ἀείρω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ep., Ion., and poet.; αἴρω (once in Hom., v. infr.), Att. and Trag. (exc. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>759</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pers.</span>660</span>, both lyr.); Aeol. ἀέρρω, <span class="bibl">Alc.78</span>: impf. <b class="b3">ἤειρον</b> (συν-) <span class="bibl">Il.10.499</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.125</span>, Ep. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἄειρον <span class="bibl">Il.19.386</span>, Att. and Trag. <b class="b3">ᾖρον</b>: fut. <b class="b3">ἀρῶ [ᾱ</b>], contr. for <b class="b3">ἀερῶ</b> (which is not found), <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pers.</span>795</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>322</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>1148</span>, prob. in <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span> 14</span>: aor. 1 <b class="b3">ἤειρα</b> (συν-) <span class="bibl">Il.24.590</span>, (παρ-) <span class="bibl">Archil.94</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.9.13</span>, Ep. ἄειρα <span class="bibl">Il.23.730</span>; Aeol. imper. ἀέρρατε Sapph.91; subj. ἀέρσῃ <span class="bibl">Panyas.13.13</span>; part. ἀείρας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>418</span>; also ἄηρα <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).449 (Thera); ἦρα <span class="bibl">Hdt. 9.59</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>47</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.18</span>, etc., 3pl. ἤροσαν <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Jo.</span>3.14</span>, opt. ἄραις <span class="bibl">Herod.5.71</span>, inf. ἆραι <span class="bibl">Call. <span class="title">Cer.</span>35</span>, part. ἄρας <span class="bibl">Th.2.12</span>, etc., Cret. ἤραντας <span class="title">GDI</span>5015 (Gort.) [<b class="b3">ᾱ-</b> in all moods]: pf. ἦρκα <span class="bibl">D.25.52</span>, (ἀπ-) <span class="bibl">Th.8.100</span>, plpf. <b class="b3">ἤρκεσαν</b> (ἀπ-) <span class="bibl">D.19.150</span>:—Med. ἀείρομαι (ἀπ-) <span class="bibl">Il. 21.563</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>216</span> (lyr.); αἴρομαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>360</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.60</span>: fut <b class="b3">ἀροῦμαι [ᾱ]</b> <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1597</span> : aor. 1 imper. ἀείραο <span class="bibl">A.R.4.746</span>, inf. <b class="b3">ἀείρασθαι</b> (ἀντ-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.212</span>, part. -άμενος <span class="bibl">Il.23.856</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>4.952.112 (Epid.); also <b class="b3">ἠράμην [ᾱ-</b> in all moods] <span class="bibl">Il.14.510</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.107</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>986</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>525</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>374e</span>, etc., Dor. ἄρατο <span class="bibl">B.2.5</span> : pf. ἦρμαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>54</span>:— Pass., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>450</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>2.174</span>: fut. ἀρθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>565</span>: aor. ἠέρθην <span class="bibl">A.R.4.1651</span>, (παρ-) <span class="bibl">Il.16.341</span>, Ep. ἀέρθην <span class="bibl">Od.19.540</span>, 3pl. ἄερθεν <span class="bibl">Il.8.74</span>, subj. ἀερθῶ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>848</span> (lyr.), part. ἀερθείς <span class="bibl">Od.8.375</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.75</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1525</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.1</span>, etc.; also ἤρθην <span class="bibl">Simon.111</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>214</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Th.4.42</span>, etc., part. ἀρθείς <span class="bibl">Il.13.63</span>, (ἐπ-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.90</span>, etc.: pf. ἤερμαι <span class="bibl">A.R.2.171</span>: Ep. plpf. 3sg. <b class="b3">ἄωρτο</b> (for <b class="b3">ἤορτο</b>) <span class="bibl">Il.3.272</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.24.43</span>, ἔωρτο Hsch. [<b class="b3">ἀείρω</b> has ᾰ, exc. in late poetry, as <span class="bibl">Opp. <span class="title">C.</span>1.347</span>.] (<b class="b3">ἀείρω</b> = [[ἀ-ϝερ-]]yω, cf. αὐειρομέναι <span class="bibl">Alcm.23.63</span>; <b class="b3">αἴρω</b> (oncein Hom., <span class="bibl">Il.17.724</span> in part. <b class="b3">αἴροντας</b>) may = [[ϝαρ-yω]] for <b class="b3">ϝγ[νυλλ ]-ψω</b> from the reduced form of the root, but is more probably an analogical formation arising from the contracted forms. Fut. <b class="b3">ἀροῦμαι [ᾰ]</b> and aor. <b class="b3">ἀρόμην, ἤρετο</b>, etc., inf. <b class="b3">ἀρέσθαι [ᾰ]</b>, belong to <b class="b3">ἄρνυμαι</b>, q.v.; <b class="b3">ἤρᾰτο</b> may have displaced <b class="b3">ἤρετο</b> in Hom, cf. Eust. ad <span class="bibl">Il.3.373</span>. The sense [[attach]] found in compds. <b class="b3">συν-, παρ-αείρω</b> is prob. derived from the use v.<span class="bibl">1</span>.) </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> Act., [[lift]], [[raise up]], νέκυν <span class="bibl">Il.17.724</span>; <b class="b3">ὑψόσ' ἀείρας [κυνέην</b>] <span class="bibl">10.465</span>; πίνακας παρέθηκεν ἀείρας <span class="bibl">Od.1.141</span>; Εὐμάστας με ἄηρεν ἀπὸ χθονός <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).449, inscr. on a stone (Thera); <b class="b3">ἀπὸ γῆς αἴ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>90a</span>; <b class="b3">ἱστία στεῖλαν ἀείραντες</b> furled by [[brailing them up]], <span class="bibl">Od.3.11</span>; but <b class="b3">ἀ. ἱστία</b> [[hoist]] sail, <span class="bibl">A.R.2.1229</span>; αἴ. κεραίας <span class="bibl">D.S. 13.12</span>; εὔμαριν ἀ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 660</span>; <b class="b3">κοῦφον αἴ. βῆμα</b> [[walk lightly]], [[trip]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>342</span>; <b class="b3">αἴ. σκέλη</b>, of a horse, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>10.15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">IA</span>710b20</span>; ὀρθὸν αἴ. τὸ κάρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>496</span>; ὀφθαλμὸν ἄρας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>795</span>; <b class="b3">ἄρασα μύξας</b>, of a deer, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>89</span>; ὀφρῦς αἴροντα <span class="bibl">Diph.85</span>; <b class="b3">αἴ. σημεῖον</b> [[make]] a signal, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.23</span>; <b class="b3">αἴ. μηχανήν</b>, in the theatre, <span class="bibl">Antiph.191.15</span>; so ἐπὶ τὰς μηχανὰς καταφεύγουσι θεοὺς αἴροντες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>425d</span>; <b class="b3">τεῖχος ἱκανὸν αἴ</b>. <span class="bibl">Th.1.90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.75</span>:—freq. in part., <b class="b3">ἄρας ἔπαισε</b> he [[raised]] [them] and struck, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 1270</span>; ἡ βουλὴ ἄρασα τὴν ἀφ' ἱερᾶς ἀφῆκεν <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Cor.</span>32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span> 6.15</span> :—Pass., ἐς αἰθέρα δῖαν ἀέρθη <span class="bibl">Od.19.540</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.8.74</span>; ὑψόσ' ἀερθείς <span class="bibl">Od.12.432</span>; ἔμπνους ἀρθείς <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.1.9</span>; φρυκτοὶ ᾔροντο <span class="bibl">Th.2.94</span>, cf. Aen. Tact.<span class="bibl">26.14</span>; [[mount up]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.2.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἄνω ἀρθῆναι</b>, of the sun, [[to be high]] in heaven, Hp.Aër.6; [[to be seized]], [[snatched up]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>565</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[take up]], in various uses: [[draw]] water, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span> 1339</span>; [[gather]] food, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>707</span>; [[pluck]]herbs, <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.287, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[take up and carry]] or [[bring]], ἐκ βελέων Σαρπηδόνα δῖον ἀείρας <span class="bibl">Il.16.678</span>; νόσφιν ἀειράσας <span class="bibl">24.583</span>; <b class="b3">ἄχθος ἀ</b>. [[convey]], of ships, <span class="bibl">Od.3.312</span>; <b class="b3">μῆλα ἐξ' Ιθάκης ἄειραν νηυσί</b> [[carried]] them [[off]], <span class="bibl">21.18</span>; <b class="b3">μή μοι οἶνον ἄειρε</b> [[bring]] me not wine, <span class="bibl">Il.6.264</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[take up and bear]], as a burden, μόρον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>547</span>; ἆθλον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>80</span>; ἄλγος <span class="bibl">A.R.4.65</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[wear]] clothes, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ki.</span>2.28</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> of armies or fleets, <b class="b3">τὰς ναῦς αἴ</b>. [[get]] the ships [[under sail]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.52</span>; esp. intr., [[get under way]], [[set out]], ἆραι τῷ στρατῷ <span class="bibl">Id.2.12</span>: abs., ib.<span class="bibl">23</span>:—Pass., ἀερθῆναι <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.52</span>; ἀερθέντες ἐκ . . <span class="bibl">1.165</span>; ἀ. εἰς . . <span class="bibl">1.170</span>; ἐφ' ἡμετέρᾳ γᾷ ἀρθείς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>111</span> (lyr.); but <b class="b3">ἀερθείς</b> [[carried too far]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.75</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> [[raise]], [[levy]], λεκτὸν ἀροῦμεν στόλον <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pers.</span>795</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[rear]] a child, τοῖς τοκεῦσί σ' ἤειρα <span class="bibl">Herod.9.13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[raise up]], [[exalt]], ἀπὸ σμικροῦ δ' ἂν ἄρειας μέγαν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>262</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">791</span>; <b class="b3">ὄλβον ὅν Δαρεῖος ἦρεν</b> <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>164</span>:—esp. of pride and passion, [[exalt]], [[excite]], <b class="b3">ὑψοῦ αἴ. θυμόν</b> [[grow excited]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>914</span>; <b class="b3">αἴ. θάρσος</b> [[pluck up]] courage, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>1598</span>:—Pass., [[to be raised]], [[increased]], ἡ δύναμις ᾔρετο <span class="bibl">Th.1.118</span>; ᾔρετο τὸ ὕψος τοῦ τείχους μέγα <span class="bibl">Id.2.75</span>; <b class="b3">ἤρθη μέγας</b> [[rose]] to greatness, <span class="bibl">D.2.8</span>; οὐκ ἤρθη νοῦν ἐς ἀτασθαλίην <span class="bibl">Simon.111</span>; <b class="b3">ἀρθῆναι φόβῳ, δείμασι</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>214</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>69</span>: abs., ἀείρομαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>216</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span> 1180</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[raise by words]], hence, [[praise]], [[extol]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>322</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">αἴ. λόγῳ</b> [[to exaggerate]], <span class="bibl">D.21.71</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">lift and take away, remove</b>, ἀπό με τιμᾶν ἦραν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>847</span>; τινὰ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>578e</span>; generally, <b class="b2">take away, put an end to</b>, κακά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>942</span>; <b class="b3">τραπέζας αἴ</b>. [[clear away]] dinner, <span class="bibl">Men.273</span>; ἀρθέντος τοῦ αἰτίου <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>920b11</span>; [[deny]] (opp. <b class="b3">τίθημι</b> [[posit]]), <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">P.</span>1.10</span>; Delph. and Locr. pf. Pass. part. <b class="b3">ἀρμένος</b> <b class="b2">cancelled, null and void</b>, ὠνὰ ἀ. καὶ ἄκυρος <span class="title">GDI</span>1746 (Delph.); ἀτελὴς καὶ ἀ. <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).374 (Naupactus). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[make away with]], [[destroy]], Ev.Matt.24.39; ἆρον, ἆρον <b class="b2">away with him!</b> Ev.Jo.19.15; <b class="b3">ἐκ τῶν ζώντων αἴ</b>. <span class="title">Tab.Defix.Aud.</span>1.18. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Med., <b class="b2">lift, take up for oneself</b> or <b class="b2">what is one's own</b>, [πέπλων] ἕν' ἀειραμένη <span class="bibl">Il.6.293</span>; hence, [[carry off]], [[win]], πάντας ἀειράμενος πελέκεας <span class="bibl">23.856</span>; ἄρατο νίκαν <span class="bibl">B.2.5</span>; ἠρμένοι νίκην <span class="bibl">Str.3.2.13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ὄγκον ἄρασθαι</b> [[to be puffed up]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 129</span>; θαυμαστὸν ὄγκον ἀράμενοι τοῦ μύθου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>277b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[raise]], [[lift]], τύπωμα ἠρμένοι χεροῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>54</span>; <b class="b3">κανοῦν αἴ</b>. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>850</span>; βοῦς <span class="title">IG</span>22.1028.28, cf. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>27.5</span>; <b class="b3">ῥόθιον</b> [[raise]] a surging cheer, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 546</span>; Σαμόσατα ἀράμενος μετέθηκεν <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>24</span>; <b class="b3">ἀείρεσθαι τὰ ἱστία</b> [[hoist]] sail, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.56</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">94</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[raise]], [[stir up]], νεῖκος ἀειράμενος <span class="bibl">Thgn.90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>986</span>,<span class="bibl">991</span>; [[begin]], [[undertake]], πόλεμον A. <b class="b2">Supp.</b>.342, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.132</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.60</span>, <span class="bibl">D.5.5</span> (Pass., πόλεμος αἴρεται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span> 1188</span>); κίνδυνον <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.63</span>; <b class="b3">φυγὴν αἴρεσθαι</b> [[take to]] flight, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 481</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>54</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[take upon oneself]], [[undergo]], πόνον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>907</span>; πένθος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>1225</span>; βάρος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>473</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> abs., <b class="b3">βαρὺς ἀ</b>. slow to [[undertake anything]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.150</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[take away]], [[remove]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1201</span>; hence, [[kill]] or [[destroy]], <span class="bibl">D.H.4.4</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>19.1.3</span>; πόλιν <span class="bibl">D.H.6.23</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Pass., [[to be suspended]], [[hang]], [μάχαιρα] πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν αἰὲν ἄωρτο <span class="bibl">Il.3.272</span>, <span class="bibl">19.253</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Medic., [[to be swollen]], [σπλὴν] ἀερθείς <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.61</span>; <b class="b3">μαζοὶ ἀείρονται</b> ib.<span class="bibl">2.174</span>.</span>