ὀργή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[natural impulse]] or [[propensity]] (v. <b class="b3">ὀργάω</b> II): hence, [[temperament]], [[disposition]], [[mood]], κηφήνεσσι κοθούροις εἴκελος ὀργήν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 304</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thgn.98</span>,<span class="bibl">214</span>,<span class="bibl">964</span>, etc. ; ὀργὴν ἄλλοτ' ἀλλοίην ἔχει <span class="bibl">Semon.7.11</span> ; so <b class="b3">μείλιχος, γλυκεῖα ὀργά</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.43</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>2.35</span> ; εὐανθεῖ ἐν ὀργᾷ παρμένων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>1.89</span> ; ὀργῆς τραχύτης <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>80</span> ; <b class="b3">ὠμή, ἀτέραμνος ὀργή</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>187</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span>192</span>, etc. ; <b class="b3">ὀργῆς νοσούσης εἰσὶν ἰατροὶ λόγοι</b> <b class="b2">of 'a mind</b> diseased', ib.<span class="bibl">380</span>: so in pl., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>205</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>5(4).34</span> ; ὀργαῖς ἀλωπέκων ἴκελοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>2.77</span> ; κνωδάλων ἔχοντες ὀργάς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>763</span> ; <b class="b3">ἀστυνόμοι ὀργαί</b> social [[dispositions]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>356</span> (lyr., cf. σύντροφος <span class="bibl">3</span>); ὀργαὶ ἤπιοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>53</span> : also in Prose, διεπειρᾶτο αὐτῶν τῆς τε ἀνδραγαθίης καὶ τῆς ὀργῆς <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.128</span> ; οὐ τῇ αὐτῇ ὀ. ἀναπειθομένους τε πολεμεῖν καὶ ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ πράσσοντας <span class="bibl">Th.1.140</span> ; <b class="b3">τῇ ὀ… χαλεπῇ ἐχρῆτο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">130</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐπιφέρειν ὀργάς τινι</b> suit [[one's moods]] to another, <span class="bibl">Id.8.83</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Cratin.230</span> ; ὁ πόλεμος πρὸς τὰ παρόντα τὰς ὀ. τῶν πολλῶν ὁμοιοῖ <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span> ; τὴν τῶν πολλῶν . . συνιόντων ὀ… σοφίαν ἡγούμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>493d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[anger]], [[wrath]], <b class="b3">ὀργῇ χρῆσθαι</b> to be in a [[passion]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.85</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1241</span>; ὀργὴν ποιήσασθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.25</span> ; ὀργὴν ποιεῖσθαι εἰ . . <span class="bibl">Th.4.122</span> ; ὀργῇ χάριν δοῦναι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>855</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀργῇ εἶξαι, χαρίζεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>80</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>31</span> ; ὀργὴν ἔχειν τινί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>659</span> (but <b class="b3">ὀ. ἔχει</b> [[involves]] anger, <span class="bibl">D.10.44</span>); δι' ὀργῆς ἔχειν τινά <span class="bibl">Th.5.46</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν, ποιεῖσθαί τινα</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.2.65</span>, <span class="bibl">D.1.16</span> ; οὐ τίθεται ταῦτα παρ' ὑμῖν εἰς . . ἣν προσῆκεν ὀ. <span class="bibl">Id.18.138</span> ; εἰς ὀργὴν πεσεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>696</span>, etc. ; ὀργῇ περιπεπτωκέναι <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Ep.</span>2.14</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνιέναι τῆς ὀργῆς, ὀργὴν χαλᾶν</b>, remit [[one's anger]], be pacified, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>700</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>727</span>; ὀ. κατέχειν <span class="bibl">Philem.185</span> ; ὀργῆς κρατεῖν <span class="bibl">Men.574</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀ. ἐμποιεῖν τινι</b> make one angry, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>793e</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀργῆς τυγχάνειν</b> to be visited with [[anger]], <span class="bibl">D. 21.175</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὀργὴν ἄκρος</b> quick [[to anger]], passionate, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.73</span>: in pl., ὀργὰς ἀφιέναι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>317</span>; φαίνειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>326</span> (lyr.), al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Adverbial usages, ὀργῇ <b class="b2">in anger. in a passion</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.61</span>,<span class="bibl">114</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>405</span>, etc. ; ὀργᾷ περιόργῳ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>216</span>(lyr.); δι' ὀργῆς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>807</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.11</span> ; δι' ὀργάν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>981</span> (lyr.) ; ἐξ ὀργῆς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>766</span> ; κατ' ὀργήν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>933</span>, etc.; μετ' ὀργῆς <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>34d</span> ; μετὰ τῆς ὀ. <span class="bibl">D.21.76</span> ; πρὸς ὀργήν <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">El.</span>369</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>844</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.65</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀργῆς χάριν, ὀ. ὕπο</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>688</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span> 335</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> c. gen., <b class="b3">Πανὸς ὀργαί</b> [[visitations of]] Pan's [[wrath]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Med.</span> 1172</span> ; but </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> c. gen. objecti, <b class="b3">ὀργή τινος</b> [[anger at]] or [[because of]] a thing, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1309</span> (cj.), <span class="bibl">Lys.12.20</span> ; ὀ. τῆς προδοσίας εἶχε τοὺς Ἀθηναίους <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Them.</span>9</span> ; ἀπύρων ἱερῶν ὀργάς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>71</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> v. [[ὀργάς]] <span class="bibl">2</span>.—Not in Hom., who uses <b class="b3">θυμός</b> instead ; once in Hes.; freq. in Eleg. and Lyr. and in Ion. and Att. Prose.</span>

|etymtx=1.<br />Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">psychical drive, propensity, character, (strong) emotion, passion, wrath</b> (h. Cer. 205, Hes. Op.304; on the meaning Marg Charakter 13 f., cf. Diller Gnomon 15, 597).<br />Compounds: As 2. member in <b class="b3">ἄν-</b>, <b class="b3">δύσ-</b>, <b class="b3">εὔ-οργος</b> (Cratin., S.), analog. enlarged in <b class="b3">ἀν-</b>, <b class="b3">δυσ-</b>, <b class="b3">εὑ-όργ-ητος</b> (Hp., Gorg., Th.; cf. <b class="b3">ἄνο-ος</b> : <b class="b3">ἀνό-ητος</b> a.o.) with <b class="b3">-ησία</b> f. (Hp., E.), with transference to the <b class="b3">σ-</b>stems e.g. <b class="b3">περι-οργής</b> (Th.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ὀργ-ίλος</b> [[irascible]] (Hp., X., D., Arist.) with <b class="b3">-ιλότης</b> f. (Arist., Plu.). -- Besides, prob. as denomin., <b class="b3">ὀργάω</b>, rarely w. <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b> a.o., mostly pres. <b class="b2">to bristle, swell with nourishing liquids and juice</b> (of the earth and of fruits), <b class="b2">to bristle with, to be full of lust and desire</b> (of men), [[to desire strongly]] (IA.) with derivv.: 1.<b class="b3">νέ-οργος</b> [[freshened]] (<b class="b3">γῆ</b>, Thphr.; backformation); 2. <b class="b3">ἐξόργησις</b> f. [[stong desire]] (Herm. in Phdr.); 3. <b class="b3">ὀργητύς ὀργή</b> H.; 4. <b class="b3">ὀργασμός</b> f. [[orgasm]] (sch. Hp.), after <b class="b3">σπασμός</b> a.o. -- Further from <b class="b3">ὀργή</b> in the sense of [[wrath]] : 1. <b class="b3">ὀργίζομαι</b> [[to be angry]], also <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> [[to make angry]], not seldom w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b3">παρ-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, (Att.) with <b class="b3">παροργ-ισμός</b> m., <b class="b3">-ισμα</b> n. [[provocation]], [[wrath]] (LXX, Ep. Eph.); 2. <b class="b3">ὀργαίνω</b> [[to make]], to [[be wrathful]] (S., E.). -- From <b class="b3">ὀργάω</b> (if not from <b class="b3">ὀργή</b> or an older root-noun, s.bel.) also <b class="b3">ὀργάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. <b class="b2">luxuriously fertile (earth, marsh)</b> (Att.); on the formation Schwyzer 508, Chantraine Form. 351 a. 356.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1169] <b class="b2">*u̯e\/or(H)ǵ-</b> [[swell of juice]], [[strength]], [[anger]]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">ὀργή</b> agrees formally exactly Skt. <b class="b2">ūrjā́</b> f. [[nourishment]], [[strength]] (on the phonetics Schwyzer 363), which however was enlarged from older <b class="b2">ū́rj-</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Wack.-Debrunner II: 2, 260f.); the formal identity of <b class="b3">ὀργή</b> and <b class="b2">ūrjā́</b> is therefore secondary. Semantically <b class="b2">ūrj(ā́</b>) fits much better to <b class="b3">ὀργάω</b>, which preserved the original concrete meaning. The same transference to the psychological area as <b class="b3">ὀργή</b> shows OIr. [[ferc]] f. [[rage]] (IE <b class="b2">*e</b>). WP. 1, 289 w. lit., Pok. 1169, Mayrhofer 1,116, Dehò Ist. Lomb. 91, 372f.; older lit. also in Bq. The Skt. form seems to require <b class="b2">*u̯rHg-</b>, but this has not been definitely solved. -- After Specht KZ 59, 80 "first to <b class="b3">ἔρδω</b>"; for semantic influence of <b class="b3">ἔργον</b> on <b class="b3">ὀργή</b> (S. Ant. 355) and <b class="b3">ὀργάς</b> etc. Tovar Emer. 10, 228ff.<br />2.<br />Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: difficult word in Herond. IV 46; perh. adj. opposed to <b class="b3">βέβηλος</b>. Cf. V. Schmidt, Sprach. Unters. zu Herondas 109-114, who thinks that the subst. supposed is <b class="b3">γυνή</b> rather than <b class="b3">γῆ</b>; it could mean [[initiated]] and belong to <b class="b3">ὄργια</b>.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Uncertain.