ἔαρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A), τό, Hom. (only gen. <b class="b3">ἔαρος</b>), etc.; contr. ἦρ <span class="bibl">Alcm.76</span>: gen., dat., <b class="b3">ἦρος, ἦρι</b>, Lyr. (<span class="bibl">Alc.45</span>), Att., and prob. Ion., cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.77</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Epid.</span>1.1</span> (but <b class="b3">ἔαρος</b> is found in codd. of <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.31</span>, <span class="bibl">7.162</span>, al., Hp.l.c.): poet. gen., dat., <b class="b3">εἴαρος, εἴαρι</b> (metri gr.), <span class="bibl">Alcm.26</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>174</span> (nisi leg. <b class="b3">ἤαρος</b>), and later Poets (whence was formed late nom. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> εἶαρ Numen. ap.<span class="bibl">Ath.9.371e</span>, Ter.Maur.653); cf. Hdn.Gr.1.408 (Hes. used <b class="b3">ἔαρ</b> as a monos., and <b class="b3">ἔαρι</b> as a trochee, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Op.</span>492</span>,<span class="bibl">462</span>):—[[spring]], ἔαρος δ' ἐπιγίγνεται ὥρῃ <span class="bibl">Il.6.148</span>; <b class="b3">ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο</b> early [[spring]], <span class="bibl">Od.19.519</span>; ἔαρι πολεῖν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>462</span>; <b class="b3">ἅμα τῷ ἔαρι</b> at the beginning of [[spring]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.31</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.4.117</span>, <span class="bibl">6.8</span>; πρὸς ἔαρ <span class="bibl">Id.5.56</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρὸς τὸ ἔ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">17</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ τὸ ἔ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.3.116</span>; ἐξ ἦρος εἰς Ἀρκτοῦρον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1137</span>: prov., μία χελιδὼν ἔαρ οὐ ποιεῖ <span class="bibl">Cratin.33</span>; also of the [[prime]], [[flower]] of anything, ἔφηβοι . . ἔ. τοῦ δήμου <span class="bibl">Demad.<span class="title">Fr.</span>4S.</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.162</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1411a3</span>; <b class="b3">ἔ. ὁρόωσα</b> looking [[fresh and bright]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.13.45</span>; <b class="b3">γενύων ἔ</b>. [[the first down]] on a youth's face, <span class="title">AP</span>6.242 (Crin.); <b class="b3">ὕμνων ἔ</b>. [[the freshest]], [[brightest]] of their kind, ib.<span class="bibl">7.12</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ἔ. τῶν πτερῶν</b>, of a peacock, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Dom.</span>11</span>. (ϝεςṛ-, cf. <b class="b3">γέαρ, γίαρ[ες</b>], Lat. [[vēr]], Skt. [[vasantas]], Lith. [[vasara]] 'summer'.)</span><br /><span class="bld">ἔᾰρ</span> (B) or εἶᾰρ (Hsch. ἦαρ, ἴαρα), τό, in Alex. Poets, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[blood]], λύθρῳ τε καὶ εἴαρι πεπλήθασι Call.<b class="b2">Fr.anon</b>.<span class="bibl">20</span>; Αἰακίδαο εἴαρος <span class="bibl">Euph.39.3</span>; τὸ δ' ἐκ μέλαν εἶαρ ἔλαπτεν <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>247</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Al.</span>314</span>, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>2.618</span>; cf. <b class="b3">εἰαροπότης, εἰαροπῶτις</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[juice]], εἶαρ ἐλαίης <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Al.</span>87</span>; ἐκ λύχνου πῖον ἔλειξαν ἔαρ <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>201</span>. (Cypr. acc. to Hsch.; identified with <b class="b3">ἔαρ</b> [[spring]], by <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>307.44</span>, Suid.; cf. Skt. [[ásṛk]], gen. [[asnás]], Lett. [[asinis]] 'blood'.)</span>

|etymtx=1. <b class="b3">-ρος</b><br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[blood]], metaph. [[sap]] (Call.; acc to H. Cyprian).<br />Other forms: (also <b class="b3">εἶαρ</b>, <b class="b3">ἦαρ</b>)<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">εἰαροπότης αἱμοπότης</b>, <b class="b3">ψυχοπότης</b> H.; <b class="b3">εἰαροπῶτις</b> acc. to schol. T v. l. for <b class="b3">ἠεροφοῖτις</b> (<b class="b3">Ἐρινύς</b>) Τ 87 (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 114 m. n. 1).<br />Derivatives: None<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [343] <b class="b2">*h₁esh₂-r̥</b> [[blood]]<br />Etymology: Old word for blood: Hitt. <b class="b2">ešḫar</b>, gen. <b class="b2">eš(ḫa)naš</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">ásr̥k</b>, gen. <b class="b2">asnáḥ</b>, Lat. [[aser]] (Gloss., Paul. Fest.; form uncertain), Toch. AB [[ysār]], B [[yasar]], Latv. [[asins]]; extended form in Arm. [[ar-iwn]] (Kortlandt, Armeniaca 2003, 131f.. < <b class="b2">*esar</b>). The original <b class="b2">r-n-</b>stem is maintained in Hitt. and Skt. - The vowellength will be due to metrical lengthening (old, Schulze Q. 165f.). - As in Greek by [[αἷμα]] (s. d.) the word was replaced in Latin and Sanskrit ([[sanguis]], <b class="b2">rudhirám</b> cf. on <b class="b3">ἐρυθρός</b>).<br />2. <b class="b3">ἔαρος</b><br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[spring]] (Il.; cf Schwyzer 251).<br />Other forms: also <b class="b3">ἦρος</b>, <b class="b3">ἦρι</b> (Att., also Ion. and Alc.) with new nom. <b class="b3">ἦρ</b> (Alcm.)<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">ἐαρί-δρεπτος</b> [[picked in spring]] (Pi.), <b class="b3">ἐαρο-τρεφής</b> (Mosch.) etc.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἐαρινός</b> (also <b class="b3">εἰ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἠ-</b> like <b class="b3">εἴαρος</b> through metrical lengthening), poet. also <b class="b3">ἠρινός</b> [[belonging to the spring]] (Il.); idem <b class="b3">ἐάρτερος</b> (Nic. Th. 380, with contrasting <b class="b3">-τερος</b>, Schwyzer-Debrunner 183); <b class="b3">ἐαρίδας τὰς κανθαρίδας</b> H.; on the semantics Strömberg Wortstudien 13. - Denomin. verb <b class="b3">ἐαρίζω</b> <b class="b2">bloom as in spring etc.</b> (Pl.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1174] <b class="b2">*u̯es-r̥</b> [[spring]]<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">γέαρ ἔαρ</b> H. and Hom. prosody (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 128) one concludes to <b class="b3">Ϝέαρ</b>, from <b class="b3">*Ϝέσαρ</b>, an old <b class="b2">r-n-</b>stem: Av. loc. [[vaŋri]] < <b class="b2">*vasr-i</b> [[in spring]], Arm. [[gar-un]] [[spring]], Lith. <b class="b2">vasar-à</b> [[summer]]; OCS etc. [[vesn-a]] [[spring]], Skt. <b class="b2">vasan-tá-</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (cf. <b class="b2">heman-tá-</b> [[winter]], s. <b class="b3">χειμών</b>). On the Celtic forms s. Pok 1174. - Beside IE <b class="b2">*u̯es-r-</b>, <b class="b2">*u̯es-n-</b> Lat. [[vēr]], ONord. [[vār]] n. (<b class="b2">o-</b>stem). Porzig Gliederung 110f. suggests, that Lat.-Germ. <b class="b2">*u̯ēr-</b> was changed after the wordt for [[year]], IE <b class="b2">*i̯ēr-</b> (s. <b class="b3">ὥρα</b>). - With <b class="b3">ἐαρινός</b> cf. Lith. <b class="b2">vasarìnis</b> [[of the summer]] and Lat. [[vernus]] (like [[hibernus]], [[hornus]]).