πίμπλημι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=in pres. and impf. formed <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> like [[ἵστημι]]; Aeol. 3pl. πίμπλεισι Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>25.3; Ep. 3sg. subj. πιμπλῇσι <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>301</span>; imper. [[πίμπλη]] cj. in <span class="bibl">Xenarch.3</span>, ἐμ-πίμπλη <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1310</span>; part. πιμπλάς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 586b</span>; but nom.pl.fem. πιμπλεῖσαι <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>880</span>: impf. 3pl. ἐπίμπλασαν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.10</span>: other tenses from [[πλήθω]] (which in pres. and impf. is intr.): fut. πλήσω <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>692</span>, ([[ἀνα]]-) <span class="bibl">Od.5.302</span>: aor. ἔπλησα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span> 905</span>, etc.; Ep. πλῆσα <span class="bibl">Il.13.60</span>, al.: pf. [[πέπληκα]] ([[ἐμ]]-) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>23e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ly.</span> 204d</span>:—Med., fut.[[πλήσομαι]] ([[ἐμ]]-) <span class="bibl">Arat.1121</span>, <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">Syr.</span>7</span>:aor. ἐπλησάμην <span class="bibl">Il.9.224</span>, etc.:—Pass., fut. πλησθήσομαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>1.15</span>, <span class="bibl">Charito 5.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Him.<span class="title">Or.</span>23.14</span>, ([[ἐμ]]-) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>664</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.69</span>; also πεπλήσομαι <span class="bibl">Porph. <span class="title">Abst.</span>1.16</span>: aor. ἐπλήσθην <span class="bibl">Il.20.156</span>, etc.; Ep. 3pl. πλῆσθεν <span class="bibl">17.211</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.705</span>: pf. πέπλησμαι <span class="bibl">Babr.60</span>, (ἐμ-) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>518b</span>, 3pl. πεπλήαται <span class="bibl">Semon.31</span> A, πέπληνται <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Flat.</span>8</span>; also shortd. form πλῆνται <span class="bibl">Parm. 1.13</span>: aor. 2 [[ἐπλήμην]], Ep.3sg. and pl. <b class="b3">πλῆτο, πλῆντο</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.17.499</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.57</span>, <span class="bibl">Parm.12.1</span>; ἐν-έπλητο <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>911</span>, <span class="bibl">1304</span>; imper. <b class="b3">ἔμ-πλησο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">603</span>; opt. <b class="b3">ἐμ-πλῄμην, -ῇτο</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ach.</span>236</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lys.</span>235</span>; part. ἐμ-πλήμενος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span> 424</span>, <span class="bibl">984</span>, etc.—In the compd. [[ἐμπίμπλημι]] (q.v.; more freq. in Prose) the second μ is sts. dropped, as [[ἐμπίπλημι]]; but returns with the augm., as in [[ἐνεπίμπλασαν]]; cf. [[πίμπρημι]] :—[[fill]], c. gen.rei, [[fill full of]]... τράπεζαν ἀμβροσίης <span class="bibl">Od.5.93</span>; πήρην σίτου καὶ κρειῶν <span class="bibl">17.411</span>; <b class="b3">π. τινὰ μένεος, θάρσευς φρένας</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.13.60</span>, <span class="bibl">17.573</span>; καλάμης τὸ πλοῖον <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.194</span>; π. κρητῆρα κακῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1398</span>; πίμπλημ' ὄμμα δακρύων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>906</span>; <b class="b3">δακρύων ἔπλησεν ἐμέ</b> [[filled]] me [[full]] of tears, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>368</span>: c. dat. rei, [[fill with]]... ἰαχῇ τε φόβῳ τε πάσας πλῆσαν ὁδούς <span class="bibl">Il.16.374</span>; δακρύοις Ἑλλάδ' ἅπασαν ἔπλησεν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1363</span> (lyr.); simply, [[fill]], ἰχθύες… πιμπλᾶσι μυχούς <span class="bibl">Il.21.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.35</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>411</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>494a</span>; π. μέλος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>57.4</span>: abs., <b class="b3">πίμπλη σὺ μὲν ἐμοί</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τὴν κύλικα</b>) <span class="bibl">Xenarch.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[fill full]], [[satisfy]], [[glut]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>146</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[fill]], [[discharge]] an office, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>361</span> (dub.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Med., [[fill for oneself]], or [[what is one's own]], <b class="b3">πλησάμενος οἴνοιο δέπας</b> [[having filled himself]] a cup of wine, <span class="bibl">Il.9.224</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.14.112</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. νῆας</b> [[load]] ships, ib.<span class="bibl">87</span>; <b class="b3">π.… θυμὸν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος</b> [[fill up]], [[satiate]] one's desire with... <span class="bibl">17.603</span>; ματρόθεν δυσώνυμα λέκτρ' ἐπλήσω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>528</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">πεδία πίμπλασθ' ἁρμάτων</b> [[fill]] the plain [[full of your]] chariots, v.l. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>522</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Pass., to [[be filled]], [[be full of]], τῶν… ἐπλήσθη πεδίον <span class="bibl">Il.20.156</span>; πλῆτο ῥόος… ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">21.16</span>; ὄσσε δακρυόφι πλῆσθεν <span class="bibl">Od.4.705</span>, etc.; μένεος… φρένες… πίμπλαντο <span class="bibl">Il.1.104</span>; πλῆσθεν… μέλε' ἐντὸς ἀλκῆς <span class="bibl">17.211</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλκῆς πλῆτο φρένας</b>… ib.<span class="bibl">499</span>; ἀϋτῆς… ἐπλήσθη στέγος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>646</span>: rarely c. dat., λέκτρα δ' ἀνδρῶν πόθῳ πίμπλαται δακρύμασι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>134</span> (lyr.); δάκρυσι τὸ στράτευμα πλησθέν <span class="bibl">Th.7.75</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">to be filled, satisfied, have enough of</b> a thing, αἱμάτων γένυσιν πλησθῆναι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>121</span>; <b class="b3">π. τῆς νόσου ξυνουσίᾳ</b> [[to be wearied of it by]] being with it, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>520</span>; ἡδονῶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>442a</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of females, [[become pregnant]], <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">HA</span>576b29</span>, <span class="bibl">578b32</span>. (Cf. Skt.[[piparti]] 'fill', [[pūrṇá]]-, Lat. [[plenus]], Goth. [[fulls]], etc. 'full'.)</span>

|etymtx=-αμαι<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to fill]], [[to make full]], intr. <b class="b2">to fill oneself, to become or be full</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">-άνεται</b> 3. sg. (I 679), rare <b class="b3">-άω</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b> (Hp.), also [[πλήθω]] (intr., late also tr.; ep. poet. Il.). Aor. <b class="b3">πλῆ-σαι</b>, <b class="b3">-σασθαι</b>, <b class="b3">-σθῆναι</b>, (Il.), intr. <b class="b3">πλῆ-το</b>, <b class="b3">-ντο</b> (ep.), <b class="b3">ἐν-έπλητο</b> etc. (Att.), fut. <b class="b3">πλή-σω</b>, <b class="b3">-σομαι</b> (Od.), <b class="b3">-σθήσομαι</b> (Att.), perf. midd. [[πέπλησμαι]] (IA.), act. [[πέπληκα]] (Att.), intr. [[πέπληθα]] (poet.).<br />Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-(συν-ανα-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-ανα-</b> a.o.), <b class="b3">ἐν-</b> (<b class="b3">ἀντ-εν-</b>, <b class="b3">παρ-εν-</b> a.o.). As 1. member in some governing compp., e.g. [[πλησίστιος]] [[filling the sail]] (Od., E.), [[with full sails]] (Ph., Plu.).<br />Derivatives: 1. [[πλέως]] (also w. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> a.o. to <b class="b3">ἐμ-πίμπλημι</b> etc.), Ion. [[πλέος]], ep. [[πλεῖος]] = <b class="b3">*πλῆος</b>, ntr. [[πλέον]] [[full]] (Il.). On the comp. [[πλείων]] with sup. [[πλεῖστος]] s. esp. -- 2. <b class="b3">πλή-μη</b> f. [[high tide]], [[flood]] (Plb., Str. a.o.), <b class="b3">-σμη</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hes. Fr. 217), <b class="b3">-μα πλήρωμα</b> H., <b class="b3">-σμα</b> n. [[fertilisation]] (Arist.); <b class="b3">-σμιος</b> [[saturating]], [[causing tedium]] (Epicur., medic.); <b class="b3">-σμονή</b> f. <b class="b2">fullness, congestion, (over)saturation</b> (IA.; Schwyzer 524, Chantraine Form. 207) with <b class="b3">-σμονώδης</b> (Hp., Gal.), <b class="b3">-σμονικός</b> (Pythag. Ep.) <b class="b2">(over)saturating</b>. On [[πλήμνη]] s. v. -- 3. <b class="b3">πλή-ρης</b> [[full]] (IA.); as 1. member e.g. <b class="b3">πληρο-φορέω</b> <b class="b2"> fulfill</b> (Ctes., LXX, NT, pap.); <b class="b3">πληρό-της</b> f. [[fullness]] (Plu.), <b class="b3">πληρ-όω</b>, very often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b2">to make full, to (ful)fill, to finish, to pay fully</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> a.o.) n. <b class="b2">filling, filling piece, full number, full payment, (full) crew</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> u.a.) f. [[accomplishment]], [[complement]], [[satisfaction]] (IA.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 128), <b class="b3">-ωτής</b> (<b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>) m. [[finisher]], [[executor]], [[collector]] (Att.), <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> a.o.) [[fulfilling]], [[completing]] (Epicur., medic. a. o.). -- 4. <b class="b3">πλῆ-θος</b> n. <b class="b2">fulness, mass (of people), herd</b> (Il., Dor., Arc.); often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">παμ-πληθής</b> <b class="b2">consisting of a whole mass, very numerous</b> (Att.); <b class="b3">-θα</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Locr., Boeot.); <b class="b3">-θύς</b>, <b class="b3">-θύος</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ion. Cret. Locr. hell.; Bechtel Dial. 2, 791f., also Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 110 against Leumann Hom. Wörter 294 f.) with <b class="b3">-θύω</b> <b class="b2">to be full, to become full, increase</b>, <b class="b3">-θύνομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-θύνω</b> <b class="b2">to belong to the mass, to agree with it, to augment oneself; to make full, to augment</b> (A., Arist., LXX, NT); from it <b class="b3">-θυσμός</b> m. [[increase]] (Procl., Simp.), <b class="b3">-θυντικός</b> [[plural]] (Gramm. a.o.); 5. <b class="b3">πληθ-ώρα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-η</b> f. [[fulness]], rnedic. [[plethora]], [[full-blooded]] (Ion. hell.; on the secondary barytonesis Wackernagel-Debrunner Phil. 95, 181 f.) with <b class="b3">-ωριάω</b> <b class="b2">suffer from p.</b>. <b class="b3">-ωρικός</b> [[plethoric]] (Gal.), <b class="b3">-ωρέω</b> [[to be full]] (Suid.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [799] <b class="b2">*pleh₁-</b> [[fill]]<br />Etymology: The sigmatic aorist 3. sg. <b class="b3">ἔ-πλησ-ε</b> is (except for the <b class="b3">-ε</b>) identical with Skt. [[á-prās]]: IE <b class="b2">*é-pleh₁s-t</b>; with 1. pl. pres. <b class="b3">πίμ-πλα-μεν</b> agrees also, setting aside the secondary nasalisation of the present, Skt. <b class="b2">pi-pr̥-más</b> : IE <b class="b2">*pi-pl̥-mé(s</b>). Also 3. sg. <b class="b3">πίμ-πλη-σι</b> has a non-Gr. agreement, in Av. <b class="b2">ham-pā-frāi-ti</b> [[fills up]] over against Skt. <b class="b2">pí-par-ti</b> from IE <b class="b2">*pi-pel-ti</b>. Both in Greek and in Iran. came in sing. the langvocalic full grade <b class="b2">plē-</b> after other forms (e.g. the aor. <b class="b2">*é-plēs-</b>) for the prob. older Skt. <b class="b2">pí-par-ti</b>. After the pattern of [[τίθημι]] : [[τίθεμεν]] one made sometimes forms like ptc. pl. f. [[πιμπλεῖσαι]] (Hes.: [[τιθεῖσαι]]). With <b class="b3">πέ-πλη-θ-α</b> cf. still Skt. <b class="b2">pa-prā́</b>[[[u]]] (on [[θ]] below). -- The <b class="b2">r-</b>suffix in <b class="b3">πλή-ρης</b> (for older <b class="b3">*πλη-ρο-ς</b>? Schwyzer 513) is both in Arm. [[li-r]] [[fullness]] (from <b class="b2">*plē-r-i-</b>) and in Lat. [[plē-rus]] [[for the greater part]], [[plērī-que]] [[most]] (s. W.-Hofmann s. v.) attested. Also [[πλέως]] from <b class="b3">*πλῆος</b> (= Hom. [[πλεῖος]]), <b class="b3">*πλη-(ι)ος</b> can be equated with Arm. [[li]] [[full]] (better then [[li]] from <b class="b2">*plē-tos</b> = Lat. <b class="b2">-plētus</b> a.o.). The <b class="b2">m-</b>suffix in <b class="b3">πλή-μη</b>, <b class="b3">-μα</b> seems also in Lat. [[plēminābantur replēbantur]] (Gloss.; from <b class="b2">*plēmen</b> = [[πλῆμα]]) to be represented. -- Like <b class="b3">πλῆ-θος</b> : <b class="b3">πλή-θω</b>, <b class="b3">πέ-πλη-θα</b> also <b class="b3">βρῖ-θος</b> : <b class="b3">βρί-θω</b> : <b class="b3">βέ-βρι-θα</b> (s. v. and Schwyzer 511 a. 703); with [[πλῆθος]], <b class="b3">-θύς</b> (on which Schwyzer 463f. and Frisk Eranos 43, 221) one compares Lat. [[plēbēs]] from IE <b class="b2">*plēdhu̯ēs</b> (cf. W.-Hofmann s. v.); well-argued doubts in Ernout-Meillet s. v. -- Further details w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 63f., Pok. 799f., W.-Hofmann s. [[pleō]], Mayrhofer s. [[píparti]]1; older lit. also in Bq. On the Greek form still Schwyzer 689. -- Cf. [[πολύς]], [[πλείων]], [[πλήμνη]].