ἄκρος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=α, ον, (on the Root <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> v. [[ἀκή]] A) [[at the farthest point]] or [[at the farthest end]], hence either [[topmost]], [[outermost]], or [[inmost]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[highest]], [[topmost]], ἀκροτάτῃ κορυφῇ <span class="bibl">Il.1.499</span>, al.; [[ἐν πόλει ἄκρῃ]], = [[ἐν ἀκροπόλει]], <span class="bibl">Il.6.88</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">257</span>; ἄκρῳ Ὀλύμπῳ <span class="bibl">13.523</span>; ἀνὰ Γαργάρῳ ἄκρῳ <span class="bibl">14.352</span>; [[λάψοντες . . μέλαν ὕδωρ ἄκρον]] [[at its surface]], <span class="bibl">16.162</span>; [[ἄκρον ῥινόν]] = [[surface of skin]], <span class="bibl">Od.22.278</span>; [[ἐπ' ἄκρων ὀρέων]] = [[o mountain tops]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1106</span>: Sup. ἀκρότατος, ὔσδος Sapph.93.2; [[ὀρόφοισι]] Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.140</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[outermost]], [[πεδίον ἐπ' ἄκρον]] = [[to the farthest edge of the plain]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 1197</span>; [[κατ' ἄκρας σπιλάδος]] from the [[surface]] of a stone, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>678</span>; esp. of [[extremities]] of body, [[ἄ. χείρ]], [[πόδες]], [[ὦμος]], [[end]] of hand, [[ends]] of feet, [[tip]] of shoulder, <span class="bibl">Il.5.336</span>, <span class="bibl">16.640</span>, <span class="bibl">17.599</span>; ἄκρων χειρῶν καὶ ποδῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.119</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.49</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span> 183b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>76e</span>; but [[τὸ ἄ. τῆς χειρός]], [[τοῦ ποδός]], [[thumb]], [[great toe]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ex.</span>29.20</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Le.</span>18.22</span>; γλῶσσαν ἄκραν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 238</span>; [[πίτυν ἄκρας τῆς κόμης καθέλκων]] by the [[top]] of the crown, <span class="bibl">Cratin. 296</span>:—[[ἐπ' ἄκρων]], [[ἐπ' ἄκρων δακτύλων]] = [[on tiptoe]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 1230</span>, ubi v. Sch.; comically, [[ἐπ' ἄκρων πυγιδίων]] on [[tip-tail]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>638</span>; ἐν ἄκροισι βὰς ποσί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1166</span>; παρ' ἄκρας τρίχας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span> 128</span>; ἀκροτάτοις χείλεσι <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span> 547.8:—[[οὐκ ἀπ' ἄκρας φρενός]] not from the [[outside of]] the heart, i.e. from the in mostheart, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>805</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span> 242</span>; [[ἄκροισι λαίφους κρασπέδοις]] with [[mere edges of]] sail, i.e. under [[close-reejed]] sails, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Med.</span>524</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>999</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> Geom., of the [[extremity]] of a line, ἡ ἐπ' ἄκραν τὴν ἀποληφθεῖσαν ἀγομένη Apollon. Perg.<span class="title">Con.</span> 4.8: Math., of [[extremes]] in a proportion, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>36a</span>, etc.; [[εἰς ἄκρον καὶ μέσον λόγον τέμνειν]] cut in [[extreme]] and mean [[ratio]], <span class="bibl">Euc.6.30</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">5</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>17. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> in Tactics, [[ἄκροι]], [[οἱ]], [[flank men]], Ascl.<span class="title">Tact.</span>1.3, cf. 7.6. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[inmost]], μυελός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> 255</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of Time, [[ἄκρᾳ σὺν ἑσπέρᾳ]] on the [[edge]] of evening. i.e. at [[nightfall]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span> 11.10</span>, cf. ἄκρῃ νυκτί <span class="bibl">Arat.775</span>; [[ἄκρου τοῦ ἔαρος]] at [[beginning]] of spring, <span class="title">IPE</span>12.352.29 (Cherson., ii B. C.); but usu. denoting completeness, [[ἄκρου τοῦ θέρεος]] at [[mid]]-summer, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>3.18</span>; χειμῶνος ἄκρω <span class="bibl">Theoc. 11.37</span>; [[ἄκρας νυκτός]] at [[dead]] of night, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>285</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> of Degree, [[highest]] in its kind, [[consummate]], </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> of persons, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 5.112</span>, <span class="bibl">6.122</span>; τοξότης ἄ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>628</span>; θεσφάτων γνώμων ἄ. ib.<span class="bibl">1130</span>; μάντις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1499</span>; ἰατροί <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Lib.</span>p.67</span> O.; οἱ πάντῃ ἄ., οἱ ἀκρότατοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>148c</span>; of any extremes, opp. τὰ μεταξύ, τοῖς ἄ. τὰ ἄ. ἀποδιδόναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>478e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>90a</span>; of classes in a state, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1296b39</span>: in moral sense, both good and bad, ἐπιδικάζονται οἱ ἄ. τῆς μέσης χώρας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">EN</span>1107b31</span>; αἱ ἄ. [διαθέσεις] ib.<span class="bibl">1108b14</span>, cf. ἄκρον <span class="bibl">11.1</span>:—c. acc. modi, ψυχὴν οὐκ ἄ. not [[strong]] of [[mind]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.124</span>; ἄ. τὰ πολέμια <span class="bibl">7.111</span>; ἄ. ὀργήν = [[quick]] to [[anger]], [[passionate]], <span class="bibl">1.73</span>; Εὐρώπη ἀρετὴν ἄκρη <span class="bibl">7.5</span>: c.gen., οἱ ἄ. τῆς ποιήσεως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>152e</span>; ἄ. εἰς φιλοσοφίαν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>499c</span>; περὶ ὁπλομαχίαν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>833e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of things, [[highest]], [[extreme]], συμφορά <span class="bibl">Alex. 222.4</span> (cj. Dobree); νηστεία <span class="bibl">Diph.54</span>: Sup., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>45a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> as Subst., v. [[ἄκρα, ἄκρον]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> neut. as Adv., [[on the top]] or [[on the surface]], ἄκρον ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνος <span class="bibl">Il.20.229</span>; ἄκρα δ' ἐπ' αὐτᾶς βαθμῖδος <span class="title">AP</span>7.428.3 (Mel.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> reg. Adv. [[ἄκρως]], [[ἀνεστάλθαι]] to be turned up [[at the point]], Hp.<span class="title">Mochl.</span>24. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[utterly]], [[perfectly]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>543a</span>, <span class="bibl">Hegesand. 4</span>; μόνος ἄκρως <span class="bibl">Euphro 1.5</span>; σχῆμα ἄ. στρογγύλον = [[absolutely]] [[round]], Hero <b class="b2">*Deff</b>.76. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> [[skilfully]], <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Lib.</span>p.27</span> O.</span>

|ftr='''ἄκρος''': -α, -ον<br />{ákros}<br />'''Forms''': daneben seit alters [[ἄκρα]] f., [[ἄκρον]] n. [[das äußerste Ende]], [[Spitze]], [[Höhe]], [[Vorgebirge]], [[τὸ [[ἄριστον]] καὶ κάλλιστον]] ''EM''; Hom. κατ’ [[ἄκρης]] (πόλιος) ‘von der oberen (Burg) hinab’, κατ’ ἄκρηθεν, att. κατ’ ἄκρας [[gänzlich]], s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 56ff.; zu [[ἄκρον]] noch Krahe IF 58, 141; [[ἄκρος]] eig. adjektiviertes Substantiv? (Frisk IF 56, 113f.).<br />'''Meaning''': [[äußerst]], [[oberst]], [[höchst]], [[an der Spitze befindlich]];<br />'''Composita''' : Sehr gebräuchlich als Vorderglied wie in [[ἀκρόπολις]] (für älteres [[ἄκρη]] [[πόλις]], Frisk IF 52, 282ff., Risch IF 59, 20), immer in lokalem Sinne; danach [[ἀκραής]] eig. [[auf den Höhen wehend]].<br />'''Derivative''': — Neben [[ἄκρος]], -α, -ον steht [[ἄκρις]], -ιος f. [[Berggipfel]] (Od., ''h''. ''Cer''., immer im Plural; im Sing. nur ''Epigr''. ''Gr''. 1035, 8). — Ableitungen von [[ἄκρος]] (-α, -ον): [[ἀκραῖος]], -αία [[auf der Höhe]], [[auf der Burg lebend]], Beiname verschiedener Götter, vgl. Paton ClRev. 21, 47f., auch = [[ἄκρος]] (Opp.). — [[ἀκρία]]· ἡ [[Ἀθηνᾶ]] ἐν Ἄργει H. (auch Name anderer Göttinnen), ἀκρίαι· τὰ [[ἄκρα]] [[τῶν]] ὀρέων H. — Substantiva: [[ἀκρότης]] [[höchster Punkt]], [[äußerste Grenze]], [[Vollendung]] (Hp., Arist., Phld. usw.). — [[ἄκρων]], -ωνος m. [[Extremität]] (''Hippiatr''. 7), Demin. ἀκρωνάριον (ibid.), Abstraktbildung [[ἀκρωνία]] A. ''Eu''. 188, wahrscheinlich [[Verstümmelung]] (vgl. [[ἀκρωτηριασμός]] unten). — [[ἀκρωτήριον]] [[der äußerste]], [[vorragende Teil]], [[Vorgebirge]], [[Schiffsschnabel]], [[Giebelvorsprung]], pl. auch [[Extremitäten]] (ion. att.); wahrscheinlich direkt von [[ἄκρος]] gebildet mit Überspringung eines Zwischengliedes, vgl. etwa [[δεσμός]] : [[δεσμώτης]] :] [[δεσμωτήριον]], s. noch Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 204 A. 2, Schwyzer 470. Von [[ἀκρωτήριον]]: [[ἀκρωτηριάζω]] ‘die ἀκρ. entfernen, verstümmeln, amputieren’ (ion. att.; vgl. [[ἀκρωτερῆσαι]]· κόψαι ἢ ἀχρειῶσαι H.), auch [[ein Vorgebirge bilden]], [[wie ein Vorgebirge hinausragen]] (Plb., Str.). Davon die Verbalnomina [[ἀκρωτηριασμός]] (Dsk. u. a.), [[ἀκρωτηρίασις]] (Gloss.). — Von [[ἄκρος]] werden auch Verba gebildet: [[ἀκρίζω]] [[auf den Fußspitzen gehen]] (E.), = [[τἂ [[ἄκρα]] ἐσθίειν]] Sch. Φ 12; [[ἀκρώσσει]]· ἀκροᾶται, ἑκὼν [[οὐχ]] ὑπακούει, προσποιεῖται H., s. Frisk GHÅ 56 : 3, 22.<br />'''Etymology''' : Es gibt in den übrigen idg. Sprachen viele ''r''-Ableitungen des Elementes ''aḱ''-, die mit [[ἄκρος]], [[ἄκρις]] am nächsten verwandt sind: aind. ''áśri''- f. [[Ecke]], [[scharfe Kante]], ''catur''-''aśra''- [[viereckig]] (vgl. indessen auch [[ὄκρις]]), lat. ''ācer'', -''ris'', ''re'' (alte Vr̥ddhibildung? Frisk IF 56, 113f.), gall. EN ''A''χ''rotalus'' [[mit hoher Stirn]], air. ''ēr'' [[hoch]], alit. ''aštras'', aksl. ''ostrъ'' [[scharf]]. Über ''akro''- in illyrischen Namen s. Krahe Pannonia 1937, 310 A. 40, Karg WuS NF. 4, 183. — Heth. ''ḫekur'' ‘Fels(gipfel)’ bleibt fern, vgl. über dieses Wort Sommer Aḫḫijavā-Urk. 317f. — Weitere Verwandte s. [[ἄκαινα]], [[ἀκή]], [[ἀκμή]] usw., auch [[ὄκρις]].<br />'''Page''' 1,59-60