πυρός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(in dialects also σπυρός (q. v.)), ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[wheat]], [[Triticum vulgare]], <b class="b3">μελίφρονα, μελιηδέα πυρόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.8.188</span>, <span class="bibl">10.569</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ πυρὸν ἄλεσσαν</b> ground [[it]], <span class="bibl">Od.20.109</span>; given to geese, <span class="bibl">19.536</span>: pl., with other grains, πυροί τε ζειαί τε ἰδ' εὐρυφυὲς κρῖ λευκόν <span class="bibl">4.604</span>; πυροὶ καὶ κριθαί <span class="bibl">9.110</span>, <span class="bibl">19.112</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.11.69</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.76.38, al., <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.36</span>, <span class="bibl">4.33</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1405</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span> 1145</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>580</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.22</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.145</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.4.3</span>, Dsc.2.85, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[a grain of wheat]], ἐξ ἑνὸς πυροῦ εἷς πυθμήν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>728b35</span>, cf. Plu.<span class="title">in Hes.</span>84. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">π. ἄγριος</b>,= <b class="b3">χελιδόνιον τὸ μικρόν</b>, Dsc.2.181. (Cf. Lith. [[pūraĩ]] (pl.) 'wheat', and perh. <b class="b3">πυρήν</b>.)</span>

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|lstext='''πῡρός''': ὁ, [[σῖτος]], μελιηδέα, μελίφρονα πυρὸν Ἰλ. Θ. 188, Κ. 569· [[ἐπεὶ]] κατὰ πυρὸν ἄλεσσαν, ἤλεσαν (ὁ ἀληλεσμένος [[σῖτος]] ἐκαλεῖτο ἀλείατα ἢ ἄλευρα, κατ’ ἀντίθεσιν πρὸς τὰ ἄλφιτα τὴν ἀληλεσμένην δηλ. κριθήν, πρβλ. [[ὡσαύτως]] [[μῆλοψ]]), Ὀδ. Υ. 109· δίδοται δὲ εἰς τοὺς ἵππους, Τ. 536· ἐν τῷ πληθ., μνημονεύεται μετ’ ἄλλων σιτηρῶν, πυροί τε ζειαί τε ἰδ’ εὐρυφυὲς κρῖ λευκὸν Δ. 604· πυροὶ καὶ κριθαὶ Ι. 110., Τ. 112· θερίζεται δὲ διὰ δρεπάνου, Ἰλ. Λ. 67· κἑξ.· - οὕτω παρ’ Ἡροδ. 2. 36., 4. 33, Ἀριστοφ. Σφ. 1405, Εἰρ. 1145, Ὄρν. 580, Θουκ. 6. 22, Δημ. 386. 4. 4) [[κόκκος]] σίτου, ἐξ ἑνὸς πυροῦ εἷς πυθμὴν Ἀριστ. π. Ζ. Γεν. 1. 20, 16. (Ἐντεῦθεν πυρνός, πύρινος, κτλ.· ὁ Κούρτ. παραβάλλει Σλαυ. pyr-o ([[ὄλυρα]]), Βοημ. pyr ([[ἄγρωστις]]), Λεττ. pûr-ji (triticum), Λιθ. pyr-agus ([[σίτινος]] ἄρτος).)

{{bailly

|btext=<span class="bld">1</span><i>gén. de</i> [[πῦρ]].<br /><span class="bld">2</span>οῦ (ὁ) :<br />blé, froment, <i>plante</i>.<br />'''Étymologie:''' DELG <i>lit.</i> purai « blé d’hiver », puras « grain de blé », termes apparentés en slave, mais désignant d’autres espèces de céréales ; terme i.-e.

{{elru

|elrutext='''πῠρός:'''<br /><b class="num">I</b> gen. к [[πῦρ]].<br /><b class="num">[[πυρός|πῡρός]]:</b> <b class="num">II</b> ὁ<br /><b class="num">1)</b> пшеница Hom., Her., Thuc., Arph. etc.;<br /><b class="num">2)</b> пшеничное зерно Arst.

|elnltext=πῡρός -οῦ, ὁ, meestal plur., tarwe.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">(grain of) wheat</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: mostly pl. <b class="b3">πυροί</b> (Schwyzer-Debr. 43, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 2, 30), Dor. (Cos, Thera, Syracuse a.o.) <b class="b3">σπυρός</b>.<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πυρο-φόρος</b> <b class="b2">wheat-bearing</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">διόσ-πυρον</b> n. <b class="b2">the cherry-like fruit of Celtis australis</b> (Thphr.), <b class="b3">-πυρος</b> m. = <b class="b3">λιθόσπερμον</b> (Dsc.; Strömberg Pfl.namen 128 a. 138); on the gender cf. <b class="b3">βούτυρον</b>, <b class="b3">-ος</b> (s.v.).<br />Derivatives: Dimin. <b class="b3">πυρίδια</b> pl. n. (Ar., pap.); the adj. <b class="b3">πύρ-ινος</b> (E., X., hell.), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (pap.), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> (Str.), <b class="b3">-άμινος</b> (Hes. fr. 117 a.o.; after <b class="b3">κυάμ-</b>, <b class="b3">σησάμ-ινος</b>; Forbes Mnem. 4 : 11, 157) <b class="b2">of wheat</b>, <b class="b3">-αμίς</b>, <b class="b3">-αμοῦς</b> (s. v.); the subst. <b class="b3">πυρ-ίτης ἄρτος</b> <b class="b2">wheat-bread</b> (Aët.), <b class="b3">αὑτο-πυρίτης</b> (Phryn. Com., Hp.) = <b class="b3">αὑτό-πυρος</b> a. o. (Redard 90). -- Also <b class="b3">πυρήν</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆνος</b> m. <b class="b2">pip, stone of fruit</b> (Ion., Arist., hell.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 125f.) with <b class="b3">ἀ-πύρην-ος</b> [[pitless]] (Ar. Fr. 118, Thphr. etc.) a.o.; <b class="b3">πυρην-ίς</b> (Tanagra IIIa; wr. <b class="b3">πουρεινις</b>), <b class="b3">-ιον</b> (Thphr.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Delos IIIa, pap.) [[kernel]], [[knag]], [[knob]]; also <b class="b3">πυρην-άδες</b> f. pl. n. of guild in Ephesos (inscr.); <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">pit-like</b> (Thphr.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [850] <b class="b2">*puH-</b>ro- (<b class="b2">peh₁u-</b>, <b class="b2">puh₁-</b>?) [[corn]], [[wheat]]<br />Etymology: Old designation of wheat, which is also retained in Balto-Slav., e.g. Lith. <b class="b2">pūraĩ</b> pl. <b class="b2">winter corn</b>, sg. <b class="b2">pũras</b> m. [[single corn of winter corn]], SCr. <b class="b2">pȉr</b> m. [[spelt]], Russ.-CSl. [[pyro]] <b class="b3">ὄλυρα</b>, <b class="b3">κέγχρος</b>', Russ. <b class="b2">pyréj</b> <b class="b2">dog-grass, Triticum repens</b>; to this from Germ. OE [[fyrs]] <b class="b2">dog-grass</b> (deviating stem; cf. Specht Ursprung 69). Skt. <b class="b2">pūraḥ</b> m. [[cake]] remains far (Mayrhofer KEWA s.v. w. lit.). On the facts Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 647. -- Anlaut. <b class="b3">σ-</b> in <b class="b3">σπυρός</b> perh. from <b class="b3">σῖτος</b> or from <b class="b3">σπόρος</b>, <b class="b3">σπέρμα</b> (Fraenkel Phil. 97, 169 f., IF 59, 304 f.). Further forms w. lit. in Fraenkel and Vasmer s.vv.; also WP. 2, 83 and Pok. 850. -- Orig. old [[Wanderwort]] (Schwyzer 58 n. 3 with Güntert a.o.)? After Nieminen KZ 74, 170f. as "what is beaten , what is threshed" to IE <b class="b2">*pēu-</b>, <b class="b2">pǝu-</b> (Pok. 827) [[beat]], [[hew cutting]] in Lith. <b class="b2">piáuti</b> [[cut]], [[mow]], Lat. [[paviō]] [[beat]]; worth considering.

|mdlsjtxt=πῡρός, οῦ, ὁ,<br />[[wheat]], Hom.; also in pl., Od., etc.

|ftr='''πυρός''': {pūrós}<br />'''Forms''': meist pl. πυροί (Schwyzer-Debr. 43, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 2, 30), dor. (Kos, Thera, Syrakus u.a.) [[σπυρός]],<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Weizenkorn]], [[Weizen]] (seit Il.).<br />'''Composita''' : Kompp., z.B. [[πυροφόρος]] [[Weizen tragend]] (vorw. poet. seit Il.), [[διόσπυρον]] n. [[die kirschenähnliche Frucht von Celtis australis]] (Thphr.), -πυρος m. = [[λιθόσπερμον]] (Dsk.; Strömberg Pfl.namen 128 u. 138); zum Genus vgl. [[βούτυρον]], -ος (s.d.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon das Demin. πυρίδια pl. n. (Ar., Pap.); die Adj. [[πύρινος]] (E., X., hell.), -ικός (Pap.), -ώδης (Str.), -άμινος (Hes.''Fr''. 117 u.a.; nach κυάμ-, [[σησάμινος]]; Forbes Mnem. 4 : 11, 157) [[aus Weizen]], -αμίς, -αμοῦς (s. bes.); das Subst. [[πυρίτης]] [[ἄρτος]] [[Weizenbrot]] (Aët.), [[αὐτοπυρίτης]] (Phryn. Kom., Hp. u.a.) = [[αὐτόπυρος]] u. a. (Redard 90). — Auch [[πυρήν]], -ῆνος m. ‘Obst-, Fruchtkern’ (ion., Arist., hell.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 125f.) mit [[ἀπύρηνος]] [[ohne Kern]] (Ar. ''Fr''. 118, Thphr. usw.) u.a.; πυρηνίς (Tanagra III^a; geschr. πουρεινις), -ιον (Thphr.), -ίδιον (Delos III^a, Pap.) [[Kernchen]], [[Knollen]], [[Knorren]]; auch [[πυρηνάδες]] f. pl. N. einer Gilde in Ephesos (Inschr.); -ώδης [[kernartig]] (Thphr.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Alte Benennung des Weizens, die auch im Baltoslav. erhalten ist, z.B. lit. ''pūraĩ'' pl. [[Winterweizen]], sg. ''pũras'' m. [[Einzelkorn von Winterweizen]], skr. ''pȉr'' m. [[Spelt]], russ.-ksl. ''pyro'' ’[[ὄλυρα]], [[κέγχρος]]’, russ. ''pyréj'' [[Quecke]], [[Triticum repens]]; dazu aus dem Germ. ags. ''fyrs'' [[Quecke]] (Stammbildung abweichend; vgl. Specht Ursprung 69). Aind. ''pūraḥ'' m. [[Kuchen]] bleibt fern (Mayrhofer s.v. m. Lit.). Zum Sachlichen Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 647. — Anlaut. σ- in [[σπυρός]] stammt von [[σῖτος]] oder von [[σπόρος]], [[σπέρμα]] (Fraenkel Phil. 97, 169 f., IF 59, 304 f.). Weitere Formen m. Lit. bei Fraenkel und Vasmer s.vv.; auch WP. 2, 83 und Pok. 850. — Urspr. altes Wanderwort (Schwyzer 58 A. 3 mit Güntert u.a.)? Nach Nieminen KZ 74, 170f. als "das Geschlagene, das Gedroschene" zu idg. ''pēu''-, ''pəu''- [[schlagen]], [[schneidend hauen]] in lit. ''piáuti'' [[schneiden]], [[mähen]], lat. ''paviō'' [[schlagen]]; erwägenswert.<br />'''Page''' 2,631