ἀλώπηξ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰ], εκος (also <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἀλώπηκος <span class="bibl">Anan.5</span>), <b class="b3">ἡ;</b> dat. pl., ἀλώπεξι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">3 Ki.</span>21.10</span>, Ep. ἀλωπήκεσσι <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">C.</span>1.433</span>:—[[fox]], [[Canis vulpes]] (smaller Egyptian species <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>606a24</span>, <b class="b2">C. niloticus</b>), <span class="bibl">Archil.86.2</span>, <span class="bibl">89.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Semon.7.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.67</span>, etc.: of sly persons, ἀλώπεκος ἴχνεσι βαίνειν <span class="bibl">Sol.11.5</span>; <b class="b3">μῆτιν ἀ</b>. a <b class="b2">very fox</b> for craft, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).65</span>: prov., <b class="b3">τὴν . . Ἀρχιλόχου ἀλώπεκα ἑλκτέον ἐξόπισθεν</b> we must trail Archilochus' [[foxskin]] behind, i.e. deceive by false appearances, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>365c</span>; πολλῆς αὐτῆς τῆς ἀ. ἐπιχέαντες <span class="bibl">Eun.<span class="title">Hist.</span>p.249D.</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀ. τὸν βοῦν ἐλαύνει</b> 'sleight masters might', <span class="bibl">Diogenian.2.73</span>; <b class="b3">πεινῶσαν ἀ. ὕπνος ἐπέρχεται</b> 'qui dort dine', <span class="bibl">Id.7.91</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ κέρκος τῇ ἀλώπεκι μαρτυρεῖ</b> 'ex pede Herculem', <span class="bibl">Id.5.15</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐκ αὖθις ἀ</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">πάγαις ἁλώσεται</b>) 'a burnt child dreads the fire', <span class="bibl">Id.2.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> a large [[bat]], [[Sciurus]] or <b class="b2">Pteromys volans</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>490a7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> = [[ἀλωπεκίας]] <span class="bibl">11</span>, ib.<span class="bibl">566a31</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> in pl., <b class="b2">muscles of the loins, psoas-muscles</b>, <span class="bibl">Clearch.92</span>, <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>189</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> = [[ἀλωπεκία]] <span class="bibl">1</span>, [[mange]], <span class="bibl">Herod.7.72</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Dian.</span> 79</span>: in pl., <b class="b2">bald patches</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aff.</span>35</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> kind of [[dance]], dub. in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>419</span> (prob. in sense v), cf. Hsch.s.v. [[ὄρχησις]].</span>

|etymtx=-εκος<br />Grammatical information: f. (on the gender DELG).<br />Meaning: [[fox]] (Archil.).<br />Other forms: A shortened form is <b class="b3">ἀλωπά</b> (Alc.), <b class="b3">ἀλωπός</b> (Hdn.); on its origin Sommer Nominalkomp. 5 A. 5. Denom. <b class="b3">ἀλωπεύει ἀνιχνεύει</b> H., cf. NGr. (Crete) <b class="b3">λαγονεύω</b> [[trace]] from <b class="b3">λαγώς</b>, Kukules <b class="b3">Ἀρχ</b>. <b class="b3">Ἐφ</b>. 27, 70f.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἀλωπεκέη</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆ</b> <b class="b2">fox-skin</b> (Hdt.); <b class="b3">ἀλωπεκία</b> a disease of the skin (Arist.); <b class="b3">ἀλωπεκίς</b> f. = <b class="b3">κυναλώπηξ</b> (X.), also <b class="b2">head-gear from fox-skin</b> (X.) and <b class="b2">kind of vine</b> (Plin.), s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 139<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1179?] <b class="b2">*h₂lop-</b> [[fox]]<br />Etymology: <b class="b3">ἀλώπηξ</b> can agree with Arm. [[aɫuēs]], gen. <b class="b2">-esu</b> [[fox]]. Cf. further Lith. <b class="b2">lãpė</b> and Latv. [[lapsa]]. Schrijver, JIES 26, 1998, 421-434 connects the Celtic words W. [[llywarn]] etc., which he derives from <b class="b2">*lop-erno-</b>, and reconstructs <b class="b2">*h₂lop-</b>. The Greek long [[ō]] is explained from an old nom. <b class="b2">*h₂lōp-s</b>. (Skt. <b class="b2">lopāśá-</b> [[jackal]] and MP [[rōpās]] [[fox]] have an orig. diphthong in the root and cannot be connected. Lat. [[volpes]] [[fox]], Lith. <b class="b2">vilpišỹs</b> <b class="b2">wild cat</b> should also be kept apart; Schrijver starts from a root <b class="b2">*ulp-</b>). - The inflection <b class="b3">ἀλώπηξ</b>, <b class="b3">-εκος</b> is unique in Greek. There is no support for Rix's <b class="b2">-ōk-s</b>, <b class="b2">-ek-os</b> (1976, , 143). In the Armenian form, the [[ē]] presents difficulties and is prob. secondary, the word rather showing old short [[e]]; Clackson 1994, 95. De Vaan, IIJ 43, 2000, 279-293, disconnects the suffix from the Indo-Ir. one (as above the words were disconnected) and doubts that Skt. <b class="b2">-āśa-</b> etc. is of IE origin. He follows Chantr. Form. 376, in assuming that the Greek (and Armenian) suffix <b class="b2">-ek-</b> was taken from a non-IE language; Greek would have lengthened the vowel in the nominative. But this does not explain the Greek ablaut: one would expect that the long vowel was introduced everywhere. Rather the suffixes are IE, and the long vowel of Saskrit and the short of Armenian confirm the Greek ablaut as archaic. - See also Blažek, Linguistica Baltica 7, 1998, 25-31. Cf. Nehring Glotta 14, 184, Lidén KZ 56, 212ff., Fraenkel KZ 63, 189f., Hermann KZ 69, 66.