, auf seinen Platz zurückkehren u. die Waffen, den Schild u. Speer hinstellen, 1, 5, 17; dah. κεῖται τὰ ὅπλα, die Bewaffneten stehen, 4, 2, 20; παραγγέλλειν εἰς τὰ ὅπλα, unter die Waffen treten lassen, 1, 5, 13; νυκτερεύειν ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις, unter den Waffen die Nacht zubringen, 6, 2, 27. Wie An. 2, 2, 20 zeigt, wurden die Waffen vor der Front aufgestellt; dah. τὰ ὅπλα auch geradezu »das Lager« heißt, πρὸ τῶν ὅπλων, An. 2, 4, 15; für die ὁπλῖται selbst steht es offenbar An. 2, 2, 4, ἕπεσθε τῷ ἡγουμένῳ τὰ μὲν ὑποζύγια ἔχοντες πρὸς τοῦ ποταμοῦ, τὰ δὲ ὅπλα ἔξω, vgl. 3, 2, 36 Cyr. 5, 4, 45, wie man auch ἐξέτασιν ὅπλων ποιεῖσθαι Thuc. 4, 74 nehmen kann, u. so bei Sp.; – ἥκειν ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις, Pol. 9, 6, 6; ἐποιοῦντο συναγωγὰς ἐπὶ τῶν ὅπλων, 5, 64, 4. – Uebtr. τῶν ὅπλων τῶν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἴλιον μετεσχηκότες, Ael. N. A. 1, 1. – Bei Nic. Ir. 2, 31 das männliche Glied.