ψιλός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> of land, [[bare]], <b class="b3">ψ. ἄροσις</b> [[open]] cornland, <span class="bibl">Il.9.580</span>; πεδίον μέγα τε καὶ ψ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.80</span>; ὁ λόφος . . δασὺς ἴδῃσί ἐστι, ἐούσης τῆς ἄλλης Λιβύης ψ. <span class="bibl">Id.4.175</span>; ἀπὸ ψ. τῆς γῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span> 111d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.5</span>, etc.: in full, [γῆ] ψ. δενδρέων <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.19</span>,<span class="bibl">21</span>; <b class="b3">ἄδενδρα καὶ ψ</b>., of the Alps, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.55.9</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ψ</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">χωρία</b>), opp. <b class="b3">τὰ ὑλώδη</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>5.7</span>; <b class="b3">τόποι ψ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">4.6</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. γεωργία</b> the tillage of land <b class="b2">for corn and the like</b>, opp. <b class="b3">γ. πεφυτευμένη</b> (the tillage of it <b class="b2">for vines, olives</b>, etc.), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1258b18</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>3.20.1</span>; so γῆ ψ. <span class="bibl">Eup. 230</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.115</span>, <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.175, 2.33; ἐλαῖαι, ὧν νῦν τὰ πολλὰ ἐκκέκοπται καὶ ἡ γῆ ψ. γεγένηται <span class="bibl">Lys.7.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of animals, <b class="b2">stripped of hair</b> or <b class="b2">feathers, smooth</b> (cf. λεῖος <span class="bibl">1.3</span>), δέρμα . . ἐλάφοιο <span class="bibl">Od.13.437</span>; σάρξ Hp.Aër.19; <b class="b3">ἡμίκραιραν ψ. ἔχων</b> with half the head [[shaved]], <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Th.</span>227</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. γνάθοι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">583</span>; τὴν ὀσφὺν κομιδῇ ψ. <span class="bibl">Pherecr.23.4</span> (anap.); used of dogs <b class="b2">with a short, smooth coat</b> of hair, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>3.2</span>; τὴν δίποδα ἀγέλην τῷ ψ. καὶ τῷ πτεροφυεῖ τέμνειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>266e</span>; ἄνθρωπος -ότατον κατὰ τὸ σῶμα τῶν ζῴων πάντων ἐστί <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>745b16</span>; so <b class="b3">ἶβις ψ. τὴν κεφαλήν</b> <b class="b2">without feathers, bald</b> on the head, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.76</span>; [[hairless]], of the foetus of a hare, <span class="bibl">Id.3.108</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. τὰ περὶ τὴν κεφαλήν</b>, of the ostrich, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>697b18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ψιλαὶ Περσικαί</b> Persian [[carpets]], <span class="bibl">Callix.2</span>; such a carpet is called <b class="b3">ψιλή</b> alone, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>7.858.2</span> (iii B. C., pl.), <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Jo.</span>7.21</span>; <b class="b3">ψιλὴ πολύμιτος</b>, [[Babylonicum]], Gloss.; <b class="b3">ψιλή</b> = <b class="b2">aulaeum, tapeta</b>, ibid.; cf. [[ψιλόταπις]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, <b class="b2">bare, uncovered</b>, <b class="b3">ψ. ὡς ὁρᾷ νέκυν</b>, i. e. without any earth over it, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>426</span>; of a horse which has thrown its rider, <span class="title">AP</span>13.18 (Parmeno). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> c. gen., <b class="b2">bare of, separated from</b>, <b class="b3">ψ. σώματος οὖσα [ἡ ψυχή</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>899a</span>; τέχναι ψ. τῶν πράξεων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>258d</span>; ψ. ὅπλων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>834c</span>; ἱππέων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.57</span>; θηρία μεμονωμένα καὶ ψ. τῶν Ἰνδῶν <span class="bibl">Plb.11.1.12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b2">stripped of appendages, naked</b>, <b class="b3">ψ. [τρόπις</b>] the [[bare]] keel with the planks torn from it, <span class="bibl">Od.12.421</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. μάχαιραι</b> swords <b class="b2">alone, without other arms</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.58</span>; <b class="b3">θάλαττα ψ</b>. [[blank]] sea, <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Or.</span>25(43).50</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> freq. in Prose, as a military term, of <b class="b2">soldiers without heavy armour, light troops</b>, such as archers and slingers, opp. <b class="b3">ὁπλῖται</b>, first in <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.158</span>, al., freq. in Th., e. g. ὁπλίζει τὸν δῆμον, πρότερον ψ. ὄντα <span class="bibl">3.27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Tact.</span>3.3</span>; ὁ ψ. ὅμιλος <span class="bibl">Th.4.125</span>; so <b class="b3">ψιλοί</b> or <b class="b3">τὸ ψιλόν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὸ ὁπλιτικόν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.2.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1321a7</span>; <b class="b3">ψιλός</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ὡπλισμένος</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1123</span>: coupled with <b class="b3">ἄσκευος</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1029</span>; ψιλὸς στρατεύσομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>232</span>; ψ. δύναμις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1321a13</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ κοῦφαι καὶ αἱ ψ. ἐργασίαι</b> work <b class="b2">that belongs to unarmed soldiers</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">1321a25</span>; ψ. χερσὶν πρὸς καθωπλισμένους <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>6.2</span>: but <b class="b3">ψ. ἔχων τὴν κεφαλήν</b> [[bare]]-headed, <b class="b2">without helmet</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.6</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. ἵππος</b> a horse <b class="b2">without housings</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>7.5</span>: <b class="b2">unarmed, defenceless</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>953</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">λόγος ψ</b>. [[bare]] language, i. e. [[prose]], opp. to poetry which is clothed in the garb of metre, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>239c</span>, Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span>p.97K.; more freq. in pl., ψ. λόγοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>669d</span>; opp. <b class="b3">τὰ μέτρα</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1404b14</span>,<span class="bibl">33</span>: but in <span class="bibl">D.27.54</span> <b class="b3">ψ. λόγος</b> is a [[mere]] speech, a speech <b class="b2">unsupported by evidence;</b> and in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>165a</span> <b class="b3">ψιλοὶ λόγοι</b> are <b class="b2">mere forms</b> of argumentation, dialectical abstractions (so <b class="b3">ψιλῶς λέγειν</b> speak <b class="b2">nakedly, without alleging proofs</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>262c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>811e</span>); τὰς πράξεις αὐτὰς ψιλὰς φράζοντες <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.Al.</span>1438b27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ποίησις ψ</b>. [[mere]] poetry, <b class="b2">without music</b>, i. e. <span class="title">Epic</span> poetry, opp. <span class="title">Lyric</span> (ἡ ἐν ᾠδῇ), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>278c</span>; so ἄνευ ὀργάνων ψ. λόγοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>215c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1447a29</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. τῷ στόματι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">μετ' ὀργάνων</b>, as a kind of <b class="b3">μουσική</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>268b</span>; λύρας φθόγγοι . . ψιλοὶ καὶ ἀμεικτότεροι τῇ φωνῇ <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>922a16</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ψ. φωνή</b> the [[ordinary]] sound of the voice, opp. singing (ἡ ᾠδική), <span class="bibl">D.H. <span class="title">Comp.</span>11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ψ. μουσική</b> [[instrumental]] music <b class="b2">unaccompanied by the voice</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἡ μετὰ μελῳδίας</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1339b20</span>; <b class="b3">ψιλῷ μέλει διαγωνίζεσθαι πρὸς ᾠδὴν καὶ κιθάραν</b>, of Marsyas, Plu.2.713d, cf. Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span> p.100K.; so ψ. κιθάρισις καὶ αὔλησις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>669e</span>; <b class="b3">ψιλὸς αὐλητής</b> one who plays [[unaccompanied]] on the flute (cf. [[ψιλοκιθαριστής]]), Phryn. 145. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">mere, simple</b> (cf. supr. IV. 1), <b class="b3">ἀριθμητικὴ ψιλή</b>, opp. geometry and the like, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>299e</span>; <b class="b3">ὕδωρ ψ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">σὺν οἴνῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Int.</span>35</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. ἀναίρεσις</b> [[mere]] removal, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Sign.</span>12</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. ἄνδρες</b>, i. e. men <b class="b2">without women</b>, <span class="bibl">Antip.Stoic.3.254</span>:—Oedipus calls Antigone his <b class="b3">ψιλὸν ὄμμα</b>, as being <b class="b2">the one poor</b> eye left him, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>866</span>. Adv. ψιλῶς <b class="b2">merely, only</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>15</span>; <b class="b3">ἕνεκα τοῦ ψ. εἰπεῖν</b> for the purpose of [[merely]] saying, Sch. Il.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>1086.65; <b class="b3">ψ. ὀνομάζειν</b> call by the [[bare]] name (without epithet), <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Vit.</span>p.39J.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> Gramm. of vowels, ψ. ἦχος <b class="b2">without the spiritus asper</b>, <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>73</span>; ψ. πνεῦμα <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>148.9</span>, D.T.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 674.15; ψιλῶς λέγεσθαι <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>57.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of the letters ε and υ <b class="b2">written simply</b>, not as αι and οι, which represented the sounds in late Gr., μαθόντες τὰ διὰ τοῦ διφθόγγου ᾱῑ τυχὸν ἅπαντα, ἐδιδάχθημεν τὰ ἄλλα πάντα ψιλὰ γράφεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdn.<span class="title">Epim.</span>162</span>, cf. <span class="title">An.Ox.</span>1.124: hence <b class="b3">ἐψιλόν</b> as name of the letter ε and <b class="b3">ὐψιλόν</b> as name of υ, which are first found in Anon. post <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Et.Gud.</span>679.6</span>, <span class="bibl">678.55</span>, and Chrysoloras: <b class="b3">ἐ ψιλόν</b> is f. l. in <span class="bibl">D.T.631.5</span>: but in πᾶσα λέξις ἀπὸ τῆς κε συλλαβῆς ἀρχομένη διὰ τοῦ ε ψιλοῦ γράφεται . . πλὴν τοῦ καί, κτλ. <span class="bibl">Hdn.<span class="title">Epim.</span>62</span>, <b class="b3">ε ψ</b>. is not yet merely the name of the letter: for <b class="b3">ὐψιλόν</b> v. sub <b class="b3">ὖ</b>, cf. Sch. Heph.<span class="bibl">p.93C.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of mute consonants, the <b class="b2">litterae tenues</b>, <b class="b3">π κ τ,</b> opp. <b class="b3">φ χ θ, ὅσαι γίγνονται χωρὶς τῆς τοῦ πνεύματος ἐκβολῆς</b> <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Aud.</span>804b10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>14</span>, <span class="bibl">D.T.631.21</span>; <b class="b3">ψιλῶς καλεῖν</b> pronounce <b class="b2">with a littera tenuis</b> for an aspirate, e. g., <b class="b3">ῥάπυς</b> for <b class="b3">ῥάφυς, ἀσπάραγος</b> for <b class="b3">ἀσφάραγος</b>, <span class="bibl">Ath.9.369b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eust.81.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Tz.<span class="title">H.</span>11.58</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1399.png Seite 1399]] eigtl. abgerieben (ψάω, ψέω), dah. übh. von hervorstehenden, umgebenden Gegenständen entblößt, <b class="b2">nackt, kahl, leer</b>; [[ἄροσις]], kahles Saatfeld, ohne Bäume, II. 9, 580, wie [[πεδίον]] μέγα καὶ ψιλόν Her. 1, 80, vgl. 4, 175, u. vollständig, ψιλὴ δενδρέων, 4, 21; dah. τὰ ψιλά, sc. χωρία, Xen. Cyn. 5, 7, vgl. 4, 6, u. ψιλὴ γῆ, kahles Land ohne Bäume; δένδρων ἐκκοφθέντων Lys. 7, 7; ψιλὴ [[γεωργία]], der bloße Ackerbau, ohne Baumzucht u. Weinbau u. vgl.; γῆ, Ggstz πεφυτευμένη, Dem. 20, 115; Arist. pol. 1, 11; ψιλὴ [[τρόπις]], der bloße Kiel des Schiffes, von dem alle Bretter u. Balken abgerissen sind, Od. 12, 421; ψιλὴ [[ναῦς]], ein bloßes Schiff ohne Ruder, ψιλαὶ μάχαιραι, bloße Degen ohne Scheide, Xen. Cyr. 4, 5,58; [[νέκυς]] Soph. Ant. 422; auch der Waffen beraubt, Ai. 1108; ψιλὴ σώματος οὖσα ἡ [[ψυχή]] Plat. Legg. X, 899 a. – Bes. – a) entblößt von Haaren, <b class="b2">kahl, glatt</b>; [[δέρμα]] Od. 13, 437; Ar. Th. 227; dah. auch wie [[λεῖος]], ohne Bart, mit glattem Kinn; entblößt von Federn, kahl, [[ἶβις]] ψιλὴ κεφαλήν Her. 2, 76; ψιλαὶ περσικαί, persische Teppiche, welche auf einer Seite geschoren waren, Ath. V, 197 b; dah. [[ψιλόταπις]]. – b) in der Kriegssprache ὁ [[ψιλός]], sc. ὅπλων, ein Soldat ohne den schweren Harnisch, den großen Schild u. den großen Speer, ein Leichtbewaffneter, wie [[γυμνής]], Her. u. Folgde; ψιλὸς στρατεύσομαι Ar. Th. 232; Ggstz von ὅπλα ἔχων Plat. Legg. VIII, 833 a; Ggstz von [[ὁπλίτης]], gew. im plur. οἱ ψιλοί, worunter bes. Schleuderer u. Bogenschützen zu verstehen, Xen. An. 3, 3,7. 5, 2,16; auch [[δύναμις]] ψιλή, leichtbewaffnete Kriegsmacht, Arist. pol. 6, 7; ψιλοὶ ἱππεῖς, leichtbewaffnete Reiter (aber ψιλὸς [[ἵππος]] ist ein Pferd ohne Reitdecke, Xen. de re eq. 7, 5); σκευὴ ψιλή, leichte Bewaffnung, Sp. öfters. – c) von der Sprache, ψιλὸς [[λόγος]], die bloße Rede, die Prosa ohne die metrische Hülle der Dichtkunst, vgl. Plat. Legg. II, 669 d Gorg. 502 c Menex. 239 c; Arist. poet. 1, 7; aber Plat. Theaet. 165 a sind ψιλοὶ λόγοι die bloßen Formen der Disputirkunst ohne wirklichen Gehalt; bei Dem. 27, 54 ist ψιλὸς [[λόγος]] (neben μαρτυρίαν οὐδεμίαν ἐνεβάλετο) eine durch Zeugnisse nicht beglaubigte Rede; vgl. [[ὅταν]] τις ψιλῷ χρησάμενος λόγῳ μὴ παράσχηται πίστιν 22, 22; so auch das adv., ὡς νῦν γε ψιλῶς πως λέγομεν οὐκ ἔχοντες ἱκανὰ παραδείγματα Plat. Phaedr. 262 c. – Ψιλοὶ ἄνδρες, ohne Frauen, Antipat. bei Stob. fl. 67, 25 A.; – ψιλὴ [[φωνή]], die bloße Stimme, Ggstz des Gesanges, ᾠδικὴ [[φωνή]], vgl. Jac. Ach. Tat. p. 488; – ψιλὴ [[ποίησις]], die bloße Poesie ohne Gesang, Ggstz der [[ποίησις]] ἐν ᾠδῇ, die zu singen ist, also die epische Poesie im Ggstz der lyrischen, Plat. Phaedr. 278 c; vgl. [[ψιλομετρία]]; auch übh. Poesie ohne musikalische Begleitung; – ψιλὴ [[αὔλησις]], [[κιθάρισις]], das bloße Flöten-, Citherspiel ohne Begleitung durch Gesang u. andere Instrumente; dah. ψιλὸς [[αὐλητής]], der bloß die Flöte bläs't, ohne dazu singen zu lassen, vgl. [[ψιλοκιθαριστής]]. Dah. heißen die Instrumente, zu denen nicht gesungen zu werden pflegt, zu welchen kein Gesang paßt, ψιλά, Schäf. D. Hal. de C. V. p. 136 melet. p. 168. – Bei den Gramm. = ohne den spiritus asper, also mit dem spiritus lenis; – τὰ ψιλὰ στοιχεῖα, auch allein τὰ ψιλά, die hauchlosen Buchstaben, tenues, π, κ, τ; dah. ψιλῶς γράφειν, καλεῖν, mit einer tenuis schreiben, z. B. [[ῥάπυς]] statt [[ῥάφυς]], [[ἀσπάραγος]] statt [[ἀσφάραγος]] u. vgl., Ath. IX, 369 b.