φίλος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=η, ον, also ος, ον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.93</span>: [ῐ: but Hom. uses the voc. <b class="b3">φίλε</b> with ῑ at the beginning of a verse, v. infr.]. <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> pass., [[beloved]], [[dear]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.20</span>, etc.; παῖδε φίλω <span class="bibl">7.279</span>; freq. c. dat., [[dear]] to one, μάλα οἱ φ. ἦεν <span class="bibl">1.381</span>; φ. ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι <span class="bibl">20.347</span>, etc.: voc., <b class="b3">φίλε κασίγνητε</b> (at the beginning of the line) <span class="bibl">4.155</span>, <span class="bibl">5.359</span>; with neut. nouns, φίλε τέκνον <span class="bibl">Od.2.363</span>, <span class="bibl">3.184</span>, etc.; but φίλον τέκος <span class="bibl">Il.3.162</span>; also <b class="b3">φίλος</b> for <b class="b3">φίλε</b> (Att., acc. to <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>213.28</span>), φίλος ὦ Μενέλαε <span class="bibl">Il.4.189</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.601</span>, <span class="bibl">21.106</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.76</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>545</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>277</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1168</span>(lyr.): gen. added to the voc., φίλ' ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">Theoc. 15.74</span>, <span class="bibl">24.40</span>; ὦ φίλα γυναικῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>460</span> (lyr.): as Subst.: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">a</span> <b class="b3">φίλος, ὁ,</b> [[friend]], <b class="b3">κουρίδιος φίλος</b>, i.e. husband, <span class="bibl">Od.15.22</span>; <b class="b3">φίλοι</b> <b class="b2">friends, kith and kin</b>, νόσφιφίλων <span class="bibl">Il.14.256</span>; τῆλεφίλων <span class="bibl">Od.2.333</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">6.287</span>; <b class="b3">φ. μέγιστος</b> my greatest [[friend]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1331</span>; <b class="b3">φίλοι οἱ ἐγγυτάτω, οἱ ἔγγιστα</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys. 1.41</span> codd., <span class="bibl">Plb.9.24.2</span>; after Hom. freq. with a gen., ὁ Διὸς φίλος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>306</span>; <b class="b3">τοὺς ἐμαυτοῦ φ., τοὺς τούτων φ</b>., <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.47</span>; φ. ἐμός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>421</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν ἐμε̄ν φ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">509</span>; τοὺς σφετέρους φ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.8.25</span>: prov., <b class="b3">ἔστιν ὁ φ. ἄλλος αὐτός</b> [[a friend]] is another self, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1166a31</span>; κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>279c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1159b31</span>; οὐθεὶς φ. ᾧ πολλοὶ φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">EE</span>1245b20</span>; also of [[friends]] or [[allies]], opp. <b class="b3">πολέμιοι</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span> 6.5.48</span>; φ. καὶ σύμμαχος <span class="bibl">D.9.12</span>, etc.; of [[a lover]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.4</span> (in bad sense, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lac.</span>2.13</span>); <b class="b3">φίλε</b> [[my friend]], as a form of courteous address, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>14.10</span>, etc.; in relation to things, οἱ μουσικῆς φ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>580.3</span>; ἀληθείας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>487a</span>; τῶν εἰδῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.</span>248a</span>; Χίους φ. ποιῆσαι <span class="bibl">Lys. 14.36</span>, etc.; ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Pisc.</span>38</span>; κτᾶσθαι <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.40</span>; φίλους τιθέντες τούς γε πολεμιωτάτους <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>848</span>; φίλῳ χρῆσθαί τινι <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.63</span>; ἡμᾶς ἔχειν φίλους <span class="bibl">And.1.40</span>; for <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.49</span>, v. [[φίλιος]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">φίλη, ἡ,</b> [[dear one]], [[friend]], κλῦτε, φίλαι <span class="bibl">Od.4.722</span>; λόγοις ἐγὼ φιλοῦσαν οὐ στέργω φίλην <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>543</span>; of a [[wife]], <b class="b3">φίλην τινὰ ἄγεσθαι</b> take as one's [[wife]], <span class="bibl">Il.9.146</span>,<span class="bibl">288</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ Ξέρξου φ</b>., of his [[mother]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>832</span>; of a [[mistress]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.23</span>, <span class="bibl">3.11.16</span>; φίλην ποιήσασθαί τινα <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.14</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">φίλον, τό,</b> <b class="b2">an object of love</b>, <b class="b3">τὸ</b> <b class="b3">φ. σέβεσθαι</b> to reverence [[what]] the city [[loves]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>187</span> (lyr.): addressed to persons, [[darling]], φ. ἐμόν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>952</span> (lyr.); so <b class="b3">φίλτατον</b> ib. <span class="bibl">970</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ φίλτατα</b> <b class="b2">one's nearest and dearest, dear ones</b>, such as wife and children, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>851</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>216</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>366</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1110</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>16</span>: v. [[φίλτατος; τἀμὰ φίλα, τὰ σὰ φ]]., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ion</span>523</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">613</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">οἱ πρῶτοι φίλοι</b>, a title at the Ptolemaic court, <span class="title">OGI</span>99.3, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>11.4</span> (ii B. C.), etc.; or simply οἱ φ. τοῦ βασιλέως <span class="title">OGI</span>100.1; or <b class="b3">οἱ φ</b>. alone, ib. 115.4; <b class="b3">τῶν φ. και διοικητοῦ</b> one of the king's [[friends]] and dioecetes, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>79.56</span> (ii B. C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of things, [[pleasant]], [[welcome]], δόσις ὀλίγη τε φ. τε <span class="bibl">Od.6.208</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.1.167</span>: c. dat. pers., αἰεὶ γάρ τοι ἔρις τε φίλη <span class="bibl">5.891</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.8.248</span>, <span class="bibl">13.295</span>; οὐ φίλα τοι ἐρέω <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.104</span>; <b class="b3">δαίμοσιν πράσσειν φίλα</b> their [[pleasure]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>660</span>, cf. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> freq. as predic., <b class="b3">φίλον ἐστί</b> or <b class="b3">γίγνεταί μοι</b> [[pleases]] me, it is [[after]] my own [[heart]], εἴ πού τοι φίλον ἐστί <span class="bibl">Od.7.320</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ φ. Διὶ πατρὶ γένοιτο</b> ib. <span class="bibl">316</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.7.387</span>; εἰ τόδε πᾶσι φ. καὶ ἡδὺ γένοιτο <span class="bibl">4.17</span>; καί τοι φ. ἔπλετο θυμῷ <span class="bibl">Od.13.145</span>, etc.; τοῦτο μὲν ἴτω ὅπῃ τῷ θεῷ φίλον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span> 19a</span>: less freq. c. inf., οὐ μὲν Τυδέϊ γ' ὧδε φίλον πτωσκαζέμεν <span class="bibl">Il.4.372</span>; πεφιδέσθαι ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φίλτερον ἦεν Τρώων <span class="bibl">21.101</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.334</span>, <span class="bibl">Od. 14.378</span>; so ταῦτα δαίμονί κοω φίλον ἦν οὕτω γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.87</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">108</span>, <span class="bibl">4.97</span>: rarely c. part., <b class="b3">εἰ τόδ' αὐτῷ φιλον κεκλημένῳ</b> if it [[please]] him to be so called, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>161</span> (lyr.): agreeing with pl., αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ' ἐστὶ φίλα φρεσὶ μαντεύεσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.1.107</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.17.15</span>; ἔνθα φίλ' ὀπταλέα κρέα ἔδμεναι <span class="bibl">Il.4.345</span>; σοὶ δ' ἔργα φίλ' ἔστω μέτρια κοσμεῖν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>306</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> in Hom. and early Poets, <b class="b2">one's own</b>; freq. of limbs, life, etc., <b class="b3">φίλον δ' ἐξαίνυτο θυμόν</b> he took away [[dear]] life, <span class="bibl">Il.5.155</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">22.58</span>; κατεπλήγη φίλον ἦτορ <span class="bibl">3.31</span>; εἰς ὅ κε . . μοι φίλα γούνατ' ὀρώρῃ <span class="bibl">9.610</span>; φίλον κατὰ λαιμόν <span class="bibl">19.209</span>; esp. of one's nearest kin, πατὴρ φ. <span class="bibl">22.408</span>, <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>20</span>[[a]].<span class="bibl">11</span>; ἄλοχος φ. <span class="bibl">Il.5.480</span>: cf. [[φίλτατος]]: as a standing epith. when no affection is implied, <b class="b3">μητρὶ φίλῃ Ἀλθαίῃ χωόμενος κῆρ</b> angry with [[his own]] mother, <span class="bibl">Il.9.555</span>: simply to denote possession, φίλα εἵματα <span class="bibl">2.261</span>; <b class="b3">φ. πόνος</b> [[their wonted]] labour, <span class="bibl">Theoc.21.20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> applied to the numbers <span class="bibl">284</span> and <span class="bibl">220</span>, <span class="bibl">Iamb. <span class="title">in Nic.</span>p.35P.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> less freq. (chiefly poet.) in act. sense, [[loving]], [[friendly]], <span class="bibl">Od.1.313</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.24.775</span>: c. gen., <b class="b3">φίλαν ξένων ἄρουραν</b> [[friendly]] to strangers, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>3.5</span>: of things, [[kindly]], [[pleasing]], φίλα φρεσὶ μήδεα εἰδώς <span class="bibl">Il.17.325</span>; <b class="b3">φίλα φρονέειν τινί</b> feel [[kindly]], <span class="bibl">Il.4.219</span>; φ. ἐργάζεσθαί τινι <span class="bibl">Od.24.210</span>; φ. εἰδέναι τινί <span class="bibl">3.277</span>; <b class="b3">φ. ποιέεσθαί τινι</b> deal with one in [[friendly]] fashion, do one a [[pleasure]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.152</span>, <span class="bibl">5.37</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[fond of]] a thing, [[attached to]], ἄλλων νόμων <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>543</span>; δειλίας φίλον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>604d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Adv. <b class="b3">φίλως</b>, once in Hom., <b class="b3">φίλως χ' ὁρόῳτε</b> ye would [[fain]] see it, <span class="bibl">Il.4.347</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Sc.</span>45</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>247</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl">[1591]</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">φ. ἐμοί</b> <b class="b2">in a manner dear</b> or [[pleasing]] to me, ib. <span class="bibl">1581</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">in a friendly, kindly spirit</b>, τήνδε τὴν πόλιν φ. εἰπών <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>758</span>; φ. δέχεσθαί τινα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.8.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Epin.</span> 988c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">φίλος</b> has several forms of comparison: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> Comp. <b class="b3">φιλίων [λῐ], ον,</b> gen. ονος, <span class="bibl">Od.19.351</span>, <span class="bibl">24.268</span>: Sup. <b class="b3">φίλιστος, η, ον,</b> interpol. in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>842</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Comp. <b class="b3">φίλτερος</b>, Sup. <b class="b3">φίλτατος</b>, v. sub voce. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> Comp. φιλαίτερος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.9.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Del.</span>58</span>: Sup. φιλαίτατος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.3.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.98</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> regul. Comp. φιλώτερος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.18</span> codd., <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>146</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> also as Comp., μᾶλλον φίλος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>219</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>886</span>; φ. μᾶλλον <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">CP</span>6.1.4</span>; Sup., μάλιστα φ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.1.17</span>.</span>