ἡνία: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A), Dor. ἁνία, ίων<b class="b3">, τά</b> (v. sub fin.), <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[reins]], <span class="bibl">Il.5.226</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.483</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>95</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.18</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>1.15</span>: rare exc. in Poets, <b class="b3">ἐφ' ἡνία</b>,= <b class="b3">ἐφ' ἡνίαν</b> (v. sq.), <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">Tact.</span>19.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> sg., ἡνίον, τό, [[bit]], <span class="bibl">Poll.1.148</span>. (I.-E. <b class="b2">[nmacrnull]siyo-</b>, cf. Skt. [[nāsyam]] 'nose-rein', Ir. [[éssi]] 'reins'.)</span><br /><span class="bld">ἡνία</span> (B), Dor. ἁνία, ἡ, post-Hom.,= foreg., <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[bridle]], [[reins]], in pl., <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">P.</span>5.32</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>193</span>, etc.; πρὸς ἡνίας μάχεσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1010</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς τοὐπίσω ἑλκύσαι τὰς ἡ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>254c</span>: less freq. in sg., <b class="b3">Ἥλιε . . ἐπισχὼν χρυσόνωτον ἡ</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>847</span>; ἡ. χαλᾶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>409</span>: the sg. for [[one rein]], ἔπειτα λύων ἡ. ἀριστεράν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>743</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., Ἔρως . . ἡνίας ηὔθυνε παλιντόνους <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1739</span>; δυοῖν γυναικοῖν ἄνδρ' ἕν' ἡνίας ἔχειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>178</span>; ἐφεῖναι καὶ χαλάσαι τὰς ἡ. τοῖς λόγοις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>338a</span>; <b class="b3">παραλαβοῦσαι τῆς πόλεως τὰς ἡ</b>. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>466</span>; <b class="b3">τούτῳ παραδώσω τῆς πυκνὸς τὰς ἡ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 1109</span>; γαστρὸς πᾶσαν ἡ. κρατεῖν <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Mon.</span>81</span>; τῷ δήμῳ τὰς ἡ. ἀνείς <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>11</span>; <b class="b3">ἐνδιδόναι τοῖς βουλήμασι τὰς ἡ</b>. <span class="bibl">D.H.7.35</span>; παρὰ τὴν ἡ. πράττειν <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Im.</span>2.18</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς ταῖς ἡ</b>., of high officials, <span class="title">BCH</span>32.431 (Delos); <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τῶν ἡ</b>. <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ma.</span>6.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> as a military term, <b class="b3">ἐφ' ἡνίαν</b> wheeling [[to the left]] ([[the left being the bridle hand]]), <span class="bibl">Plb. 10.23.2</span>, Ascl. <span class="title">Tact.</span>10.2, <span class="bibl">Polyaen.4.3.21</span>; [τὸν ἵππον] περισπάσας ἐφ' ἡνίαν τῷ χαλινῷ <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Marc.</span>6</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἡνίας</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἐκ δόρατος</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.11.23.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[any leather thong]], esp. [[sandal-thong]], ἡνίαι Λακωνικαί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>508</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n. pl.<br />Meaning: [[reins]], [[bridles]] (Hom., Hes., Pi.)<br />Other forms: [[ἡνίαι]] f. pl., also <b class="b3">-ία</b> sg. (posthom.), Dor. <b class="b3">ἁν-</b> (<b class="b3">ἀν-</b>)<br />Dialectal forms: Myc.[[anija]] \/[[anhiai]]\/, dat. pl. [[anijapi]]. So the neut. is secondary?<br />Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in <b class="b3">ἡνί-οχος</b> "driver,", <b class="b2"> charioteer</b> (Il.; ep. also <b class="b3">-ῆα</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆες</b>, metr. conditioned) with <b class="b3">ἡνιοχ-ικός</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b> (ep. <b class="b3">-εύω</b>), <b class="b3">-ησις</b>, <b class="b3">-εία</b>. As 2. member e. g. in <b class="b3">χρυσ-ήνιος</b> [[with goldenen reins]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [48] <b class="b2">*h₂ensia</b> [[rein]]<br />Etymology: As Lac. [[ἀνιοχίον]] = [[ἡνιοχέων]] (IG 5 [1], 213) seems to point to original psilosis (origin of the aspir. unknown), [[ἀνία]] can go back on <b class="b3">*ἀνσία</b> and be identical with a Celtic word for [[rein]], MIr. <b class="b2">ē(i)si</b> pl. (< <b class="b2">*ansio-</b>). One connects further some Lat., Balt. and Germ. expressions for [[grip]], [[handle]], Lat. [[ānsa]] = Lith. <b class="b2">ąsà</b>, OWNo. [[æs]] f. (< <b class="b2">*ansiā</b>) <b class="b2">hole for shoe-strings</b> (because of the meaning very doubtful). - Walde Stand u. Aufgaben 153f. More in Bq., W.-Hofmann s. [[ānsa]], Puhvel Lang. 30, 456f.