πτωχός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, also ός, όν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1274</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>444</span>,<span class="bibl">751</span>:—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[beggar]], <span class="bibl">Od. 14.400</span>, <span class="bibl">18.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.14</span>, etc.; πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε <span class="bibl">Od.6.208</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.475</span>; πτωχὸς πτωχῷ φθονέει <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>26</span>; π. ἀνὴρ ἀλαλήμενος ἐλθών <span class="bibl">Od.21.327</span>; π. καὶ ἀλήμονες ἄνδρες <span class="bibl">19.74</span>; πτωχοὺς ἀλᾶσθαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>515</span>; πτωχοῦ βίος ζῆν ἐστιν μηδὲν ἔχοντα, τοῦ δὲ πένητος ζῆν φειδόμενον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>552</span>: prov., πτωχοῦ πήρη οὐ πίμπλαται <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>360</span>: <b class="b3">πτωχή</b> [[beggar-woman]], <span class="bibl">Ath.10.453a</span> (so <b class="b3">πτωχός</b> (fem.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>444</span>); χήρα πτωχή <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>12.42</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., οἱ π. τῷ πνεύματι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>5.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>6.20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> as Adj., [[beggarly]], πτωχῷ διαίτῃ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>751</span>; π. στοιχεῖα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Gal.</span>4.9</span>: c. gen., [[beggared of]], [[poor in]], [πηγὴ] π. νυμφῶν <span class="title">AP</span>9.258 (Antiphan.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Comp. πτωχότερος <span class="bibl">Timocl.6.10</span>; prov., <b class="b3">π. κίγκλου</b> 'as poor as a church mouse', <span class="bibl">Men.221</span>; irreg. πτωχίστερος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>425</span>: Sup. πτωχότατος <span class="title">AP</span>10.50 (Pall.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> Adv. <b class="b3">-χῶς</b> [[poorly]], [[scantily]], ἠροτρία π. μέν, ἀλλ' ἀναγκαίως <span class="bibl">Babr.55.2</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m. (f.)<br />Meaning: [[beggar]], also adj. [[begging]], [[poor]] (Od.).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πτωχο-ποιός</b> [[drawing beggarly characters]] (Ar.), [[making beggars]] (Plu.), <b class="b3">ὑπέρ-πτωχος</b> [[very poor]] (Arist.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 170 n. 3).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">πτωχ-ικός</b> [[beggarly]] (Att.; Chantraine Études 119), <b class="b3">-εῖον</b> n. [[almshouse]] (Cod. Iust. a.o.), <b class="b3">-εύω</b> [[to beg]] (Od.) with <b class="b3">-εία</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ηΐη</b> f. [[beggary]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> [[to make a beggar]] (LXX).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [825] <b class="b2">*pteh₂-(k-</b>) [[duck away]], [[shy]]<br />Etymology: Velar fornation like [[πτώξ]], [[πτώσσω]] (s. vv. and [[πτοέω]]) with popular-expressive aspiration, but withour direct agreement; cf. however, with combined <b class="b3">ρ-</b>suffix, the synonymous <b class="b3">πενι-χρός</b> (s. [[πένομαι]]). With the much later perf. <b class="b3">ἔπτηχα</b> (Schwyzer 458 a. 772) there is no direct connection.