λύχνος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, pl. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> λύχνοι <span class="bibl">Batr.180</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1315</span>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.70</span>,<span class="bibl">152</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>2p.72</span> (iii B. C.): freq. also <b class="b3">λύχνα</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.62</span>,<span class="bibl">133</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>514</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1.4.11</span>, etc., prob. in <span class="bibl">Alc.41.1</span>. (Fr. λυκ-[[sno]]-, cf. [[Λύκη]]):—[[portable light]], [[lamp]], χρύσεος λ. <span class="bibl">Od.19.34</span>; <b class="b3">λύχνα καίειν, ἀνάπτειν</b>, light [[lamps]], Hdt. ll. cc.; ἅπτε, παῖ, λ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>18</span>; <b class="b3">λύχνους ἅπτειν</b> <b class="b2">to have an illumination</b>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>2.17.37</span>; λύχνους ἀποσβέσαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>668</span>; <b class="b3">λ. ἀπεσβήκει</b> had been put out, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>218b</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ λύχνων ἁφάς</b> about <b class="b2">lamp-lighting time</b>, i. e. towards nightfall, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.215</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.19.31</span>; <b class="b3">πάννυχος λ. παρακαίεται</b> [[lamps]] are kept burning all night, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.130</span>; καύσεις λύχνων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>1161.14</span> (i B. C.); ἔλαιον ἡμῖν οὐκ ἔνεστ' ἐν τῷ λύχνῳ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>56</span>; cf. [[κεράτινος]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in pl., <b class="b3">οἱ λύχνοι</b> or <b class="b3">τὰ λύχνα</b> <b class="b2">the lamp-market</b>, <b class="b3">οὑκ τῶν λ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">1065</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> a fish, <span class="bibl">Str. 17.2.4</span>, Hsch.; cf. Lat. [[lucerna]], <span class="bibl">Plin.<span class="title">HN</span>9.82</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.,<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">(portable) light, lamp</b> (τ 34), also as fishname (Str., H., as lat. [[lucerna]] ; after its lighting organs, evt after the exterior form, Strömberg Fischnamen 55f.).<br />Other forms: pl. also <b class="b3">τὰ λύχνα</b>, to which sg. <b class="b3">λύχνον</b> (cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 37, Sommer Nominalkomp. 88)<br />Compounds: Several compp., e.g. <b class="b3">λυχνοῦχος</b> m. <b class="b2">lamp-stander, lighter</b> (com.), also as 2. member as in <b class="b3">θερμό-λυχνον</b> = <b class="b3">λυχν-έλαιον</b> <b class="b2">lamp-oil</b> (Att. inscr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: <b class="b3">λυχνάριον</b> (pap.), <b class="b3">λυχνίσκος</b> fishname (Luc.; cf. above). 2. name of a lighter: <b class="b3">λυχνεῖον</b> (com., Arist., hell. inscr.) with <b class="b3">λυχνείδιον</b> (<b class="b3">-ίδιον</b>), <b class="b3">λυχνίον</b>, <b class="b3">-ιον</b> (Antiph., Theoc., Luc.), also [[lamp]] (pap.), <b class="b3">λυχνία</b>, <b class="b3">-έα</b>, <b class="b3">-εία</b> (hell.; Scheller Oxytonierung 44 f.). 3. name of the ruby that emits light: <b class="b3">λυχνίας λίθος</b> (Pl. Com.), <b class="b3">λυχνίτης</b> (Str.), also name of Parian marble, as lamps were made of it (Varro ap. Plin.; s. Redard 56 a. 244 n. 13), <b class="b3">λυχνεύς</b> (Callix., H.), also [[lighter]] (Ath.; Boßhardt 63), <b class="b3">λύχνις</b> m. (D. P., Orph. L.), <b class="b3">λυχνίς</b> f. (Luc..; cf. 4). 4. plantname: <b class="b3">λυχνίς</b> f. <b class="b2">rose campion, Lychnis coronaria</b> (Thphr., Dsc.; because of the purpur-red colour, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 49), <b class="b3">λυχνῖτις</b> f. [[candlewick]], [[Verbascum]] (Plin., pap., Dsc.), because the leaves were used as wick (Strömberg 106, Redard 73; cf. s. <b class="b3">θρύον</b>). 5. Other substant.: <b class="b3">λυχνεών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. <b class="b2">place to keep lamps</b> (Luc. VH 1, 29), <b class="b3">λύχνωμα</b> [[lint]] (sch. Ar. Ach. 1175, = <b class="b3">λαμπάδιον</b>), with nominal basis (Chantraine Formation 187). 6. Adjectives: <b class="b3">λυχν-αῖος</b> (Procl.), also <b class="b3">-ιαῖος</b> (S. E., Gal.) <b class="b2">belonging to a lamp</b>, <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">lamp-like</b> (Heph. Astr.). 7. Verb: <b class="b3">λυχνεύω</b> <b class="b2">lighten someb.</b> (Areth. in Apok.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [688f] <b class="b2">*leuk-sn-a</b> [[moon]], [[stars]] etc.<br />Etymology: Beside <b class="b3">λύχνος</b> from <b class="b3">*λύκ-σν-ος</b> we have with full grade Av. <b class="b2">raox-šn-a-</b> [[light]], [[gleaming]], OPr. [[lauxnos]] pl. [[stars]], Lat. [[lūna]] = Praen. [[Losna]], OCS [[luna]] [[moon]], MIr. [[luan]] [[light]], [[moon]], IE <b class="b2">*louk-sn-</b> or <b class="b2">*leuk-sn-</b>; the deviating zero grade in <b class="b3">λύχνος</b> may be related with the diminished strength of the <b class="b3">ου-</b> diphthong in Greek (cf. Schwyzer 347). The words mentioned are all transformations of an old noun with suffixal <b class="b2">-sn-</b> from the verb for [[lighten]], [[gleam]], which is in Greek represented by <b class="b3">λεύσσω</b>; s. v. for further relatives (Hitt. <b class="b2">luk-zi</b> etc.). As intermediate form served prob. an <b class="b2">s-</b>stem (Av. [[raočah]] n. [[light]] from IE <b class="b2">*leukos-</b>, Lat. [[lūmen]] from <b class="b2">*leuks-men-</b> etc.). Quite uncertain is <b class="b3">λουνόν λαμπρόν</b> H.; hypotheses by v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 34 and Specht Ursprung 187. On the <b class="b2">sn-</b>suffix cf. esp. the synonymous Skt. <b class="b2">jyót-sn-ā</b> f. [[moonlight]]. - A zero grade noun <b class="b3">*λυκ-</b> (= Skt. <b class="b2">rúc-</b> f. [[light]]) appears in the hypostasis <b class="b3">ἀμφι-λύκ-η</b> adjunct of the night H 433 <b class="b2">morning tilight</b>, also as subst. <b class="b2">(morning)twilight</b> (A. R., Opp.; Bechtel Lex. s. v., also Leumann Hom. Wörter 53); after it also in <b class="b3">λυκ-αυγής</b> <b class="b2">lighting in the morning</b> (Luc.), <b class="b3">λυκ-ό-φως</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτος</b> n. [[twilight]] (Ael., H. s. <b class="b3">λυκοειδέος</b>, sch.); s. also <b class="b3">λυκάβας</b>, also <b class="b3">λύσσα</b>. - Schwyzer 489 (on the formation), WP. 2, 408ff., Pok. 687ff., W.-Hofmann s. [[lūna]], Vasmer s. <b class="b2">luná</b> I; everywhere more forms a. lit.